EN: Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the current moment.
中文: 现在完成时 (has + 过去分词):用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在,或与现状密切相关的动作或状态。
She has lived in this city for ten years.
她在这座城市已经住了十年了。
EN: One of the + Superlative + Plural Noun: A common structure used to identify a specific item that belongs to a group sharing a top-tier quality.
中文: One of the + 最高级 + 复数名词:这是一个常用的句型,用来指代在某人群体中具备最高等级特质的其中之一。
He is one of the most talented players on the team.
他是队上最有天赋的球员之一。
EN: The term 'Artificial Intelligence' has shifted from a science fiction concept to a daily reality in Western discourse, especially since the public release of large language models like ChatGPT in late 2022.
中文: 「人工智慧」一詞已從科幻概念轉變為西方日常論述中的現實,特別是自 2022 年底 ChatGPT 等大型語言模型公開發布以來,其討論熱度達到了前所未有的高度。
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, emphasizing the current state of knowledge.
中文: 现在完成时 (have + 过去分词) 在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的动作,强调目前的认知状态。
I have already seen that movie.
我已经看过那部电影了。
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clauses (using ', which') provide extra information about a noun (ChatGPT) that is already clearly identified. It is separated by a comma.
中文: 非限定性关系从句 (使用 ', which') 用来对已经明确指定的名词 (ChatGPT) 提供额外补充信息。这种用法必须用逗号隔开。
My car, which is ten years old, still runs well.
我的车已经十岁了,但依然跑得很顺。
EN: ChatGPT, released by OpenAI in late 2022, has become a global cultural phenomenon, often used as a generic term for AI chatbots in casual conversation.
中文: ChatGPT 由 OpenAI 於 2022 年底發布,已成為全球性的文化現象。在日常對話中,人們常將其作為人工智慧聊天機器人的代名詞。
EN: Parallel Structure: When listing multiple actions (write, answer, help), use the same grammatical form for each item to ensure clarity and balance.
中文: 平行结构:当列举多个动作(写、回答、帮助)时,每个项目应使用相同的语法形式(在此均为情态动词后的动词原形),以确保句子的清晰与平衡。
She likes to swim, to dance, and to sing.
她喜欢游泳、跳舞和唱歌。
EN: Modal Verb 'Can': Used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb without 'to'.
中文: 情态动词 'Can':用来表达能力或可能性。后接动词原形,不需要加 'to'。
The software can analyze data very quickly.
这款软件可以非常快速地分析数据。
EN: The phrase 'be excited about' is an adjective phrase used to express a feeling of enthusiasm or eagerness regarding a specific subject or event.
中文: 短语“be excited about”是一个形容词短语,用于表达对特定事物或事件感到兴奋或热衷的情绪。
She is excited about her upcoming trip to Japan.
她对即将到来的日本旅行感到很兴奋。
EN: The verb 'make' can be used in the pattern 'make + object + adjective' to describe a change in state or a result caused by something.
中文: 动词“make”可用于“make + 宾语 + 形容词”的句型,用来描述由某事引起的状态改变或结果。
The new software makes the process faster.
这款新软件让流程变得更快。
EN: The phrase 'be worried about' is an adjective phrase used to describe a state of anxiety or concern. It is often followed by a noun or a gerund.
中文: 短语 'be worried about' 是一个形容词短语,用于描述焦虑或担心的状态。后面通常接名词或动名词。
She is worried about her upcoming exam.
她担心即将到来的考试。
EN: A relative clause (adjective clause) starting with 'that' is used here to modify the noun 'changes'. It provides more specific information about what kind of changes are being discussed.
中文: 这里使用由 'that' 引导的关系从句(定语从句)来修饰名词 'changes'。它提供了关于正在讨论的是哪种变化的具体信息。
I like the book that you gave me.
我喜欢你送给我的那本书。
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to describe the method or means by which an action is performed.
中文: 介词“by”后面接动名词(V-ing),用来描述执行某个动作的方法或手段。
You can improve your English by watching movies.
你可以通过看电影来提高你的英语。
EN: A relative clause starting with 'that' is used to provide more information about the noun 'prompt'. In this case, it is an object relative clause where 'that' can be omitted.
中文: 以“that”引导的关系从句用来提供关于名词“prompt(提示词)”的更多信息。在这种情况下,它是宾语从句,“that”可以省略。
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
我昨天买的那本书非常有意思。
EN: In the context of AI, the word 'prompt' has become a technical term referring to the specific input given to a large language model to generate a response. 'Prompt engineering' is now a recognized skill in the tech industry.
中文: 在人工智慧的語境中,「prompt(提示詞)」已成為一個專業術語,指給予大型語言模型以生成回應的特定輸入。「提示工程(Prompt engineering)」現在已成為科技產業中公認的一項技能。
EN: The sentence uses a Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) starting with 'that' to describe the nouns 'question or instruction'. The relative pronoun 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'give'.
中文: 本句使用了由 'that' 引导的关系从句(定语从句),用来修饰先行词 'question or instruction'(问题或指令)。在从句中,'that' 作为动词 'give' 的直接宾语。
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的那本书。
EN: The adverb 'simply' is used here to emphasize that something is not complicated or is just as described.
中文: 副词 'simply' 在此处用于强调某事并不复杂,或者仅仅如描述所言,常用于定义简单的概念。
The rules are simply too difficult to follow.
这些规则简直太难遵守了。
EN: In the context of modern technology, 'prompt engineering' has become a recognized skill. It refers to the ability to craft precise instructions to get the best possible output from an AI.
中文: 在現代科技語境下,「提示工程」(prompt engineering) 已成為一項公認的技能。它指的是透過精心設計指令,以從人工智慧中獲得最佳輸出結果的能力。
EN: The verb 'ask' is often used in the pattern 'ask + object + to-infinitive' to express a request for someone (or something) to perform an action.
中文: 动词 'ask' 常见的用法是 'ask + 宾语 + 不定式 (to V)',用来表示请求某人(或某物)执行某个动作。
She asked her friend to help her with the homework.
她请她的朋友帮她做作业。
EN: The preposition 'in' is used here to indicate the medium or manner of expression, such as a language or a specific style of words.
中文: 介词 'in' 在此处用于表示表达的媒介或方式,例如某种语言或特定的措辞风格。
Please write your report in English.
请用英文写你的报告。
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice (has been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action (The AI) rather than the performer.
中文: 现在完成时的被动语态 (has been + 过去分词):此结构用于描述过去某个不特定时间发生且对现在有影响的动作,强调动作的承受者(AI)而非执行者。
The software has been updated to the latest version.
该软件已经更新到最新版本。
EN: Coordinating Conjunction 'so': Used to connect two independent clauses where the second clause is the result or consequence of the first.
中文: 并列连词 'so':用于连接两个独立子句,其中第二个子句是第一个子句的结果或后果。
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
当时在下雨,所以我们待在家里的。
EN: In the context of AI, 'training' refers to the process where a machine learning model processes vast amounts of data to recognize patterns. The mention of 'millions of texts' highlights the scale of modern Large Language Models (LLMs).
中文: 在人工智慧的語境中,「訓練」(training) 指的是機器學習模型處理海量數據以識別模式的過程。提到「數百萬份文本」突顯了現代大型語言模型 (LLM) 的規模。
EN: Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has a result in the present.
中文: 现在完成时 (have + 过去分词):用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在,或对现在产生影响的动作。
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们已经在这座城市住了十年了。
EN: Gerund after 'start': The verb 'start' can be followed by a gerund (verb+ing) or an infinitive (to+verb) to indicate the beginning of an activity.
中文: 动词 start 后接动名词:动词 start 后面可以接动名词 (V-ing) 或不定式 (to V),用来表示开始某项活动。
It started raining an hour ago.
一小时前开始下雨了。
EN: The Subject-Verb-Complement structure (S-V-C): In this sentence, 'One major concern' is the subject, 'is' is the linking verb, and 'automation and its effect' is the subject complement that identifies or describes the subject.
中文: 主语-动词-表语结构 (S-V-C):在此句子中,“One major concern”是主语,“is”是系动词,而“automation and its effect”则是主语表语,用来定义或描述主语的内容。
The main reason for the delay is the heavy rain.
延误的主要原因是暴雨。
EN: Prepositional phrases as modifiers: The phrase 'about AI' acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'concern', and 'on jobs' modifies the noun 'effect'.
中文: 介词短语作定语:短语“about AI”作定语修饰名词“concern”(担忧),而“on jobs”则修饰名词“effect”(影响)。
The impact of social media on teenagers is significant.
社交媒体对青少年的影响是重大的。
EN: The debate over automation and job displacement is a global concern, but it is particularly prominent in Western economic discourse where the balance between technological progress and labor rights is frequently discussed in the media.
中文: 關於自動化導致失業的辯論是一個全球性的議題,但在西方經濟論述中尤為突出,媒體經常討論技術進步與勞工權益之間的平衡。
EN: Present Continuous Passive: This structure (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress where the focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文: 现在进行时的被动语态:此结构(am/is/are + being + 过去分词)用于描述目前正在进行中的动作,且焦点在于动作的承受者而非执行者。
The old bridge is being repaired by the construction crew.
那座旧桥正由施工团队维修中。
EN: Instead of: A prepositional phrase used to indicate that one thing is happening or being chosen in place of another.
中文: Instead of (而非/代替):这是一个介词短语,用来表示某事正在发生或被选择,以取代另一件事。
I decided to walk to work instead of taking the bus.
我决定走路去上班,而不是坐公交车。
EN: The shift from human labor to automation is a central theme in modern economic discussions. In English-speaking workplaces, 'routine tasks' often refers to repetitive work that doesn't require complex decision-making, which is the primary target for AI integration.
中文: 從人力轉向自動化是現代經濟討論的核心主題。在英語工作環境中,「routine tasks」(例行任務) 通常指不需要複雜決策的重複性工作,這也是 AI 整合的主要目標。
EN: Present Perfect Passive: This structure (have/has + been + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the person or thing receiving the action rather than the doer.
中文: 现在完成时的被动语态:此结构(have/has + been + 过去分词)用于描述过去某个不明确时间点完成的动作,且重点在于承受动作的人或事物,而非执行者。
The old building has been replaced by a modern shopping mall.
那栋旧建筑已被一座现代化的购物中心所取代。
EN: Transitions for Examples: 'For instance' is a transitional phrase used to introduce a specific example that supports a previous general statement. It is synonymous with 'For example'.
中文: 举例过渡词:'For instance' 是一个过渡短语,用于引入支持前述一般性陈述的具体例子。它与 'For example' 同义。
There are many ways to save energy. For instance, you can turn off the lights when leaving a room.
有很多节能的方法。例如,离开房间时可以关灯。
EN: The rise of AI chatbots in customer service reflects a global shift toward automation. While it increases efficiency for companies, it also sparks debates about the 'human touch' in service and the future of entry-level employment.
中文: 人工智慧聊天機器人在客戶服務領域的興起反映了全球自動化的趨勢。雖然這提高了企業的效率,但也引發了關於服務中「人情味」的缺失以及初級就業市場未來的討論。
EN: Passive Voice with Expectation: The structure 'be expected to + verb' is used to talk about things that are likely to happen in the future based on current evidence or expert opinion.
中文: 被动语态与预期:结构“be expected to + 动词”用于根据目前的证据或专家意见,描述未来很可能发生的事情。
The new smartphone is expected to launch next month.
这款新智能手机预计将于下个月发布。
EN: Time Expression 'In the coming years': This phrase refers to a period starting from now and continuing into the near future. 'Coming' acts as an adjective meaning 'approaching' or 'future'.
中文: 时间短语“In the coming years”:这个短语指的是从现在开始并持续到不久的将来的一段时间。“Coming”在此作为形容词,意为“即将到来的”或“未来的”。
We will see many changes in the coming years.
在未来几年,我们将会看到许多变化。
EN: In Western business and technology contexts, 'automation' is a neutral term, but it often sparks debates about labor rights and the future of work. Using 'is expected to' is a common way for journalists and analysts to report trends without making absolute guarantees.
中文: 在西方商業和科技背景下,「automation」(自動化)是一個中性詞,但它經常引發關於勞工權利和工作未來的辯論。使用「is expected to」是記者和分析師報告趨勢的常用方式,既能表達預測又不必做出絕對保證。
EN: Relative Clauses with 'who': A relative clause provides more information about a noun. 'Who' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to people (Workers). In this sentence, 'who want to stay competitive' identifies which specific workers we are talking about.
中文: 关系从句 (Relative Clauses):使用 'who' 作为关系代词来修饰前面的名词(先行词),此处指代“人”(Workers)。“who want to stay competitive”这个从句用来限定并说明是哪一类的工人。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力学习的学生通常会取得好成绩。
EN: Modal Verb 'should': 'Should' is a modal verb used to give advice or express an obligation. It is always followed by the base form of the main verb (learn).
中文: 情态动词 'should':用来表示建议或义务,中文常译为“应该”。情态动词后面必须接动词原形(在此为 learn)。
You should eat more vegetables to stay healthy.
你应该多吃蔬菜以保持健康。
EN: In the modern global economy, 'staying competitive' is a common phrase used to describe the need for continuous learning (lifelong learning) due to rapid technological changes like AI.
中文: 在現代全球經濟中,「保持競爭力」(staying competitive) 是一個常見短語,用來描述因人工智慧等科技快速變革,而產生的持續學習(終身學習)之必要性。
EN: The use of 'when' as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a time clause. It connects a main idea (Ethics is another important topic) with the specific condition or time (when we talk about AI).
中文: 使用 'when' 作为从属连词来引导时间状语从句。它将主句(伦理是另一个话题)与特定的时间或情况(当我们谈论人工智能时)连接起来。
I always feel inspired when I read books about technology.
当我阅读关于科技的书籍时,我总是感到深受启发。
EN: The word 'another' is used with singular countable nouns (topic) to refer to one more person or thing of the same type.
中文: 单词 'another' 与单数可数名词(topic)连用,表示同类型的“另一个”人或事物。
Would you like another cup of coffee?
你想要再喝一杯咖啡吗?
EN: The discussion of ethics in AI is a global priority, focusing on how algorithms should make moral decisions, such as in self-driving cars or hiring processes, to avoid bias and harm.
中文: 人工智慧倫理的討論是全球關注的重點,主要探討演算法應如何做出道德決策(例如自動駕駛汽車或招聘流程),以避免偏見和傷害。
EN: The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' (that AI can be used...) as the direct object of the verb 'worry'. The conjunction 'that' introduces a complete thought that explains what people are worried about.
中文: 本句使用了“名词从句”(that AI can be used...)作为动词 worry 的宾语。连词 that 引导一个完整的想法,用来解释人们担心的具体内容。
I believe that technology will change our lives.
我相信科技将会改变我们的生活。
EN: The 'Passive Voice' (can be used) is used here because the focus is on the action being performed on the AI, rather than who is using it.
中文: 这里使用了“被动语态”(can be used),因为重点在于人工智能“被使用”的动作,而非是谁在使用它。
This tool can be used for many different purposes.
这个工具可以用作许多不同的用途。
EN: The term 'false information' is often used interchangeably with 'misinformation' or 'fake news' in modern digital ethics discussions, highlighting a global concern about the impact of AI on truth and democracy.
中文: 「虛假訊息」(false information) 一詞在現代數位倫理討論中常與「誤導訊息」(misinformation) 或「假新聞」(fake news) 互換使用,這反映了全球對於人工智慧對真相和民主影響的普遍擔憂。
EN: The phrase 'be concerned about' is a passive construction used to express worry or anxiety about a specific topic. It functions as an adjective phrase describing the subject's state of mind.
中文: “be concerned about”是一个被动结构短语,用来表达对特定主题的担忧或焦虑。它在句中作为形容词短语,描述主语的心理状态。
Many parents are concerned about their children's safety online.
许多家长担心孩子们的网络安全。
EN: The conjunction 'because' introduces a subordinate clause of reason. It explains the cause or motive behind the action or state mentioned in the main clause.
中文: 从属连词“because”引导一个表示原因的原因状语从句。它解释了主句中所提到的动作或状态背后的原因或动机。
I stayed home because it was raining heavily.
我待在家里的原因是雨下得很大。
EN: In many Western countries, privacy and data protection (like GDPR in Europe) are significant legal and ethical issues. The sentence reflects a common global debate about the trade-off between AI convenience and personal security.
中文: 在許多西方國家,隱私和數據保護(如歐洲的 GDPR)是重大的法律和倫理議題。這句話反映了全球對於人工智慧帶來的便利與個人安全之間權衡的普遍辯論。
EN: The conjunction 'since' is used here to introduce a reason or cause, functioning similarly to 'because'. It connects the main clause to a subordinate clause that explains why the questions about fairness exist.
中文: 连词“since”在此处用于引导原因状语从句,功能类似于“because”(因为)。它将主句与从句连接起来,解释为什么会存在关于公平性的疑问。
Since it is raining, we should stay indoors.
因为正在下雨,我们应该待在室内。
EN: The 'There are' structure is an existential clause used to state that something exists. 'There' acts as a dummy subject, while the real subject follows the verb 'are'.
中文: “There are”结构是一个存在句,用于陈述某事物的存在。“There”作为形式主语,真正的主语(在此为复数名词 questions)则接在动词“are”之后。
There are many ways to solve this problem.
解决这个问题有很多种方法。
EN: The topic of 'AI bias' is a significant ethical discussion in Western tech circles. It refers to how AI models can inherit human prejudices from the data they are trained on, leading to unfair outcomes in areas like hiring or legal decisions.
中文: 「AI 偏見」是西方科技界一個重要的倫理討論話題。它指的是人工智慧模型可能會從訓練數據中繼承人類的偏見,從而在招聘或法律裁決等領域導致不公平的結果。
EN: The Present Continuous tense (am/is/are + verb-ing) is used here to describe an action that is currently in progress or a developing trend.
中文: 现在进行时 (am/is/are + 现在分词) 在此处用于描述目前正在进行中的动作或正在发展的趋势。
Scientists are developing new ways to store energy.
科学家们正在开发储存能源的新方法。
EN: The verb 'make' is used as a causative-like verb followed by an object and an adjective (make + object + adjective) to describe causing someone or something to be in a certain state.
中文: 动词 'make' 在此作为使役用法,后接宾语和形容词 (make + 宾语 + 形容词),用来描述使某人或某物处于某种状态。
The new law will make the streets cleaner.
这项新法律将使街道变得更干净。
EN: The sentence reflects a global trend where governments (like the EU with the AI Act) are moving from pure innovation to regulation to address ethical concerns.
中文: 這句話反映了全球趨勢,各國政府(如歐盟的《人工智慧法案》)正從單純的技術創新轉向法律監管,以應對倫理疑慮。
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to emphasize that two different qualities or facts are equally true for the subject.
中文: 并列连词“both... and...”用于强调两个不同的特质或事实对主体而言同样成立,意为“既……又……”。
The movie was both long and boring.
这部电影既长又无聊。
EN: The word 'future' is often followed by the preposition 'of' to specify what the future belongs to or concerns.
中文: 单词“future”(未来)后方经常接介词“of”,用来明确说明是关于什么事物的未来。
The future of education is changing.
教育的未来正在改变。
EN: Present Continuous Passive: Formed by 'am/is/are + being + past participle'. It describes an action currently in progress where the subject is the receiver of the action.
中文: 现在进行时的被动语态:由“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”构成。用于描述目前正在进行中,且主语为动作接受者的行为。
A new bridge is being built across the river.
一座新桥正在河上建造中。
EN: Relative Clause with 'that': A dependent clause starting with 'that' used to provide more information about a noun (in this case, 'new tools').
中文: 使用 'that' 的关系从句:以 'that' 开头的从属从句,用于提供关于名词(在此句中为 'new tools')的更多信息。
I have a phone that takes great photos.
我有一部拍照功能很棒的电话。
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice: Formed using 'have/has + been + past participle'. This structure is used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文: 现在完成时的被动语态:由“have/has + been + 过去分词”构成。此结构用于描述在过去不特定时间完成的动作,且重点在于动作的承受者而非执行者。
The old building has already been renovated by the city council.
那栋旧建筑已经由市议会翻新了。
EN: Compound Subject: When multiple nouns (Education, healthcare, and business) are joined by 'and', they form a plural subject, requiring the plural auxiliary verb 'have'.
中文: 复合主语:当多个名词(教育、医疗和商业)由 'and' 连接时,它们构成复数主语,因此需要使用复数助动词 'have'。
Reading, writing, and speaking are essential skills for language learners.
读、写、说对语言学习者来说是不可或缺的技能。
EN: First Conditional: Used to talk about things which might happen in the future. The structure is 'If + present simple, will/can/may + infinitive'.
中文: 第一类条件句:用于描述未来可能发生的情况。结构为“If + 一般现在时,will/can/may + 动词原形”。
If it rains tomorrow, we can stay at home.
如果明天下雨,我们可以待在家里。
EN: Adverbs of Manner: Words like 'responsibly' describe how an action is performed. They are often formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective.
中文: 方式副词:像 'responsibly' 这样的词用来描述动作如何进行。通常是在形容词词尾加上 '-ly' 构成。
Please drive carefully on the highway.
在高速公路上请小心驾驶。
EN: The term 'responsibly' in the context of AI refers to 'AI Ethics,' a growing global field focused on ensuring technology does not harm humans or reinforce biases.
中文: 在人工智慧的背景下,「responsibly」(負責任地)一詞涉及「AI 倫理」,這是一個日益受到全球關注的領域,旨在確保技術不會傷害人類或加深偏見。
EN: The use of 'to + verb' (infinitive) as a subject complement. In this sentence, 'to stay' and 'to think' follow the linking verb 'is' to define what 'the key' is.
中文: 使用“to + 动词”(不定式)作为主语补足语。在本句中,“to stay”和“to think”接在系动词“is”之后,用来定义“关键 (the key)”是什么。
The goal is to finish the project by Friday.
目标是在周五前完成这项项目。
EN: Noun clauses starting with 'how'. The phrase 'how we use these powerful tools' acts as the object of the preposition 'about'.
中文: 由“how”引导的名词从句。短语“how we use these powerful tools”作介词“about”的宾语。
I don't know how he solved the problem.
我不知道他是如何解决那个问题的。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中: 人工智能,指由计算机系统模拟人类智能的技术。
在本文中: 提示词,指输入给 AI 系统的指令或问题。
在本文中: 自动化,指使用机器或技术代替人力完成工作的过程。
在本文中: 具竞争力的,指有能力与他人竞争并取得成功。
在本文中: 伦理、道德规范,指关于对错的原则。
在本文中: 隐私,指个人生活不被他人干扰或公开的状态。
在本文中: 偏见,指不公平的倾向或对特定群体的歧视。
在本文中: 负责任地,指以明智且考虑后果的方式行动。
在本文中: 不确定的,指未来情况不明确或难以预测。
在本文中: 例行的、常规的,指每天重复进行且通常较枯燥的工作。
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To continue to receive the most recent information about something.
保持消息灵通、随时掌握资讯
Information that is incorrect or untrue, often spread intentionally.
错误信息、假新闻
As an example.
例如、举例来说
To be used instead of something or someone else.
被...取代
To spend time and effort improving or developing something.
致力于、处理、制定
A specific input, instruction, or question provided to an AI model to guide its response.
提示词 / 指令
The process of using a large dataset to teach a machine learning model to recognize patterns.
(在数据上)进行训练
Systematic errors or unfairness in AI results caused by the data used to create the system.
(算法)偏误 / 偏差