EN： Apposition (同位語): A noun phrase placed next to another noun phrase to identify or explain it. In this sentence, 'also known as the FCC' is an appositive phrase modifying 'The Federal Communications Commission'. It is set off by commas because it provides non-essential, extra information.
中文： 同位语：将一个名词短语放在另一个名词短语旁边，用以说明或解释它。在本句中，“also known as the FCC”（又称为 FCC）是一个同位语短语，用来修饰“The Federal Communications Commission”（联邦通信委员会）。因为它提供的是非必要的补充信息，所以前后用逗号隔开。
Mr. Green, our English teacher, loves reading novels.
格林先生，我们的英文老师，非常喜欢读小说。
EN： Modal Verb 'may' (情態動詞 may): Used to express possibility or permission. In this context, 'may' indicates a strong possibility that the action (changing the rules) will happen in the near future.
中文： 情态动词“may”：用于表示可能性或许可。在此语境中，“may”表示该动作（修改规则）在不久的将来发生的可能性很高。
It may rain tomorrow, so you should bring an umbrella.
明天可能会下雨，所以你应该带把伞。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. Net neutrality and broadband pricing transparency are highly debated political and consumer issues in the U.S.
中文： FCC（美国联邦通信委员会）是一个受美国国会监督的独立政府机构。它负责监管全美各州际及国际的无线电、电视、电信、卫星和电缆通信。在美国，网络中立性（Net neutrality）和宽带定价透明度是一直以来备受争议的政治与消费者权益议题。
EN： The Present Perfect Passive Voice ('has been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time before now, focusing on the result or the receiver of the action (the vote) rather than who performed it.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（has been + 过去分词）用于描述在过去某个不特定时间已完成的动作，强调动作的承受者（投票）或其带来的结果，而非动作的执行者。
The meeting has been rescheduled for next Monday.
会议已被重新安排在下周一举行。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used here to mean 'concerning' or 'regarding' a specific topic (new regulations), linking the noun 'vote' to its subject matter.
中文： 介词“on”在此处表示“关于”或“针对”某个特定主题（新法规），将名词“vote（投票）”与其讨论的主题联系起来。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, ... modal + verb) is used to talk about possible future events and their realistic results. In this sentence, 'If the changes are approved' (present passive) leads to the potential result 'internet providers could be allowed' (modal of possibility + passive).
中文： 第一类条件句（If + 一般现在时，... 情态动词 + 动词原形）用于讨论未来可能发生的事件及其现实的结果。在本句中，“If the changes are approved”（现在时被动语态）引导出潜在的结果“internet providers could be allowed”（表示可能性的情态动词 + 被动语态）。
If the weather clears up, the outdoor concert could be held as scheduled.
如果天气转晴，户外音乐会可能会按计划举行。
EN： The passive voice construction 'be allowed to + verb' is used to show that permission is given to the subject. Here, 'could be allowed to share' means providers might receive permission to share less information.
中文： 被动语态结构“be allowed to + 动词”用于表示主语获得许可。在这里，“could be allowed to share”表示运营商可能会获得允许去分享较少的信息。
Employees will be allowed to work from home on Fridays.
员工将被允许在星期五居家办公。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency regarding hidden fees (often called 'junk fees') is a major political and regulatory topic. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are modeled after nutrition labels on food, designed to make complex pricing easy for everyday consumers to understand.
中文： 在美国，关于隐藏费用（通常被称为“垃圾费用”）的消费者透明度是一个重大的政治与监管议题。文中提到的“宽带消费者标签”是模仿食品上的营养成分表设计的，旨在让一般消费者能轻松理解复杂的定价结构。
EN： The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'list').
中文： 情态助动词“must”用于表示强烈的义务或必要性（必须）。其后接动词原形（在此句中为“list”）。
All employees must wear safety helmets inside the construction site.
所有员工在施工现场内必须配戴安全帽。
EN： The adverb 'separately' modifies the verb 'list', describing how the action should be performed (one by one, not combined).
中文： 副词“separately”（分别地、个别地）修饰动词“list”，用来描述该动作应该如何被执行（逐一列出，而非合并）。
The two issues should be discussed separately.
这两个问题应该分开讨论。
EN： The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned here are modeled after the nutrition labels found on food products in the United States. Introduced by the FCC, they are designed to help consumers easily compare prices, speeds, and data allowances of different internet plans without hidden fees.
中文： 这里提到的“宽带消费标签”（broadband consumer labels）是模仿美国食品上的“营养成分表”设计的。这是由美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）推出的政策，旨在帮助消费者轻松比较不同网络方案的价格、网速和流量限制，避免隐藏费用。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'were introduced' is the past simple passive, showing that the labels did not introduce themselves, but were introduced by someone else.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）：当动作本身或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时使用。在本句中，“were introduced”是过去简单式的被动语态，表示“这些标签”并非自己出现，而是被（政府）推行或引入的。
The new safety guidelines were implemented last month.
新的安全指引已于上个月开始实施。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The prepositional phrase starting with 'to' (to improve) is used to express the purpose or reason for an action, answering the question 'why?'.
中文： 不定式表目的（to + 动词原形）：以“to”开头的短语（to improve）用来表示某个动作的目的或原因，回答“为什么”的问题。
She saved money to buy a new laptop.
她存钱是为了买一台新笔记本电脑。
EN： The 'Biden administration' refers to the executive branch of the U.S. government under President Joe Biden, starting in January 2021. In the U.S., major policy shifts, including consumer protection regulations like 'broadband consumer labels' (modeled after nutrition labels on food), are often closely associated with the presidential administration during which they were enacted.
中文： “拜登政府 (Biden administration)”指的是自 2021 年 1 月起由总统乔·拜登领导的美国联邦政府行政部门。在美国，重大的政策转变（包括像仿照食品营养标示的“宽带消费标签”等消费者保护法规）通常与其颁布时的总统任期（政府）密切相关。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'help people understand' uses the bare infinitive 'understand'. Both structures are grammatically correct and carry the same meaning.
中文： 动词“help”（帮助）后面可以接宾语，再接不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）或带 to 的不定式。在本句中，“help people understand”使用的是动词原形“understand”。这两种结构在语法上都是正确的，且意思相同。
This software helps users organize their daily tasks.
这款软件帮助使用者规划他们的日常任务。
EN： The phrase 'what they are paying for' is a noun clause serving as the direct object of the verb 'understand'. It uses statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order, which is characteristic of indirect questions.
中文： 名词性从句“what they are paying for”作为动词“understand”的直接宾语。它使用陈述句语序（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句语序，这是间接疑问句的特征。
I want to know what you are looking for.
我想知道你在寻找什么。
EN： The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned here are modeled after the nutrition labels found on food products in the United States. This is a regulatory effort to make complex pricing, speeds, and data allowances easily understandable for average consumers, preventing hidden fees.
中文： 这里提到的“宽带消费标签”是模仿美国食品上的“营养成分表”设计的。这是一项监管举措，旨在让普通消费者容易理解复杂的资费、网速和流量限制，以防止运营商收取隐藏费用。
EN： The verb pattern 'allow someone to do something' is used to show permission or capability. 'Allow' is a transitive verb that takes an object (providers) followed by an infinitive with 'to' (to combine) as the object complement.
中文： 动词句型“allow someone to do something”（允许某人做某事）用于表示许可或赋予能力。其中“allow”为及物动词，后接宾语（providers），再接“to + 动词原形”（to combine）作为宾语补足语。
The new software allows users to edit videos more quickly.
这款新软件允许使用者更快速地剪辑视频。
EN： The phrasal verb pattern 'combine A into B' is used to describe bringing two or more things together to form a single entity or system.
中文： 短语动词句型“combine A into B”（将 A 合并/结合为 B）用于描述将两个或多个事物结合在一起，以形成一个单一的实体或系统。
The chef combined all the ingredients into a smooth paste.
主厨将所有原料混合成均匀的糊状物。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency in utility and internet billing has been a major political and regulatory issue. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are styled after the well-known FDA nutrition labels on food, designed to make complex pricing easy to understand at a glance. Changes to these rules often spark intense debate between consumer advocacy groups and major telecom corporations.
中文： 在美国，公用事业和网络账单的消费者透明度一直是一个主要的政治与监管议题。上下文中所提到的“宽带消费者标签”（broadband consumer labels）其设计灵感来自于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）著名的食品营养成分表，旨在让复杂的定价一目了然。这些规则的修改往往会引发消费者倡导团体与大型电信企业之间的激烈辩论。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'instead of' is used to indicate that one action or thing is replaced by another. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or a gerund (verb-ing). In this sentence, it is followed by the gerund 'listing'.
中文： 介词短语“instead of”（代替/与其……而不……）用于表示一个动作或事物被另一个所取代。其后必须接名词、代词或动名词（V-ing）。在本句中，它后面接的是动名词“listing”。
Instead of driving to work, she decided to walk for some exercise.
与其开车上班，她决定走路以顺便运动。
EN： The relative clause 'that covers all possible charges' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'total'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系子句“that covers all possible charges”是一个形容词从句，用来修饰名词“total”（总额）。关系代词“that”在该关系子句中担任主语的角色。
We need a system that tracks our daily expenses automatically.
我们需要一个能自动记录我们日常开销的系统。
EN： In the United States, 'hidden fees' on utility, internet, and phone bills have long been a source of consumer frustration. The term 'up to' is commonly used by service providers in marketing (e.g., 'speeds up to 100 Mbps') to legally protect themselves while setting high expectations, which is why regulatory changes regarding these terms are highly controversial.
中文： 在美国，公用事业、网络和电话账单上的“隐藏费用”长期以来一直是消费者不满的来源。服务商在营销中常用“up to”（最高/多达，例如“网速高达 100 Mbps”）一词，在法律上保护自己，同时又给消费者很高的预期。这也是为什么有关这些字眼的法规变更会引发高度争议。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two parallel grammatical elements (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.), emphasizing that both elements are included or true.
中文： 相关连词“both... and...”（两者皆...；既...又...）用于连接两个具备对等语法结构的成分（如名词、形容词、动词等），用以强调两者皆包含在内或皆为事实。
The program is designed to improve both reading and writing skills.
该计划旨在同时提升阅读与写作能力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate a preceding general category (in this case, 'other organizations').
中文： 介词短语“such as”（例如、像是）用于引出具体实例，以说明前面所提到的泛指类别（在此句中为“其他机构”）。
She loves outdoor activities, such as hiking and kayaking.
她热爱户外活动，例如徒步和皮划艇。
EN： In the United States, utility poles are often owned by local governments or private utility companies (like electric or telephone companies). Internet service providers must pay attachment fees to these owners to run their fiber-optic or coaxial cables. These complex infrastructure costs are sometimes passed down to consumers as hidden fees, which is a major point of debate in broadband pricing transparency.
中文： 在美国，电线杆通常由地方政府或私营公用事业公司（如电力或电话公司）所有。互联网服务提供商必须向这些所有者支付“附挂费”，才能架设其光纤或同轴电缆。这些复杂的网络基础设施成本有时会以隐藏费用的形式转嫁给消费者，这也是宽带定价透明度辩论中的一个主要焦点。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has said') is used here to report a recent statement or action that has relevance to the present situation. It connects a past action to the current news context.
中文： 现在完成时（has said）在此用于报道最近发生的声明或行动，且该行动与目前的状况有着密切关联，将过去的动作与现在的新闻背景链接起来。
The government has announced that the new tax law will take effect next year.
政府已经宣布新税法将于明年生效。
EN： The Noun Clause introduced by 'that' ('that this change would reduce...') acts as the direct object of the verb 'said'. It contains a complete sentence expressing the content of what was said. The modal verb 'would' is used instead of 'will' to maintain backshift of tenses in reported speech.
中文： 由“that”引导的名词性从句（that this change would reduce...）作为动词“said”的直接宾语。它包含一个完整的句子，用以表达所说的内容。这里使用助动词“would”而非“will”，是为了在间接引语中符合时态一致（时态后退）的原则。
She believed that the project would succeed.
她相信这个企划会成功。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. In the U.S., debates over broadband pricing transparency and 'junk fees' (hidden extra charges) are highly political, often shifting policies between Democratic and Republican administrations.
中文： FCC（美国联邦通信委员会）是受美国国会监督的独立政府机构，负责监管跨州和国际的无线电、电视、电信、卫星和电缆通信。在美国，关于宽带网络价格透明度与“垃圾费用”（隐藏的额外收费）的辩论具有高度政治性，政策往往会随着民主党和共和党政府的更迭而有所调整。
EN： The semi-modal verb 'have to' is used to express strong obligation or necessity, often coming from external rules or circumstances. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'create' and 'update').
中文： 半情态助动词“have to”（必须）用于表示强烈的义务或必要性，通常源于外部规则或客观环境。其后接动词原形（在此句中为“create”与“update”）。
Students have to wear uniforms on Mondays.
学生们在星期一必须穿制服。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of cause or reason, explaining why the action in the main clause ('have to create and update...') is necessary.
中文： 从属连词“because”（因为）引导原因状语从句，用以解释主句动作（“必须制作并更新……”）之所以必要的原因。
She stayed at home because it was raining heavily.
因为雨下得很大，所以她留在家里。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency regarding hidden fees (often called 'junk fees') has become a major political and regulatory issue. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are designed to look like the nutrition labels found on food products, helping consumers easily compare internet plans. The debate highlights the tension between consumer protection and the administrative burden on corporations.
中文： 在美国，关于隐藏费用（通常被称为“垃圾费用”）的消费者透明度已成为一个主要的政治和监管议题。背景中提到的“宽带消费者标签”旨在模仿食品上的“营养成分表”外观，以帮助消费者轻松比较不同的网络方案。这场辩论凸显了消费者保护与企业行政负担之间的紧张关系。
EN： The structure 'make + it + adjective + for someone + to-infinitive' uses 'it' as a dummy object (or preparatory object). The real object is the to-infinitive clause ('to manage...'), which is placed at the end because it is too long. 'For someone' indicates the subject of the infinitive action.
中文： 结构“make + it + 形容词 + for someone + 不定式”中，“it”作为形式宾语（或称先行宾语）。真正的宾语是后面的不定式从句（to manage...），因为长度较长而移至句尾。其中的“for someone”则用来表示该不定式动作的发出者。
The new software will make it easier for employees to complete their reports.
新软件将使员工更容易完成他们的报告。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to introduce the source of information, meaning 'as stated by' or 'on the authority of'. It is commonly followed by a noun or noun phrase.
中文： 介词短语“According to”（根据……）用于引出信息的来源，意思是“正如……所说”或“根据……的权威说法”，后面通常接名词或名词短语。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. Decisions made by the FCC often spark intense public debate regarding consumer rights and corporate interests.
中文： 联邦通信委员会（FCC）是受美国国会监督的独立政府机构，负责监管全美各州及国际间的无线电、电视、电信、卫星和电缆通信。FCC 的决策往往会在消费者权益与企业利益之间引发激烈的公众辩论。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past but has strong relevance or results in the present. In this sentence, 'have expressed' shows that their past expression of concern is still highly relevant to the ongoing discussion.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述发生在过去，但与现在有强烈关联或对现在产生影响的动作。在本句中，“have expressed”（已经表达）显示他们过去表达的担忧对目前正在进行的讨论仍具高度相关性。
Local residents have expressed concerns about the new highway project.
当地居民对新高速公路计划表达了担忧。
EN： The past participle used as an adjective. 'Proposed' is the past participle of the verb 'propose', and here it functions as an adjective modifying the noun 'changes' to indicate that the changes have been suggested or planned.
中文： 过去分词作形容词。“Proposed”是动词“propose”（提议）的过去分词，在此处作为形容词修饰名词“changes”（变更），表示这些变更是已被提议或规划的。
The proposed budget will be reviewed by the board tomorrow.
拟议的预算将于明天由董事会进行审查。
EN： In the United States, 'consumer advocates' or consumer watchdog groups play a significant role in public policy. They analyze government regulations and corporate policies to protect the public from unfair pricing, hidden fees, and monopolistic practices, often lobbying the FCC or FTC on behalf of everyday citizens.
中文： 在美国，“消费者倡议团体”（consumer advocates）或消费者监督组织在公共政策中扮演着重要角色。他们负责分析政府法规和企业政策，以保护大众免受不公平定价、隐藏费用和垄断行为的侵害，并经常代表一般民众向联邦通信委员会（FCC）或联邦贸易委员会（FTC）进行游说。
EN： The verb 'worry' is followed by a 'that' clause acting as the direct object, which expresses the cause or content of the worry. The word 'that' is often omitted in informal speech.
中文： 动词“worry”（担心）后面可以接由“that”引导的从句作为直接宾语，用来表达担心的内容或原因。在口语中，“that”经常会被省略。
She worries that the rain will ruin the outdoor wedding.
她担心下雨会毁了这场户外婚礼。
EN： The structure 'make + object + adjective' is used to describe causing a change in state. Here, 'make' is followed by the dummy object 'it', an adjective 'harder', and a real object in the form of an infinitive phrase 'for customers to understand...'.
中文： “make + 宾语 + 形容词”的结构用于描述引起状态的改变。在此句中，“make”后面接形式宾语“it”、形容词比较级“harder”（更难），以及由不定式短语组成的真正宾语“for customers to understand...”（对顾客来说去理解……）。
The new software makes it easier for employees to submit reports.
这套新软件让员工提交报告变得更容易。
EN： In the United States, consumer advocacy groups (like Consumer Reports or the FCC's own public advocates) play a significant role in policy-making. They often push for transparency in pricing, especially against 'hidden fees' or 'junk fees' which have become a major political and economic topic in recent years.
中文： 在美国，消费者倡议团体（如《消费者报告》或联邦通信委员会内部的公共倡议代表）在政策制定中扮演着重要角色。他们经常推动价格透明化，特别是针对近年来成为重大政治与经济议题的“隐藏费用”或“垃圾费用”进行抗争。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time: The sentence starts with a subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction 'when', which establishes the condition or time under which the main action occurs. In this clause, the passive voice 'are not listed' is used to show that the action is performed on the subject (fees).
中文： 时间状语从句：本句以连词“when”引导的从属从句开头，用于确立主要事件发生的条件或时间。在此从句中，使用了被动语态“are not listed”，表示该动作是施加在主语（fees）上。
When the store is closed, it is impossible to buy groceries.
当商店关门时，就无法购买杂货了。
EN： Preparatory 'It' (Dummy Subject): The pronoun 'it' acts as a dummy subject in the main clause, shifting the real subject—the infinitive phrase 'to compare prices...'—to the end of the sentence. This structure is commonly used to avoid top-heavy sentences when the subject is long.
中文： 形式主语“It”的用法：代词“it”在主句中充当形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式短语“to compare prices...”）移至句尾。当主语较长时，这种结构常用于避免句子显得头重脚轻。
It becomes easier to learn English with daily practice.
通过每日练习，学习英文会变得更容易。
EN： The passive voice structure 'is expected to + verb' is used to express what people believe or anticipate will happen in the future, especially in formal or news contexts where the agent (who expects it) is not specified.
中文： 被动语态结构“is expected to + 动词原形”用于表达人们对未来事情的预期或推测，特别常用于正式或新闻报道中，此时通常不需要明确指出是“谁”在期待。
The new product is expected to launch next spring.
这款新产品预计将于明年春天上市。
EN： The idiom 'to take place' is a common phrasal verb meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur', usually used for planned events rather than accidental occurrences.
中文： 短语“to take place”意为“举行”或“发生”，通常用于指“计划好的活动或事件”，而非意外发生的事情。
The graduation ceremony will take place in the main hall.
毕业典礼将在大礼堂举行。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 官方规章、条例，通常由政府或权威机构制定以进行管理
在本文中： （信息、程序等的）透明度、公开性，使人容易了解真相
在本文中： 将两件或多件事物结合、合并在一起
在本文中： 负担、重担，指令人感到辛苦或困难的责任或工作
在本文中： 有所不同、呈现差异
在本文中： （处理问题的）方式、方法
在本文中： 拥护者、倡导者，指公开支持某种观点或群体权益的人
在本文中： 提议、建议，指提出计划或想法供他人考虑
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
A standardized label required by the government that displays key information about internet service prices, speeds, and data allowances.
宽带消费者标签
To agree to participate in, receive, or use a service, course, or activity by writing one's name.
注册、订阅、报名（服务或活动）
To happen or occur, especially after being planned or arranged.
举行、发生