EN: The Present Perfect tense ('has/have + past participle') is used here to report recent news or events that have relevance to the present. The verb 'set' has irregular past and participle forms: set - set - set.
Electric vehicle sales have reached a historic high this month.
EN: The collocation 'set a record' means to achieve a new best result or performance that has not been reached before. Modifiers like 'new' or 'world' often precede 'record'.
The athlete set a new record in the 100-meter sprint.
EN: Australia has one of the highest uptakes of household rooftop solar panels in the world, largely due to its vast sunlight and government renewable targets, making renewable energy records frequent news topics.
EN: Compound subjects consist of two or more nouns or noun phrases joined by a conjunction (like 'and'). Here, 'solar power' and 'wind generation' act together as the plural subject followed by the adverb 'together' to emphasize their combined effect.
Apples and oranges together provide a rich source of essential vitamins.
EN: Percentages followed by 'of + noun phrase' denote proportions of an amount or quantity (e.g., '80.4% of the electricity demand'). In such structures, the verb agrees with the true subject/quantity or the noun following 'of' depending on countability.
The company completed nearly 70% of the construction project before winter.
EN: Australia's 'main power grid' refers to the National Electricity Market (NEM), which spans across the eastern and southern states. Due to Australia's abundant sunshine, rooftop solar adoption per capita is among the highest in the world, frequently allowing renewables to set generation records.
EN: The verb 'mean' is followed by a 'that-clause' acting as the direct object (noun clause), explaining the implication or conclusion drawn from the subject.
The latest report indicates that global temperatures are continuing to rise.
EN: Past participle used as a post-positive modifier: 'used' comes after the noun phrase 'the total power' to describe the power that was consumed (short for 'which was used').
Please turn off all the equipment used during the experiment.
EN: Australia has historically relied heavily on coal and gas for base-load electricity generation. Reaching an 80% renewable share, even temporarily, is considered an extraordinary shift in the country's energy transition debate.
EN: The adverb 'alone' placed immediately after a noun phrase means 'only' or 'exclusively by themselves', emphasizing that nothing else was needed to achieve this result.
The ticket sales alone covered the entire cost of the event.
EN: The relative clause 'that was used on the national electricity market' is a defining (restrictive) relative clause modifying the noun 'power', introduced by the relative pronoun 'that' and using the passive voice ('was used').
He answered all questions that were asked during the interview.
EN: In Australia, residential rooftop solar has seen world-leading adoption rates, with over one in three freestanding homes equipped with solar panels. The 'National Electricity Market' (NEM) operates an interconnected power grid covering Australia's eastern and southern states, where small-scale rooftop solar has increasingly outpaced utility-scale fossil generators during midday hours.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used followed by a duration of time (e.g., 'for about 30 minutes') to indicate how long an action or state lasts.
We waited for about twenty minutes before the bus arrived.
EN: The preposition 'around' is used here to indicate an approximate point in time (e.g., 'around lunchtime' means approximately at lunchtime).
I will meet you around five o'clock.
EN: In solar energy generation, 'around lunchtime' (typically between 11:30 AM and 1:30 PM) represents peak solar irradiance when rooftop and utility-scale solar output reaches its maximum daily potential.
EN: A relative clause beginning with 'which' is used here to define and give essential information about the noun 'grid' (defining relative clause). Because 'grid' is a singular noun, the verb inside the relative clause takes third-person singular form ('supplies').
This is the pipeline which carries water to the desert region.
EN: Parallel structure in listing: When listing multiple items in a series ('the eastern states', 'South Australia', and 'the Australian Capital Territory'), items share the same grammatical role as direct objects of the verb 'supplies'. A comma is placed before the coordinating conjunction 'and' (known as the Oxford comma).
The company serves Tokyo, Osaka, and the surrounding prefectures.
EN: Australia's National Electricity Market (NEM) is one of the world's longest interconnected power systems, spanning around 5,000 kilometers along the eastern and southern coasts. Notably, Western Australia and the Northern Territory are not connected to this grid due to extreme geographical distances.
EN: The phrasal verb 'contribute to' means to be one of the causes of something or to help bring about a result. The preposition 'to' is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a base verb.
Regular exercise contributes to better cardiovascular health.
EN: When listing three or more items in a series, separate them with commas and place the coordinating conjunction 'and' before the last item (e.g., 'A, B, and C').
Apples, bananas, and oranges are available at the market.
EN: In English, large installations for renewable energy are called 'farms' (such as 'wind farms' and 'solar farms') because they occupy extensive tracts of rural land, similar to agricultural farms.
EN: Reported Speech with Past Backshift: When reporting statements using past tense verbs like 'said', the verbs in the subordinate clause shift back into past tenses (e.g., 'means' → 'meant', 'is powering' → 'was powering').
The scientist stated that the new technology was helping many communities.
EN: Comparative Construction 'more ... than ever before': Used to emphasize that the current degree or quantity of something exceeds any previous level in history.
The company produced more electric cars this year than ever before.
EN: In Australian politics, the energy portfolio is often titled 'Climate Change and Energy', underscoring the nation's rapid transition from traditional coal power to wind and solar resources.
EN: The reporting verb 'added' introduces a nominal 'that'-clause functioning as the direct object. Inside this noun clause, the modal verb 'should' expresses a reasonable expectation or probability rather than strict obligation.
The spokesperson added that prices should return to normal by next month.
EN: The conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason, explaining why the expectation is justified. The phrasal verb 'work on' means to spend time and effort improving or developing something.
We are confident because the team is working on innovative solutions.
EN: In modern climate policy discussions, 'energy transition' refers to the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy production (coal, oil, gas) to renewable, carbon-neutral sources like wind and solar. In Australia, this is a major subject of national public debate and policy planning.
EN: An 'appositive' is a noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'an energy systems researcher at the University of New South Wales' is an appositive set off by commas, describing who 'Doctor Dylan McConnell' is.
Professor Jane Smith, a leading climate scientist at Oxford, published a new paper.
EN: The pattern 'describe + [something] + as + [noun phrase/adjective]' is used to state what you think someone or something is like, or to give a particular characterization to it.
The manager described the new project as a major opportunity for the team.
EN: In news and academic reporting, experts are frequently introduced with their full academic title ('Doctor' or 'Professor'), followed immediately by an appositive clause specifying their specific discipline and institution. This establishes authority and credibility (ethos) for general readers.
EN: The verb 'explain' is followed by a noun clause introduced by the conjunction 'that'. The noun clause functions as the direct object of 'explained'. When the main clause is in the past tense ('explained'), the subordinate clause typically follows the sequence of tenses rule and uses a past tense verb ('created').
She mentioned that the heavy rain caused severe traffic delays.
EN: When a preposition like 'for' is followed by an action or activity, the verb must take the gerund form (-ing). Here, 'generating' is a gerund acting as the object of the preposition 'for'.
This equipment is designed for testing water quality.
EN: The conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason (subordinate clause), explaining the cause of the situation described in the main clause ('demand for electricity was low').
He walked to work because the bus was delayed.
EN: The phrase 'At the same time' is a transitional prepositional phrase functioning as a sentence adverbial, signaling that two events or conditions are occurring concurrently.
Prices increased; at the same time, wages remained stagnant.
EN: In energy grid management, periods of mild, sunny weather during spring or autumn are known as 'shoulder seasons'. Because neither air conditioning (cooling) nor heaters (heating) are heavily used, electricity demand reaches annual lows while solar generation is at its peak.
EN: The phrasal verb 'lead to' (past tense: 'led to') means to cause something to happen or to result in a particular outcome. It is followed by a noun, noun phrase, or gerund.
Hard work and dedication led to their eventual success.
EN: Compound adjectives can be formed by combining a noun with a present participle (noun + verb-ing), such as 'record-breaking'. These hyphenated adjectives describe a noun by highlighting an action it performs or embodies.
The athlete set a record-breaking time in the 100-meter race.
EN: The verb 'predict' is often followed by a that-clause functioning as the direct object. In reported speech or past narratives, the auxiliary verb 'would' is used instead of 'will' to express the future in the past (backshifting).
Scientists predicted that the storm would arrive by midnight.
EN: Here, 'last' is used as an intransitive verb meaning 'to continue in existence or keep state'. It is often paired with time expressions or adverbs such as 'long', 'two hours', or 'a week'.
The battery did not last very long during the cold weather.
EN: Indirect Speech with Modal Backshift: When reporting speech in the past tense ('He said'), the future auxiliary 'will' shifts back to 'would' in the that-clause (even when 'that' is omitted).
She said the flight would arrive on time.
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Auxiliary: The structure 'would + be + past participle (broken)' is used to focus on the action happening to the subject ('they', referring to the records) rather than who breaks them.
The problem will be solved soon.
EN: In everyday English, 'a couple of' strictly means two, but idiomatically it often means 'a few' (around two to three). In news and casual speech, 'in the next couple of weeks' is commonly used to indicate a near, relatively indefinite timeframe.
EN: The structure 'This is because...' introduces a clause that explains the cause or reason behind a previously mentioned statement or situation.
He was late for work; this is because the train was delayed.
EN: The present perfect continuous tense ('have been coming') indicates an ongoing action that started in the past and continues into the present, especially one happening repeatedly over time.
Several new features have been rolling out over the past few months.
EN: In energy, infrastructure, and technology industries, 'come online' is an idiomatic phrase meaning to become operational, connected, or ready to supply power/services. It does not literally mean browsing the internet.
EN: Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when': When describing a general fact, trend, or future condition, the dependent clause introduced by 'when' uses the simple present tense ('are added') rather than a future tense.
When new electric vehicles enter the market, charging demand increases.
EN: Passive Voice in subordinate clauses: 'are added' uses the passive structure (be + past participle) to emphasize the action received by the subject ('solar and wind farms') without needing to specify who performs the action.
When fresh ingredients are added to the soup, the flavor improves.
EN: In energy discussions, 'the grid' refers to the interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. In Australia, the 'National Electricity Market' (NEM) covers most eastern and southern states, making phrases like 'added to the grid' central to discussions about Australia's rapid renewable energy transition.
EN: The structure 'more [noun] than was needed' uses 'than' as a pseudo-relative pronoun introducing a comparative clause where the subject is omitted because it refers back to the noun being compared.
There was more food on the table than was necessary for the guests.
EN: Passive Voice in the Past Simple ('was stored') is formed with 'was/were + past participle'. It emphasizes the action and the object affected rather than who performed the action.
The harvested crops were stored in a dry warehouse.
EN: In countries with rapid renewable energy adoption like Australia, 'curtailment' (turning off generators when supply exceeds demand) or storing energy in big batteries and pumped hydro has become an essential topic in modern energy policy.
คำศัพท์สำคัญพร้อมการออกเสียง IPA คำนิยาม ประโยคตัวอย่าง และแบบทดสอบแบบโต้ตอบ
วลีพร้อมป้ายประเภท คำนิยามสองภาษา หมายเหตุการใช้ และประโยคตัวอย่าง
Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
Surpassing a previous best result or highest level.
To become operational, active, or connected to a system or network.
An interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.
To establish a new best or highest level of achievement.