EN： Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has + been + V-ing): Used to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present moment, often emphasizing the duration or the ongoing nature of the feeling.
中文： 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + V-ing)：用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，通常强调该感受的持续性或过程。
I have been working on this project since morning.
我从早上就一直忙于这个项目。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The phrase 'to make an appointment' uses the infinitive form to explain the reason or purpose behind the main action (calling).
中文： 不定式作目的状语 (to + 动词)：'to make an appointment' 使用不定式形式来解释主要动作（打电话）背后的原因或目的。
She went to the store to buy some milk.
她去商店是为了买牛奶。
EN： In Western medical contexts, it is standard to address doctors by their title (Dr.) followed by their last name. Additionally, 'making an appointment' is a necessary step in most healthcare systems before seeing a physician.
中文： 在西方醫療情境中，通常會以職稱（Dr.）加上姓氏來稱呼醫生。此外，在大多數醫療體系中，「預約（make an appointment）」是看診前不可或缺的步驟。
EN： The Present Perfect Continuous tense ('what's been going on') is used to describe an action or situation that started in the past and is still continuing or has just finished, often focusing on the process or duration.
中文： 现在完成进行时（what's been going on）用于描述从过去开始并持续至今，或刚结束但对现在有影响的动作或状态，通常强调过程或持续性。
I've been working on this project all morning.
我整个上午都在忙这个项目。
EN： The phrase 'I'm glad (that)...' is an adjective complement structure used to express a feeling about a specific fact or event. The word 'that' is often omitted in spoken English.
中文： 「I'm glad (that)...」是一个形容词补语结构，用于表达对特定事实或事件的感受。在口语中，引导从句的 'that' 经常被省略。
I'm glad you liked the gift.
我很高兴你喜欢这份礼物。
EN： In Western medical culture, doctors often use friendly, informal openings like 'I'm glad you came in' to build rapport and reduce patient anxiety before starting the clinical assessment.
中文： 在西方醫療文化中，醫生常使用親切且非正式的開場白（如「很高興妳過來」），旨在建立醫病信任關係並減輕病患的焦慮感，隨後才進入臨床診斷。
EN： Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The word 'that' introduces a relative clause 'that started about five days ago' to provide more information about the noun 'sore throat'.
中文： 定语从句（形容词性从句）：单词 'that' 引导一个定语从句 'that started about five days ago'，用来补充说明名词 'sore throat'（喉咙痛）的具体细节。
I have a cough that won't go away.
我有一种一直好不了的咳嗽。
EN： The use of 'ago' with the Past Simple: 'Ago' is used to express how far back in the past something happened, and it is always paired with the past simple tense (started).
中文： Ago 与一般过去时的用法：'Ago' 用于表达某事发生在多久以前，且固定与一般过去时动词（如 started）连用。
The pain began two hours ago.
疼痛在两小时前开始。
EN： In medical contexts, patients are encouraged to be specific about the duration (e.g., 'five days ago') and nature (e.g., 'persistent') of their symptoms to help with accurate diagnosis.
中文： 在醫療情境中，醫護人員鼓勵病人具體說明症狀持續的時間（例如「五天前」）和性質（例如「持續性的」），這有助於醫生做出準確的診斷。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used here to describe a state or action that started in the past and continues to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）：此处用于描述从过去某个时间点开始，并持续到现在的状态或动作。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我在这座城市已经住了十年了。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'since then': 'Since' is used with a specific point in time to indicate the starting point of an action that is still ongoing.
中文： 介词短语 'since then'：'since' 与特定的时间点连用，表示一个持续至今的动作的起始点。
He lost his job last month and has been depressed since then.
他上个月失业了，从那以后就一直很沮丧。
EN： In medical contexts, 'mild' is a common way to describe symptoms that are noticeable but not severe. Using 'since then' helps doctors establish a clinical timeline for diagnosis.
中文： 在醫療情境中，'mild' 是描述症狀「輕微」的常用詞。使用 'since then' 能幫助醫生建立診斷所需的臨床時間線。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (hasn't improved) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present moment, emphasizing the current result.
中文： 现在完成时 (hasn't improved) 在此用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的状态，强调现在的状态或结果。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我在这座城市已经住了十年了。
EN： The phrase 'at all' is used in negative sentences to add emphasis, meaning 'in any way' or 'to any degree'.
中文： 短语 'at all' 用于否定句中以加强语气，意为“一点也不”或“完全不”。
He doesn't like spicy food at all.
他一点也不喜欢辣的食物。
EN： In Western medical consultations, patients often describe their symptoms chronologically using 'at first' to help doctors understand the progression of the illness.
中文： 在西方醫療諮詢中，病人經常使用 'at first' 按時間順序描述症狀，以幫助醫生了解病情的進展。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (Have + past participle): Used here to ask about experiences or symptoms that occurred at an unspecified time in the past up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时 (Have + 过去分词)：此处用于询问从过去某个不确定的时间点直到现在所发生的经验或症状。
Have you taken any medicine for your cough yet?
你已经吃过止咳药了吗？
EN： Prepositional Phrase 'along with': This phrase means 'in addition to' or 'together with', used to group related items or symptoms.
中文： 介词短语 'along with'：意为“除了……之外”或“连同……一起”，用于将相关的项目或症状归类在一起。
He had a runny nose along with a sore throat.
他除了嗓子痛之外还流鼻涕。
EN： In Western medical consultations, doctors often use open-ended questions followed by specific 'yes/no' questions about symptoms to rule out certain conditions. 'Chills' specifically refers to the feeling of coldness and shivering that often accompanies a fever.
中文： 在西方醫療諮詢中，醫生通常先問開放式問題，接著會針對特定症狀詢問「是非題」以排除某些疾病。'Chills' 特指伴隨發燒而來的寒顫或發冷感覺。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'since then' to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present moment, or to indicate that something has not happened during that period.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此与 'since then' 连用，用来描述从过去某个时间点开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或表示在那段期间内某事并未发生。
I haven't seen him since we graduated.
自从我们毕业后，我就没见过他了。
EN： The Past Simple Tense is used to describe a completed action at a specific time in the past (e.g., 'two nights ago').
中文： 一般过去时用于描述在过去特定时间点（例如“两天前”）已经完成的动作。
She had a headache yesterday morning.
她昨天早上头痛。
EN： In many English-speaking medical contexts, patients are expected to provide specific timelines (e.g., 'two nights ago') and quantify symptoms (e.g., 'slight fever') to help with diagnosis.
中文： 在英語醫療情境中，病患通常需要提供具體的時間線（如「兩天前」）並量化症狀（如「輕微發燒」），以協助醫生進行診斷。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and the base form of a verb (bare infinitive). It is used to express permission or a suggestion to perform an action.
中文： 使役动词 'let' 后接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。用于表达允许或提议执行某个动作。
Let me help you with those heavy bags.
让我帮你提那些重包吧。
EN： The phrase 'have a look at' is a common light verb construction where 'have' is paired with a noun to describe an action, making the tone more casual or polite than just saying 'look at'.
中文： 短语 'have a look at' 是一种常见的轻动词结构，将 'have' 与名词结合来描述动作，语气比单纯说 'look at' 更随意或客气。
Can I have a look at your photo album?
我可以看一下你的相册吗？
EN： In Western medical consultations, doctors often use 'Let me...' or 'I'm going to...' to narrate their actions before touching a patient. This is a way to respect personal space and ensure the patient is prepared for the physical examination.
中文： 在西方醫療諮詢中，醫生在觸碰病人之前，通常會使用 'Let me...' 或 'I'm going to...' 來敘述他們即將進行的動作。這是一種尊重個人空間並確保病人對身體檢查有所準備的做法。
EN： The preposition 'of' is used here to specify the measurement or value of the noun 'fever'. It connects a general category (fever) with its specific numerical value.
中文： 介词 "of" 在此处用于指定名词 "fever"（发烧）的具体测量值或数值。它将一个通用的类别与其具体的数值联系起来。
There is a weight limit of twenty kilograms for this suitcase.
这个行李箱有二十公斤的重量限制。
EN： The adjective 'mild' is used to describe a symptom or condition that is not severe or extreme. In medical contexts, it indicates the lower end of a scale.
中文： 形容词 "mild" 用于描述不严重或不极端的症状或状况。在医学语境中，它表示程度较轻。
He only has a mild headache, so he doesn't need medicine.
他只有轻微的头痛，所以不需要吃药。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, body temperature is measured in Celsius (like in this sentence), but in the United States, Fahrenheit is the standard. 37.8°C is approximately 100°F.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，體溫是以攝氏 (Celsius) 測量的（如本句所示），但在美國，華氏 (Fahrenheit) 才是標準單位。攝氏 37.8 度大約等於華氏 100 度。
EN： Non-restrictive relative clause: Using 'which' after a comma to refer to the entire preceding clause or idea, rather than just the noun immediately before it.
中文： 非限制性定语从句：在逗号后使用 'which' 来指代前面的整个句子或概念，而不只是紧邻的名词。
He passed the exam with high marks, which surprised everyone.
他以高分通过了考试，这让每个人都很惊讶。
EN： Modal verb 'could' for possibility: Used to express a tentative or possible conclusion based on current evidence.
中文： 情态动词 'could' 表示可能性：用于根据现有证据表达一种不确定或可能的推论。
The dark clouds could mean it's going to rain soon.
乌云可能意味着快要下雨了。
EN： In Western medical consultations, doctors often use tentative language like 'could' or 'might' before a definitive test is done to manage patient expectations and maintain professional accuracy.
中文： 在西方醫療諮詢中，醫生在進行確診測試前，通常會使用 'could' 或 'might' 等較不肯定的語氣，以管理病人的預期並保持專業的準確性。
EN： Linking Verbs (Copular Verbs): Verbs like 'sound', 'look', or 'feel' are followed by adjectives to describe the subject's state or quality rather than an action.
中文： 连系动词：像 'sound' (听起来)、'look' (看起来) 或 'feel' (感觉起来) 这类的动词，后面接形容词来描述主语的状态或特征，而非描述动作。
The plan sounds great to me.
这个计划对我来说听起来很棒。
EN： Modal Verb 'Could' for Possibility: 'Could' is used here to express a theoretical or potential possibility in the present or future, often used when asking for an opinion.
中文： 情态动词 'Could' 表示可能性：这里使用 'could' 来表达目前或未来理论上的潜在可能性，常用语询问他人意见时。
Could it be a mistake in the report?
这会是报告中的一个错误吗？
EN： In medical contexts, patients often use 'something serious' as a euphemism for chronic or life-threatening conditions. Doctors usually respond with evidence-based reassurance to manage patient anxiety.
中文： 在醫療情境中，病人常用 'something serious' (嚴重的狀況) 來委婉地指代慢性病或危及生命的疾病。醫生通常會根據觀察到的證據給予安撫，以緩解病人的焦慮。
EN： The use of 'wouldn't' (would not) here functions as a 'softener' to express a hypothetical opinion or a polite recommendation, making the doctor's statement sound less blunt and more reassuring.
中文： 这里使用 'wouldn't' (would not) 作为“语调缓冲”，用来表达假设性的意见或礼貌的建议，使医生的话听起来不那么生硬，更具安抚作用。
I wouldn't worry about the results until we see them.
在看到结果之前，我不会过于担心。
EN： The phrase 'Based on what...' uses a relative clause starting with 'what' (meaning 'the things that') to introduce the evidence or grounds for a conclusion.
中文： 短语 'Based on what...' 使用以 'what' 开头的定语从句（意为“……的事物”），用来引出结论的证据或根据。
Based on what you told me, I think you need some rest.
根据你告诉我的情况，我认为你需要休息。
EN： In Western medical culture, doctors often use tentative language (e.g., 'I wouldn't be too concerned', 'it looks like') before lab results are finalized to manage patient expectations and maintain professional caution, while still providing immediate reassurance.
中文： 在西方醫療文化中，醫生在實驗室結果最終確定前，常使用較委婉或不肯定的語言（如「我不會太擔心」、「看起來像」），以管理病人的預期並保持專業上的謹慎，同時仍提供即時的安撫。
EN： The phrase 'be going to' is used to express an intention or a planned action in the future, often based on current evidence or a decision already made.
中文： 「be going to」用于表达未来的意图或计划好的行动，通常是基于目前的证据或已经做出的决定。
I'm going to call the pharmacy to check if your medicine is ready.
我打算打个电话给药房，确认你的药是否准备好了。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to give advice or recommendations. In a medical context, it is frequently used by doctors to provide instructions to patients.
中文： 情态动词 "should" 用于给予建议或推荐。在医疗情境中，医生常用它来向患者提供医嘱。
You should drink plenty of water while taking this medication.
服用这种药物时，你应该多喝水。
EN： In Western medicine, doctors emphasize finishing the 'entire course' of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance, even if symptoms disappear early. This is a standard medical instruction.
中文： 在西方醫學中，醫生會強調必須完成「整個療程」的抗生素，以防止產生抗藥性，即使症狀提早消失也是如此。這是標準的醫療指示。
EN： The structure 'It is important that + subject + (should) + base verb' is a form of the Subjunctive Mood used to express necessity or urgency. In American English, the 'should' is typically omitted, leaving the verb in its base form.
中文： 句型 'It is important that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形' 是虚拟语气的一种用法，用来表达必要性或紧迫性。在美式英语中，'should' 通常会被省略，后方接动词原形。
It is essential that he arrive on time for the meeting.
他准时参加会议是至关重要的。
EN： 'Even if' is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a hypothetical situation or a fact that does not change the main outcome. It emphasizes that the result remains the same regardless of the condition.
中文： 'Even if'（即使/即便）是一个条件连词，用来引导一个假设情况或事实，且该情况不会改变主要结果。它强调无论条件如何，结果都保持不变。
I will go for a run even if it rains.
即使下雨，我还是会去跑步。
EN： In Western medicine, doctors strongly emphasize finishing the 'entire course' of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance. Patients are often reminded of this because many stop taking medication as soon as symptoms disappear, which can lead to the infection returning stronger.
中文： 在西方醫學中，醫生會強烈強調必須完成抗生素的「整個療程」，以防止產生抗藥性。患者經常被提醒這一點，因為許多人在症狀消失後就停止服藥，這可能導致感染以更強的形式復發。
EN： The phrase 'I should watch out for' is a relative clause (adjective clause) modifying the noun 'side effects'. In English, the relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is often omitted when it functions as the object of the clause.
中文： 短语 "I should watch out for" 是一个定语从句（形容词性从句），用来修饰名词 "side effects"。在英语中，当关系代词（如 that 或 which）在从句中担任宾语时，通常可以省略。
Is there any specific food I should avoid?
有任何我应该避免的特定食物吗？
EN： The phrasal verb 'watch out for' means to be alert and remain vigilant to notice something, typically something dangerous or unpleasant.
中文： 短语动词 "watch out for" 意为“留意”或“警惕”，通常用于提醒注意可能出现的危险或令人不适的情况。
You need to watch out for ice on the roads.
你需要留意路面上的结冰。
EN： In Western medical consultations, patients are encouraged to be proactive and ask about side effects or insurance coverage. It is considered a normal part of 'informed consent' and patient autonomy.
中文： 在西方醫療諮詢中，鼓勵病人主動詢問副作用或保險給付範圍。這被視為「知情同意」和病人自主權的正常組成部分。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'taking' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). In this sentence, the entire phrase 'taking the medicine after eating' serves as the subject of the second clause.
中文： 动名词作主语：单词 'taking' 是一个动名词（动词 + -ing 用作名词）。在本句中，整个短语 'taking the medicine after eating' 用作第二个从句的主语。
Exercising regularly is essential for maintaining good health.
规律运动对于保持健康至关重要。
EN： Modal Verb 'Should' for Expectation: 'Should' is used here to express a probable outcome or expectation based on medical knowledge, rather than an obligation.
中文： 情态动词 'Should' 表示预期：这里的 'should' 用于根据医学知识表达可能的结果或预期，而非表示义务或责任。
This new software should solve the compatibility issues.
这款新软件应该能解决兼容性问题。
EN： In Western medicine, doctors often provide specific instructions on whether to take medication with food. 'After meals' is a common instruction to minimize gastric irritation, which is a standard part of patient counseling.
中文： 在西方醫學中，醫生通常會針對是否隨餐服藥提供具體指示。「飯後服用」是常見的醫囑，旨在減少對胃部的刺激，這是病人諮詢中的標準環節。
EN： Passive Voice in Future Tense: The structure 'will be + past participle' is used to describe an action that will happen to the subject in the future. Here, 'be covered' indicates the insurance will pay for the costs.
中文： 一般将来时的被动语态：结构为“will be + 过去分词”，用于描述将来将发生在主语身上的动作。在此处，“be covered”表示保险将支付相关费用。
The repair costs will be covered by the warranty.
维修费用将由保修承担。
EN： Compound Subject: When two or more nouns (this visit and the prescription) act as the subject of a single verb, they are joined by a conjunction like 'and'.
中文： 复合并列主语：当两个或多个名词（这次看诊与处方）共同担任同一个动词的主语时，会使用像 'and' 这样的连词来连接。
The hotel and the flight are included in the package.
酒店和机票都包含在套餐行程中。
EN： In many English-speaking countries like the US, healthcare costs vary significantly depending on insurance plans. It is common and necessary for patients to clarify coverage for visits and medications to avoid unexpected bills.
中文： 在許多英語系國家（如美國），醫療費用因保險計畫而異。病人詢問看診和藥物是否包含在保險範圍內是非常普遍且必要的，以避免收到意料之外的帳單。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used here to indicate that the subjects (consultations and medications) are receiving the action of being 'covered' by the insurance plan.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词)：此处用于表示主体（咨询与药物）正接受保险计划“报销/包含”的动作。
The repair costs are covered by the warranty.
维修费用由保修承担。
EN： Compound Subject: When two or more nouns (consultations and medications) act together as the subject of the sentence, requiring a plural verb form ('are').
中文： 复合并列主语：当两个或多个名词（咨询与药物）共同担任句子的主语时，需要使用复数谓语动词（are）。
Both the hotel and the flight are booked.
酒店和机票都订好了。
EN： In many English-speaking countries like the US, healthcare costs are high, so patients frequently ask if specific treatments or medications are 'covered' by their private or employer-provided insurance plans.
中文： 在許多英語系國家（如美國），醫療費用昂貴，因此病患經常會詢問特定的治療或藥物是否包含在（covered）其私人或雇主提供的保險計畫中。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or to give a polite suggestion/instruction in a professional setting.
中文： 情态动词 'can' 在此处用于表达可能性，或在专业场合中提供礼貌性的建议或指示。
You can find the application forms on our website.
您可以在我们的网站上找到申请表。
EN： The phrase 'on your way out' is an adverbial phrase of time, meaning 'while you are leaving'. It uses the possessive adjective 'your' to match the subject.
中文： 短语 'on your way out' 方案是一个时间副词短语，意思是“在您离开的时候”。它使用物主代词 'your' 来与主语保持一致。
Please turn off the lights on your way out.
离开时请随手关灯。
EN： In Western medical practices, the doctor focuses on the diagnosis, while administrative tasks like payment and scheduling are handled by the 'receptionist' at the front desk as you exit.
中文： 在西方醫療體系中，醫生專注於診斷，而繳費、預約等行政事務通常是在離開時由門口處的「櫃檯人員」(receptionist) 處理。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate the reason for gratitude. When followed by a verb, it must be in the gerund form (-ing).
中文： 介词 "for" 在此处用于表示感谢的原因。当后面接动词时，必须使用动名词形式（-ing）。
Thank you for helping me with my homework.
谢谢你帮我做作业。
EN： Adverbs of manner (like 'clearly') are used to describe how an action is performed. They often follow the object of the sentence.
中文： 方式副词（如 "clearly"）用于描述动作进行的方式。它们通常放在句子的宾语之后。
She speaks English very fluently.
她英语说得很流利。
EN： In Western medical contexts, it is common and polite to address doctors as 'Dr. [Last Name]'. Expressing relief and gratitude after a diagnosis helps build a positive rapport between the patient and the healthcare provider.
中文： 在西方醫療情境中，禮貌的稱呼方式是「Dr. + 姓氏」。在診斷後表達安心與感謝，有助於建立良好的醫病關係。
EN： The First Conditional (If + Present Perfect) is used here to describe a possible future condition that must be completed by a specific time (next week) before a certain action (scheduling an appointment) is taken.
中文： 第一类条件句（If + 现在完成时）在此用于描述在特定时间点（下周）之前必须完成的可能情况，以此作为采取后续行动（预约复诊）的条件。
If you haven't finished the report by tomorrow, please let me know.
如果你到明天还没完成报告，请让我知道。
EN： The Imperative Mood ('please schedule...') is used to give polite instructions or advice. In a medical context, it functions as a professional recommendation.
中文： 祈使句（please schedule...）用于给予礼貌的指示或建议。在医疗情境中，这代表专业的医嘱建议。
Please take this medicine after breakfast.
请在早餐后服用此药。
EN： In Western medical culture, 'follow-up appointments' are standard practice to ensure treatment effectiveness. Doctors often use the first conditional to empower patients to monitor their own symptoms.
中文： 在西方醫療文化中，「回診」(follow-up appointments) 是確保治療效果的標準做法。醫生經常使用第一類條件句來提醒病人自我監測症狀，並給予明確的後續行動指引。
EN： The verb 'hope' is often followed by an object clause (a noun clause) where the conjunction 'that' is omitted. In this structure, the present tense is commonly used to express a wish for the future.
中文： 动词 'hope' (希望) 后面经常接一个宾语从句（名词性从句），且连词 'that' 常被省略。在这种结构中，通常使用一般现在时来表达对未来的祝愿。
I hope you have a safe trip.
我希望你旅途平安。
EN： The word 'better' is the comparative form of the adjective 'well' (referring to health). When used with 'feel', it describes an improvement in physical or emotional state.
中文： 'better' 是形容词 'well'（指身体健康状况）的比较级。与 'feel' 连用时，用来描述身体或情绪状态的改善。
Do you feel better after taking the medicine?
吃药后你觉得好点了吗？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, 'I hope you feel better soon' or simply 'Get well soon' is the standard way to show empathy when someone is ill. It is used in both professional (like a doctor to a patient) and personal contexts.
中文： 在英語系國家，「I hope you feel better soon」或簡稱「Get well soon」是當某人生病時表達同理心的標準方式。這句話適用於專業場合（如醫生對病人）以及私人場合。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 预约；约诊
在本文中： 持续的；不断的
在本文中： 症状
在本文中： 肿胀的
在本文中： 表明；提示
在本文中： 感染
在本文中： 处方，药方
在本文中： 抗生素
在本文中： 不适感
在本文中： 咨询；就诊，问诊
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To arrange a specific time to meet someone, especially for professional services.
预约
To be careful or alert for something that might happen.
留意；注意
A subsequent meeting to check the progress of a previous treatment or discussion.
复诊；后续跟进预约
To be included in the costs that an insurance company will pay for.
受保险给付；在保险范围内
A small, solid piece of medicine, usually round or oval.
药锭 / 药片
A complete series of medical treatment or a period of medication.
疗程
Included as a benefit in an insurance policy, meaning the insurance company pays for it.
（保险）给付 / 承保
A specific insurance policy or set of benefits provided by an insurance company.
保险方案 / 投保计划