Florence Nightingale: A Life of Caring - Day 2弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔：关爱的一生 - 第二天
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EN： The verb 'was' is the past tense of 'is'. It is used to describe a person's character or state in the past.
中文： 动词 'was' 是 'is' 的过去式。它用来描述一个人在过去的性格或状态。
He was a kind teacher.
他以前是一位亲切的老师。
EN： Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. Her birthday, May 12, is celebrated as International Nurses Day.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被譽為現代護理學的奠基者。她的生日 5 月 12 日被定為國際護士節。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by another verb in its base form (without 'to') or with 'to'. Both 'helped change' and 'helped to change' are correct.
中文： 动词「help」后面可以直接接原形动词，也可以接「to + 原形动词」。「helped change」和「helped to change」都是正确的用法。
He helped clean the kitchen.
他帮助清理了厨房。
EN： In the 19th century, hospitals were often dangerous and unsanitary. Florence Nightingale's focus on cleanliness and organization revolutionized modern medicine.
中文： 在 19 世紀，醫院通常是危險且不衛生的。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾對清潔和組織的重視徹底改變了現代醫學。
EN： Use 'be born' in the past tense (was/were born) to talk about someone's birth. Use 'in' before a city, country, or year.
中文： 使用过去式的「be born」(was/were born) 来描述某人的出生。在城市、国家或年份之前要使用介词「in」。
He was born in Germany in 1995.
他于 1995 年出生在德国。
EN： In the 19th century, it was common for wealthy English families to travel or live in Italy. Although Florence Nightingale was born in Italy, she is considered a British national hero because of her family background and her work in the UK.
中文： 在 19 世紀，富有的英國家庭在義大利旅行或居住是很常見的。雖然佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾出生於義大利，但由於她的家庭背景以及她在英國的工作，她被視為英國的民族英雄。
EN： The phrase 'want to + verb' is used to express a desire or intention to do an action.
中文： 「want to + 动词」的句型用来表达想要做某件事的愿望或意图。
I want to learn English.
我想要学英语。
EN： In the 19th century, it was very unusual for women from wealthy families like Florence Nightingale's to work as nurses, as the job was considered low-status and dirty.
中文： 在 19 世紀，像佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾這樣出身富裕家庭的女性去當護士是非常罕見的，因為當時這份工作被認為地位低下且骯髒。
EN： Use 'didn't' + 'base verb' to talk about actions that did not happen in the past.
中文： 使用「didn't」加上「动词原形」来描述过去没有发生的动作或状态。
He didn't want to go to the party.
他当时不想去参加派对。
EN： In the 19th century, nursing was considered a low-status job for poor people. Wealthy families like Florence Nightingale's expected their daughters to marry well, not to work in dirty hospitals.
中文： 在 19 世紀，護理被認為是窮人做的低等工作。像 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 這樣富有的家庭，通常期望女兒能嫁入好人家，而不是在骯髒的醫院工作。
EN： Use 'didn't' (did not) followed by the base form of a verb to talk about things that were not true or did not happen in the past.
中文： 使用「didn't」（did not）后接动词原形，用来描述过去并非事实或过去没有发生的事情。
He didn't like the food.
他不喜欢那道食物。
EN： In the 19th century, nursing was considered a low-status job for poor women. Wealthy families expected their daughters to marry and manage a home, not to work in dirty hospitals.
中文： 在 19 世紀，護理工作被認為是貧窮女性從事的低地位工作。富有的家庭期望他們的女兒結婚並管理家務，而不是在骯髒的醫院工作。
EN： The past simple tense is used to describe actions that happened and finished in the past. For regular verbs like 'follow', we add '-ed' to the end.
中文： 过去简单时用于描述过去已经发生并完成的动作。对于像 'follow' 这样的规则动词，我们在结尾加上 '-ed'。
He followed the map to find the house.
他跟着地图找到了那间房子。
EN： In the 19th century, women from wealthy families were expected to marry and manage a household, not to work. Florence Nightingale's decision to become a nurse was a significant act of rebellion against social class expectations.
中文： 在 19 世紀，富裕家庭的女性被期望結婚並管理家務，而不是出去工作。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾決定成為一名護士，是對當時社會階級期望的一種重大反抗。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or goal of an action.
中文： 使用「to + 动词」（不定式）来表示某个动作的目的或目标。
He went to the store to buy milk.
他去商店买牛奶。
EN： In the 19th century, Germany was home to the Kaiserswerth Deaconess Institute, one of the few places where women could receive formal training in nursing, which was why Florence Nightingale went there to study.
中文： 在 19 世紀，德國擁有凱撒斯韋特執事女修道院，這是當時少數女性可以接受正式護理培訓的地方之一，這也是為什麼佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾前往那裡學習的原因。
EN： Use 'When' to join two events that happened at the same time in the past.
中文： 使用「When」来连接两个在过去同时发生的事件。
When the bell rang, the students left the room.
当铃声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The Crimean War (1853–1856) was a major conflict where nursing conditions were famously poor until Florence Nightingale arrived to improve them.
中文： 克里米亞戰爭（1853-1856年）是一場重大的衝突，當時的護理條件極差，直到 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 到達並改善了這些情況。
EN： Use 'were' to describe a state or condition of plural subjects in the past.
中文： 使用 'were' 来描述复数主语在过去的状态或情况。
The rooms were very cold.
那些房间以前非常冷。
EN： In the mid-19th century, hospitals during wartime often lacked basic sanitation, which is why Nightingale's focus on cleanliness was revolutionary.
中文： 在 19 世紀中期，戰時醫院通常缺乏基本的衛生設施，這也是為什麼南丁格爾對清潔的重視具有革命性的意義。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or reason why someone does something.
中文： 使用「to + 动词」（不定式）来表示某人做某事的目的或原因。
I went to the store to buy milk.
我去商店买了牛奶。
EN： In the mid-19th century, it was very unusual for a woman of Florence Nightingale's high social standing to work in hospitals, which were then considered dirty and dangerous places. Her decision to lead a team of nurses to Crimea was a revolutionary step for women's roles in society.
中文： 在 19 世紀中葉，像 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 這樣具有高社會地位的女性在醫院工作是非常罕見的，因為當時的醫院被認為是骯髒且危險的地方。她決定帶領護士團隊前往 克里米亞，是女性社會角色的一大革命性進步。
EN： When listing three or more actions, we use commas between the items and the word 'and' before the last item.
中文： 当列举三个或更多动作时，我们在项目之间使用逗号，并在最后一个项目之前加上 'and'。
He ate breakfast, brushed his teeth, and went to school.
他吃了早餐，刷了牙，然后去上学。
EN： In the 1850s, hospital hygiene was very poor. Florence Nightingale's focus on basic cleanliness and fresh air was revolutionary and saved many lives, forming the basis of modern nursing.
中文： 在 1850 年代，醫院的衛生條件非常差。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾對基本清潔和新鮮空氣的重視是革命性的，挽救了許多生命，並構成了現代護理學的基礎。
EN： The phrase 'the number of' is followed by a plural noun (men) but takes a singular verb (went) because the subject is the 'number' itself.
中文： 「the number of」后面接复数名词（men），但主语是「数量」本身，因此动词要对应单数主语（在此为过去式 went）。
The number of students in the class is twenty.
班上学生的数量是二十人。
EN： This sentence highlights the immediate impact of Florence Nightingale's sanitary reforms. Her focus on hygiene significantly reduced mortality rates, which was a revolutionary concept in 19th-century medicine.
中文： 這句話強調了佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾衛生改革的即時成效。她對衛生的重視顯著降低了死亡率，這在 19 世紀的醫學界是一個革命性的觀念。
EN： The '-ing' form (checking) is used here to show an action happening at the same time as the main verb (worked).
中文： 这里使用 '-ing' 形式（checking）来表示与主动词（worked）同时发生的动作，用来补充说明主语当时正在做什么。
He sat on the sofa, reading a book.
他坐在沙发上，读着一本书。
EN： The image of Florence Nightingale with a lamp became a symbol of nursing. It represents her dedication to patients even during the dark hours of the night.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾提著燈的形象成為了護理專業的象徵。這代表了她對病患的奉獻精神，即使在深夜也不間斷地照顧他們。
EN： The verb 'call' can be used with two objects: the person being called and the name or title given to them (Call + Someone + Name).
中文： 动词「call」可以接两个宾语：被称呼的人以及给予他们的名称或头衔（称呼 + 某人 + 某个名字）。
They call him the King of Pop.
他们称他为流行音乐之王。
EN： The nickname 'Lady with the Lamp' comes from how Florence Nightingale would check on wounded soldiers at night. It became a symbol of her dedication and the beginning of modern nursing.
中文： 「提燈女士」這個綽號源於佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾在夜間巡視受傷士兵的行為。這成為了她奉獻精神的象徵，也標誌著現代護理學的開端。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or reason why someone does something.
中文： 使用「to + 动词」（不定式）来表示某人做某事的目的或原因。
He went to the library to study.
他去图书馆是为了学习。
EN： Florence Nightingale founded the first scientifically based nursing school, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, at St Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860. This marked the beginning of professional nursing education.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾於 1860 年在倫敦聖多馬醫院創立了第一所基於科學基礎的護理學校——南丁格爾護士訓練學校。這標誌著專業護理教育的開始。
EN： Using '-ing' (Gerunds) after a preposition: When a verb follows a preposition like 'about', we add '-ing' to the verb to turn it into a noun.
中文： 在介词之后使用动名词 (-ing)：当动词接在像 'about' 这样的介词之后时，我们会在动词词尾加上 '-ing'，使其变成名词形式。
He is interested in learning English.
他对学习英文感兴趣。
EN： Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. Her emphasis on hygiene (like washing hands) was revolutionary in the 19th century and saved countless lives.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被認為是現代護理學的奠基人。她在 19 世紀強調衛生（如洗手）的觀念具有革命性，並拯救了無數生命。
EN： The phrase 'lived to be' is used to state the age a person reached before they died.
中文： 短语「lived to be」用来描述某人活到了几岁。
My grandfather lived to be 95.
我的祖父活到了 95 岁。
EN： In the 19th century, living to be 90 years old was very rare due to limited medical knowledge, making Nightingale's long life as a health pioneer quite remarkable.
中文： 在 19 世紀，由於醫療知識有限，活到 90 歲是非常罕見的，這使得南丁格爾作為健康先驅的長壽顯得格外引人注目。
EN： The word 'wrote' is the past tense of 'write'. We use the past tense to talk about actions that happened and finished in the past.
中文： 单词 'wrote' 是 'write' 的过去式。我们使用过去式来描述发生在过去且已经完成的动作。
He wrote a long email yesterday.
他昨天写了一封长长的电子邮件。
EN： Florence Nightingale's writings were revolutionary because they used data and clear instructions to improve medical standards, which was uncommon for women in the 19th century.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾的著作具有革命性，因為她利用數據和清晰的指示來提高醫療標準，這在 19 世紀的女性中是非常罕見的。
EN： The word 'still' is used to say that a situation continues to exist and has not changed. It usually goes before the main verb.
中文： 单词 'still' 用来表示某个情况持续存在且没有改变。它通常放在主要动词之前。
I still live in the same house.
我仍然住在同一个房子里。
EN： In this context, 'work' refers to Florence Nightingale's lifelong achievements and the standards she set for nursing, rather than just a daily job. Her birthday, May 12th, is celebrated globally as International Nurses Day.
中文： 在本文中，'work' 指的是 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 一生的成就以及她為護理工作設立的標準，而不僅僅是一份日常工作。她的生日 5 月 12 日被定為國際護師節，全球都會慶祝。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by another verb in its base form (without 'to') to show what action was assisted.
中文： 动词「help」(帮助) 后面可以直接接另一个原形动词，用来表示所协助的动作。
He helped clean the kitchen.
他帮助清理了厨房。
EN： Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. Her emphasis on hygiene (like washing hands and clean air) was revolutionary in the 19th century and remains the standard for hospital care today.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被認為是現代護理學的奠基人。她在 19 世紀強調的衛生觀念（如洗手和空氣流通）在當時是革命性的，至今仍是醫院照護的標準。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 有爱心的、关怀他人的
在本文中： 护理师、护士
在本文中： 拥挤的
在本文中： 病人、患者
在本文中： 训练、培训
在本文中： 健康
在本文中： 更安全的
在本文中： 永远地、永久地
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To pursue or try to achieve what one has always wanted to do.
追随梦想
To examine someone or something to make sure they are safe, correct, or in good condition.
查看、检查（状况）
A nickname given to Florence Nightingale because she would visit patients at night carrying a lamp.
提灯女士
To decrease in amount, level, or number.
下降、减少
The services provided by medical professionals to look after a patient.
病人照护