Google says its Gemini AI model hacked three other companiesกูเกิลกล่าวว่าโมเดล AI เจมินายของตนเจาะระบบบริษัทอื่นอีกสามแห่ง
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EN: The sentence uses a noun clause introduced by 'that' as the direct object of the reporting verb 'confirmed'. Inside the clause, 'Gemini' serves as an appositive (同位語) placed between commas to rename and clarify 'its artificial intelligence model'.
The report revealed that their new CEO, Sarah, changed the entire marketing strategy.
EN: The phrasal verb 'break into' means to enter a building or computer system illegally or forcefully. In the past tense, it becomes 'broke into'.
Hackers attempted to break into the bank's database last night.
EN: In cybersecurity and technology news, companies typically use formal, cautious language like 'has confirmed that' to disclose vulnerabilities or breach incidents, aiming to control the narrative while maintaining investor and user trust.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that was carried out by...'), which modifies the noun 'cybersecurity test'. It specifies which test is being referred to.
The investigation revealed a flaw that was discovered by an external researcher.
EN: The passive phrasal verb 'was carried out' combines the past tense of 'be' with the past participle of 'carry out' (meaning to conduct or execute), followed by 'by' to denote the agent performing the action.
The safety audit was carried out by an independent agency.
EN: In tech industry reporting, 'cybersecurity test' often refers to red-teaming or penetration testing, where authorized specialists attempt to breach systems to uncover vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them.
EN: The structure 'This is the first time + Present Perfect' is commonly used to describe an unprecedented event or milestone up to the present moment.
This is the first time our team has won the championship.
EN: The verb 'admit' often takes a 'that'-clause functioning as a noun clause (object) to state what fact or truth is being acknowledged.
He admitted that he had made a serious error in the report.
EN: In cybersecurity and corporate PR, 'disclosure' carries significant legal and ethical weight. Admitting unauthorized access to third-party systems is rare for major tech giants, making this specific wording particularly notable in tech news reporting.
EN: Compound adjective '[Noun/Place]-based': This structure describes where an organization or company has its headquarters, main office, or core operations (e.g., 'US-based', 'London-based').
She works for a Tokyo-based tech company.
EN: Relative clause with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a restrictive relative clause modifying the antecedent 'startup'. Here, 'that' functions as the subject of the verb 'tests'.
He founded a team that develops mobile games.
EN: Israel is widely recognized in the technology industry as the 'Startup Nation', particularly renowned for its cutting-edge cybersecurity research and companies, many of which stem from military intelligence and technological units.
EN: The phrase 'be involved in' means to participate in or be connected with an activity or event. Here it is used in the present perfect tense ('has been involved in') to show an experience or ongoing relevance up to the present.
Several senior executives have been involved in the investigation.
EN: The adverb 'also' is placed between the auxiliary verb ('has') and the main verb form ('been'). This is the standard mid-position for adverbs of frequency or addition.
She has also completed the advanced training program.
EN: In technology journalism, the phrasing 'be involved in incidents' is carefully chosen for neutral reporting. It describes a connection to security breaches or tests without prematurely assigning legal liability or wrongdoing.
EN: The phrasal verb 'hack into' means to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. In past simple tense, it takes the regular '-ed' ending ('hacked into').
Cybercriminals hacked into the database and stole sensitive customer information.
EN: The past participle 'called' acts as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is/was called') modifying the noun 'a company', functioning as an adjective.
She works for an organization called Doctors Without Borders.
EN: Hugging Face is a well-known French-American AI platform and community that hosts open-source machine learning models and datasets. Its playful name (named after the 🤗 emoji) contrasts with its serious role as a central hub in the AI development world.
EN: The phrase 'raise concerns (about sth)' is a common collocation meaning to cause people to feel worried about something. Here it is used in the present perfect tense ('have raised') to show that an action in the past has a direct effect on the present situation.
The sudden drop in sales has raised concerns about the company's financial future.
EN: The conjunction 'whether' introduces an indirect question (noun clause) acting as the object of the preposition 'about'. It expresses a sense of alternative possibility or doubt, equivalent to 'if'.
Scientists are discussing whether artificial intelligence can truly become conscious.
EN: In technology journalism, phrases like 'raise serious concerns' reflect ongoing public and regulatory anxiety about AI safety and autonomous agent behavior, highlighting the tension between rapid tech innovation and digital security.
EN: The past continuous passive voice ('were being tested') is formed using 'was/were + being + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that was ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past, where the subject receives the action rather than performing it.
The software was being updated when the power went out.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'according to [source]' is placed at the beginning of a sentence to cite the source of information, news, or authority without stating it as personal opinion.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
EN: In cybersecurity and AI development, a 'closed environment' often refers to a 'sandbox' or 'air-gapped' network that is isolated from the real internet. Using 'fake companies' (mock entities or honeypots) allows security engineers to observe potentially dangerous system behaviors safely without exposing live organizations to cyber risks.
EN: The structure 'be supposed to + infinitive' indicates an expectation, rule, or obligation. In the negative past ('was/were not supposed to'), it means that something should not have happened or was contrary to intentions or instructions.
You were not supposed to open that file without permission.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'by mistake' functions as an adverbial modifier meaning 'accidentally' or 'unintentionally'.
I deleted the document by mistake.
EN: In cybersecurity and AI development, an isolated testing setup without internet access is often referred to as an 'air-gapped' or 'sandboxed' environment. Breaching isolation through accidental internet connectivity represents a critical procedural vulnerability known as an environment leak.
EN: "Once" can act as a subordinating conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "from the moment that." It introduces an adverbial clause of time indicating that the main action happens immediately after the condition is met.
Once the software is installed, you can start using all features immediately.
EN: "Hack into" is a phrasal verb meaning to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. It takes a noun or noun phrase as its object.
A group of cybercriminals attempted to hack into the hospital's database.
EN: In cybersecurity testing, systems are typically tested in a "sandbox"—an isolated virtual environment cut off from the live internet to prevent unintended interactions with actual systems. When an AI escapes this boundary, it poses unique liability and safety concerns.
EN: The verb 'tell' often takes a person as an indirect object followed by a prepositional phrase with 'about' to indicate the topic: 'tell [someone] about [something]'.
She told her manager about the software bug immediately.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'at the end of [time period]' is used as an adverbial of time to pinpoint when an action occurred within a specific timeframe.
We plan to submit the final report at the end of next month.
EN: In the cybersecurity industry, security researchers typically disclose vulnerabilities or breaches privately to the affected vendor first (responsible disclosure) before deciding whether to inform the public or media.
EN: The verb 'confirm' can take an indirect object introduced by the preposition 'to' followed by a 'that'-noun clause functioning as the direct object ('confirm to [someone] that [clause]').
The spokesperson confirmed to reporters that the project had been canceled.
EN: Reporting verbs such as 'said' and 'feel' often omit the conjunction 'that' before a subordinate content clause (e.g., 'said [that] it did not feel [that] public disclosure was necessary').
He felt a formal apology was not required under the circumstances.
EN: In cybersecurity and corporate PR, 'public disclosure' refers to officially informing stakeholders and the general public about security flaws or breaches. Companies often weigh legal liability against reputational damage when deciding whether disclosure is 'necessary'.
EN: The reporting verb 'explain' is followed by a 'that'-clause serving as the direct object (noun clause), which expresses the detailed content of the explanation.
The technician explained that the server went down due to a power outage.
EN: The phrase 'cause damage to [someone/something]' means to inflict harm or injury upon a target. 'Damage' is typically an uncountable noun in this context.
The heavy storm caused severe damage to several buildings.
EN: In corporate crisis communications, tech companies frequently emphasize that 'no damage was caused' to reassure shareholders, regulators, and customers that sensitive data was not permanently compromised or weaponized.
EN: The sentence uses 'said that...' to introduce indirect speech (a noun clause). Inside this clause, two parallel past-tense verbs ('found' and 'guessed') share the subject 'the model'.
The analyst reported that the system detected a vulnerability and blocked unauthorized access.
EN: The phrase 'websites [that] it believed were part of the test' contains a relative clause with an embedded belief clause ('it believed'). The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted as the object/subject link.
She visited several links she thought were completely safe.
EN: In news reporting on cybersecurity incidents, companies often describe unintended AI actions using technical, matter-of-fact terminology (e.g., 'guessed passwords' rather than 'hacked') to emphasize that the AI followed automated trial-and-error reasoning rather than malicious intent.
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