Everything you need to know about sugar – from how much you should consume, to some of its 50...ทุกสิ่งที่คุณต้องรู้เกี่ยวกับน้ำตาล – ตั้งแต่ปริมาณที่ควรบริโภค ไปจนถึง 50...
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EN: The infinitive 'to reduce' is used here as the direct object of the verb 'try'. The pattern 'try + to-infinitive' indicates making an effort to do something difficult.
She tried to learn Japanese before her trip to Tokyo.
เธอพยายามเรียนภาษาญี่ปุ่นก่อนเดินทางไปโตเกียว
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing contrast. A comma is placed before 'but' when it connects two complete sentences.
He wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
เขาอยากไปเดินเล่น แต่ฝนเริ่มตก
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action itself is more important than who performs it. Here, 'is added' emphasizes that sugar is put into products, while the manufacturers who add it are not mentioned.
New features are added to the app every month.
มีฟีเจอร์ใหม่ถูกเพิ่มเข้าไปในแอปพลิเคชันนี้ทุกเดือน
EN: Relative Clause with 'that': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun. In this sentence, 'that do not taste sweet' is a defining relative clause modifying the pronoun 'some' (referring to food and drink products).
I prefer to buy products that are made locally.
ฉันมักจะซื้อสินค้าที่ผลิตในท้องถิ่น
EN: Non-defining relative clauses with 'which' can be used to refer back to the entire previous clause, rather than just the noun preceding it. This is used to add a comment or state a result.
He passed the exam with perfect scores, which surprised everyone.
เขาสอบผ่านด้วยคะแนนเต็ม ซึ่งทำให้ทุกคนประหลาดใจ
EN: The structure 'make + it + adjective + for someone + to do something' uses 'it' as an empty preparatory object (dummy object). The real object is the infinitive phrase 'to do something' at the end.
The heavy rain made it difficult for us to arrive on time.
ฝนตกหนักทำให้เรามาถึงตรงเวลาได้ยาก
EN: Wh-questions with the verb 'to be' are formed by placing the question word (What) at the beginning, followed by the verb (is) and then the subject (sugar). 'Exactly' is an adverb used here to add emphasis, placed right after the question word.
So what exactly is the problem?
แล้วปัญหาที่แท้จริงคืออะไรกันแน่ล่ะ
EN: The word 'so' is used as a discourse marker at the beginning of a sentence to transition to a new topic or to introduce a question based on previous context.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') provide extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas, and 'which' cannot be replaced by 'that'.
My favorite coffee mug, which is made of ceramic, was a gift from my sister.
แก้วกาแฟใบโปรดของฉันเป็นของขวัญจากพี่สาว มันทำจากเซรามิก
EN: The passive voice 'is called' is used to state the name or term given to something. It consists of the verb 'to be' followed by the past participle 'called'.
This traditional Japanese dish is called sushi.
อาหารญี่ปุ่นแบบดั้งเดิมนี้เรียกว่าซูชิ
EN: The term 'table sugar' refers to the common white sugar found in households, chemically known as sucrose. In English-speaking countries, it is a staple in kitchens for sweetening coffee, tea, and baking, and is often distinguished from other natural sugars like fructose or lactose in nutritional contexts.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is made' is the present simple passive voice of 'make'.
This bread is made from organic wheat.
ขนมปังนี้ทำจากข้าวสาลีออร์แกนิก
EN: Preposition 'from' with 'made': 'Made from' is used when the original raw material is transformed into something completely different, and its original form is no longer recognizable.
Paper is made from wood.
กระดาษทำจากไม้
EN: The use of 'also' as an adverb to add information. It is typically placed after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb, and before main verbs.
She is also a talented musician.
เธอยังเป็นนักดนตรีที่มีความสามารถอีกด้วย
EN: Defining relative clause introduced by 'that'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that are found naturally in many foods', modifying the noun phrase 'simple carbohydrates'.
EN: The phrase 'be present in' is a common adjective pattern used to indicate that something exists or can be found within a particular place, substance, or group. 'Present' here acts as an adjective meaning 'existing or occurring now' or 'being in a specified place'.
Traces of ancient water are present in the soil of Mars.
ร่องรอยของน้ำโบราณมีอยู่ในดินของดาวอังคาร
EN: Compound subjects consist of two or more nouns or pronouns joined by a coordinating conjunction (usually 'and' or 'or'). When joined by 'and', the compound subject is plural and requires a plural verb (in this case, 'are').
Copper and iron are essential minerals for human health.
ทองแดงและเหล็กเป็นแร่ธาตุที่จำเป็นต่อสุขภาพของมนุษย์
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is found' indicates that lactose exists or can be located in dairy products.
Calcium is found in large amounts in milk.
นมมีแคลเซียมจำนวนมาก (แคลเซียมพบได้มากในนม)
EN: The preposition 'like' is used to introduce examples, meaning 'such as' or 'for example'. It is followed by nouns or noun phrases.
He enjoys outdoor sports like hiking and cycling.
เขาชอบกีฬากลางแจ้งอย่างเช่นการเดินป่าและการปั่นจักรยาน
EN: Yes/No Questions with the Verb 'Be': To form a question with the verb 'be' (am/is/are/was/were), we invert the subject and the verb. Instead of 'Subject + Be' (e.g., 'All sugar is bad...'), we use 'Be + Subject' (e.g., 'Is all sugar bad...').
Is this book interesting to you?
หนังสือเล่มนี้น่าสนใจสำหรับคุณไหม
EN: Adjective Phrase with 'bad for': The adjective 'bad' is commonly followed by the preposition 'for' to indicate the target or recipient of the negative effect (e.g., 'bad for your health', 'bad for the environment').
Smoking is bad for your lungs.
การสูบบุหรี่เป็นอันตรายต่อปอดของคุณ
EN: The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to indicate the source of information or an opinion. It is followed by a noun or noun phrase.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
ตามพยากรณ์อากาศ พรุ่งนี้ฝนจะตก
EN: The preposition 'in' is used here to define the location or source of the sugar, specifying that it is contained within 'whole foods' (unprocessed, natural foods).
The vitamins in fresh vegetables are good for your health.
วิตามินในผักสดมีประโยชน์ต่อสุขภาพของคุณ
EN: In Western health and wellness discourse, 'whole foods' refers to foods that are unprocessed and unrefined, or processed and refined as little as possible, before being consumed. This is distinct from the supermarket chain 'Whole Foods Market', though the chain's name is derived from this dietary concept.
EN: Apposition (Appositive Noun Phrase): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. In this sentence, 'a senior scientist at the British Nutrition Foundation' is an appositive that provides more information about the subject 'Sammie Gill'. It is set off by commas.
Mr. Green, a dedicated high school teacher, won the Educator of the Year award.
คุณกรีนเป็นครูมัธยมปลายที่ทุ่มเท เขาได้รับรางวัลครูแห่งปี
EN: Noun Clause as Direct Object: A dependent clause starting with 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'explained'. The word 'that' is a conjunction introducing the clause and does not have a grammatical role within the clause itself.
The doctor explained that regular exercise can improve sleep quality.
แพทย์อธิบายว่าการออกกำลังกายเป็นประจำสามารถปรับปรุงคุณภาพการนอนหลับได้
EN: The British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) is a registered charity in the UK that provides impartial, evidence-based information on food and nutrition. Referencing a scientist from such an institution adds significant authority and credibility to health-related claims in British media.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used here to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) to show addition or contrast. When connecting two independent clauses, a comma is typically placed before 'and'.
The sun is shining, and the birds are singing.
พระอาทิตย์ส่องแสง และนกก็ร้องเพลง
EN: The structure 'compare A to B' is used to look for similarities between two different things, or to suggest that they are in the same category. In this sentence, it is used in the negative ('cannot compare') to emphasize that fruit and sweets are completely different in value.
You cannot compare life in the city to life in the countryside.
คุณไม่สามารถเปรียบเทียบชีวิตในเมืองกับชีวิตในชนบทได้
EN: In British English, the word 'sweets' is commonly used to refer to what Americans call 'candy'. Since the speaker, Sammie Gill, is from the British Nutrition Foundation, she uses British terminology. Additionally, the spelling 'fibre' (as opposed to the American 'fiber') also reflects British English standards.
EN: Defining Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The clause 'that people should limit' is a relative clause modifying the noun phrase 'The sugar types'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the object of the verb 'limit' within the clause and can optionally be omitted in informal English.
The books that I bought yesterday are on the table.
หนังสือที่ฉันซื้อเมื่อวานอยู่บนโต๊ะ
EN: Passive Voice with 'be called': The structure 'are called' is the present simple passive voice of the verb 'call'. It is used to define or name something, focusing on the receiver of the action (the sugar types) rather than who is calling them.
The small islands near the coast are called archipelagos.
หมู่เกาะเล็กๆ นอกชายฝั่งเรียกว่าหมู่เกาะ
EN: The term 'free sugars' is a scientific classification widely used by health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO). It refers to monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods and drinks, as well as sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices, distinguishing them from 'intrinsic sugars' found in whole fruits and vegetables.
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice ('have been added'): This structure is used to describe an action that has been completed in the past but has relevance to the present, with the focus on the receiver of the action (sugars) rather than the doer.
These books have been written by local authors.
หนังสือเหล่านี้เขียนโดยนักเขียนท้องถิ่น
EN: Defining Relative Clause with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a clause that defines or restricts the noun 'sugars', specifying exactly which sugars are being referred to.
The rules that have been established by the school must be followed.
กฎที่โรงเรียนกำหนดไว้ต้องปฏิบัติตาม
EN: The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle' (are found). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'commonly' is an adverb placed between the auxiliary verb 'are' and the main verb 'found' to describe how frequently this occurs.
Microplastics are commonly found in marine environments.
ไมโครพลาสติกมักพบได้ในสภาพแวดล้อมทางทะเล
EN: When listing three or more items in English, commas are used to separate them, with a coordinating conjunction (like 'and') before the last item. The comma before 'and' is known as the Oxford comma (or serial comma), which helps clarify that the items are separate.
The recipe requires flour, sugar, butter, and eggs.
สูตรนี้ต้องใช้แป้ง น้ำตาล เนย และไข่
EN: In British English, 'biscuits' refers to what Americans call 'cookies' (sweet, flat, baked treats). In American English, 'biscuits' are soft, savory quick breads often served with gravy. Since this text features a British scientist, the British meaning (cookies) is intended here.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are released' shows that the natural sugars undergo the action of being released during the juicing process.
Many nutrients are destroyed when vegetables are overcooked.
เมื่อผักถูกต้มนานเกินไป สารอาหารจำนวนมากจะถูกทำลาย
EN: Adverbial Clause of Reason (introduced by 'because'): A subordinate clause that explains the cause or reason for the action in the main clause. It answers the question 'why?'.
She avoids drinking soda because it contains too much sugar.
เธอไม่ดื่มน้ำอัดลมเพราะมันมีน้ำตาลมากเกินไป
EN: The present perfect tense ('have wondered') is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to be relevant in the present. The adverb 'also' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle 'wondered'.
Scientists have also researched the long-term effects of these ingredients.
นักวิทยาศาสตร์ได้ศึกษาผลกระทบระยะยาวของส่วนผสมเหล่านี้ด้วยเช่นกัน
EN: The prepositional phrase 'as an alternative to' is used to introduce a substitute or replacement for something. 'Alternative' acts as a noun here, followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate what is being replaced.
Many people use honey as an alternative to white sugar.
หลายคนใช้น้ำผึ้งเป็นทางเลือกแทนน้ำตาลทรายขาว
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice (have/has been + past participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the present, where the focus is on the receiver of the action (these products) rather than the doer.
These books have been kept in the library for decades.
หนังสือเหล่านี้ถูกเก็บรักษาไว้ในห้องสมุดเป็นเวลาหลายสิบปี
EN: The preposition 'for' followed by a period of time (e.g., 'for many years') is used with the present perfect tense to indicate the duration of an action or state from the past up to the present.
She has lived in this apartment for five years.
เธออาศัยอยู่ในอพาร์ตเมนต์นี้มาห้าปีแล้ว
EN: In Western food culture, 'diet drinks' (often containing artificial sweeteners like aspartame or sucralose) and 'low-calorie foods' have been highly popular since the late 20th century due to growing health awareness. However, the debate over their long-term health effects remains a prominent topic in public health discussions.
EN: The linking verb 'remain' is used to describe a state that continues to exist without changing. It is often followed by an adjective or a past participle functioning as an adjective (such as 'divided') to describe the subject.
Despite the challenges, the team remains optimistic about the project's success.
แม้จะเผชิญกับความท้าทาย ทีมงานยังคงมองโลกในแง่ดีเกี่ยวกับความสำเร็จของโครงการ
EN: The preposition 'among' is used when referring to relations or distribution within a group of three or more people or things (in this case, 'scientists').
The decision caused a lot of discussion among the members.
การตัดสินใจครั้งนี้ก่อให้เกิดการถกเถียงกันมากมายในหมู่สมาชิก
EN: The verb 'recommend' is followed by a 'that' clause expressing a recommendation or suggestion. In English, this structure often uses the subjunctive mood, where the verb in the 'that' clause is in its base form (e.g., 'people focus', not 'people focuses' or 'people focused').
The doctor recommended that he take a few days off from work.
แพทย์แนะนำให้เขาลาหยุดสองสามวันเพื่อพักผ่อน
EN: Parallel structure with gerunds. The preposition 'on' is followed by two gerunds (-ing forms) connected by the conjunction 'and': 'eating...' and 'reducing...'. Both actions must share the same grammatical form to maintain balance.
She is interested in learning new languages and traveling to different countries.
เธอสนใจในการเรียนรู้ภาษาใหม่และการท่องเที่ยวไปยังประเทศต่างๆ
คำศัพท์สำคัญพร้อมการออกเสียง IPA คำนิยาม ประโยคตัวอย่าง และแบบทดสอบแบบโต้ตอบ
ในบริบท: ลด ลดลง (ปริมาณ ราคา ขนาด ฯลฯ)
ในบริบท: ผู้บริโภค ลูกค้า
วลีพร้อมป้ายประเภท คำนิยามสองภาษา หมายเหตุการใช้ และประโยคตัวอย่าง
Food that has been processed or refined as little as possible and is free from additives or other artificial substances.
อาหารธรรมชาติ, อาหารที่ไม่ผ่านการแปรรูป
Sugars added to foods and drinks by the manufacturer, cook or consumer, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups and fruit juices.
น้ำตาลอิสระ, น้ำตาลที่เติมเพิ่ม
Synthetic sugar substitutes used to sweeten food and beverages.
สารให้ความหวานแทนน้ำตาล, สารให้ความหวานสังเคราะห์
To continue to have different opinions or disagree about something.
ความเห็นยังคงแตกแยก, ยังมีความเห็นไม่ตรงกัน