Technology EthicsEtika Teknologi
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EN: Use the Present Simple tense for habits or things that happen regularly. 'Every day' is a common time expression used at the end of these sentences.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan Present Simple tense untuk tabiat atau perkara yang berlaku secara kerap. "Every day" ialah kata keterangan masa yang biasa untuk ayat sebegini dan biasanya diletakkan di akhir ayat.
I drink coffee every day.
Saya minum kopi setiap hari.
EN: In modern English, 'technology' often refers specifically to digital tools and the internet, reflecting how central these have become to daily life.
EN: When listing three or more actions, use commas between the first items and 'and' before the last item.
Bahasa Melayu: Apabila menyenaraikan tiga atau lebih tindakan, gunakan tanda koma di antara barangan terawal dan tambah 'and' sebelum barangan terakhir.
I eat breakfast, drink coffee, and go to work.
Saya makan sarapan, minum kopi, dan kemudian pergi bekerja.
EN: To ask a question with a regular verb like 'think', we put 'do' or 'does' at the beginning of the sentence before the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Untuk bertanyakan soalan menggunakan kata kerja biasa seperti 'think', kita meletakkan kata kerja bantu 'do' atau 'does' di hadapan subjek.
Do you like this book?
Adakah anda menyukai buku ini?
EN: In Western digital culture, 'privacy' is a major topic of debate, especially regarding how much information big tech companies should be allowed to know about users.
EN: Use 'Every time' at the beginning of a sentence to mean 'whenever' something happens. It connects two actions that happen together repeatedly.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "Every time" di awal ayat untuk membawa maksud "setiap kali" sesuatu berlaku. Ia digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua tindakan yang kerap berlaku bersama.
Every time I go to the park, I see a dog.
Setiap kali saya pergi ke taman, saya melihat seekor anjing.
EN: In modern digital discussions, 'data' is often treated as a singular mass noun in common speech (like 'water'), even though it is technically plural in formal academic contexts.
EN: Using 'and' to list items: When listing three or more things, use commas between the items and put 'and' before the last one.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan 'and' untuk menyenaraikan item: Apabila menyenaraikan tiga atau lebih perkara, gunakan tanda koma di antara item dan tambah 'and' sebelum item terakhir.
I like apples, bananas, and oranges.
Saya suka epal, pisang, dan oren.
EN: In digital privacy discussions, 'data' is often treated as a singular mass noun in everyday English, even though it is technically plural (singular: datum).
EN: Using 'be about + -ing' describes the purpose or main topic of something.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "be about + verb-ing" untuk menerangkan tujuan atau topik utama sesuatu perkara.
Learning English is about practicing every day.
Belajar Bahasa Inggeris adalah tentang berlatih setiap hari.
EN: In modern English, 'Technology ethics' is a growing field of study as people become more concerned about how AI and data collection affect their daily lives.
EN: Use 'Subject + is + Adjective' to describe the state or quality of something.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "Subject + is + Adjective" untuk menerangkan keadaan atau sifat sesuatu perkara.
Health is very important for everyone.
Kesihatan adalah sangat penting bagi setiap orang.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'privacy' is a broad concept covering personal space, data, and the right to be left alone. It is often considered a fundamental human right.
EN: The phrase 'ask for' is a phrasal verb used when you want someone to give you something.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'ask for' ialah kata kerja frasa yang digunakan apabila anda mahu seseorang memberikan sesuatu kepada anda, yang bermaksud "meminta" atau "memohon".
I ask for a glass of water.
Saya meminta segelas air.
EN: In the digital age, 'data' is often treated as a singular noun in everyday English (e.g., 'data is'), although in formal or scientific contexts, it is technically the plural of 'datum'.
EN: Use 'want to + verb' to talk about a desire or intention to do an action.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "want to + verb" untuk menyatakan keinginan atau hasrat melakukan sesuatu tindakan.
I want to eat pizza for dinner.
Saya mahu makan piza untuk makan malam.
EN: In the digital age, 'location services' is a common privacy setting on smartphones. Many users are becoming more cautious about which apps have access to this data.
EN: Use 'Other' followed by a plural noun to talk about additional things or people of the same type.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "Other" diikuti dengan kata nama jamak untuk menerangkan benda atau orang lain daripada jenis yang sama.
Other students like music.
Murid-murid lain menyukai muzik.
EN: In the digital age, 'apps' is the common short form for 'applications'. Privacy concerns regarding app permissions are a major global topic.
EN: The word 'without' is a preposition. When we use a verb after it, we must add '-ing' to the verb (gerund). It means not doing something while doing another action.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'without' ialah kata sendi nama. Apabila kita menggunakan kata kerja selepasnya, kita mesti menambah '-ing' (gerund). Ini menunjukkan bahawa semasa melakukan sesuatu, satu lagi tindakan "tidak" dilakukan.
He left the room without saying goodbye.
Dia meninggalkan bilik itu tanpa mengucapkan selamat tinggal.
EN: This sentence refers to 'Terms of Service' fatigue. In digital culture, it is very common for users to skip reading long legal documents before using an app, which is a major concern for privacy advocates.
EN: Use 'can be' to talk about a possibility or a potential situation that might happen.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "can be" untuk membincangkan tentang kemungkinan atau situasi potensi yang mungkin berlaku.
Eating too much sugar can be bad for your teeth.
Makan terlalu banyak gula boleh memudaratkan gigi anda.
EN: In modern digital culture, 'privacy' is a major topic of discussion. Western cultures often emphasize individual data ownership and the right to be forgotten (GDPR).
EN: Use 'part of' to describe something that is a piece or a member of a larger group or situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "part of" untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang merupakan sebahagian atau ahli daripada kumpulan atau situasi yang lebih besar.
Music is part of my morning routine.
Muzik ialah sebahagian daripada rutin pagi saya.
EN: In modern English, 'Artificial Intelligence' is very commonly abbreviated as 'AI' in both speaking and writing.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then another verb in its base form (without 'to'). The pattern is: help + someone + do something.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "help" boleh diikuti oleh objek dan kemudian kata kerja lain dalam bentuk kata dasar. Polanya ialah: help + seseorang + buat sesuatu.
She helps her brother finish his homework.
Dia membantu adik lelakinya menyiapkan kerja sekolah.
EN: In modern English, 'AI' is commonly used as a noun to refer to Artificial Intelligence technology in general, often without an article when discussing it as a field or capability.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then another verb in its base form (without 'to').
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "help" boleh diikuti oleh objek dan kemudian terus diikuti oleh kata kerja lain dalam bentuk kata dasar.
Music helps me relax.
Muzik membantu saya berehat.
EN: In modern education, 'AI' (the 'It' in this sentence) is increasingly seen as a supportive tool for personalized learning rather than a replacement for teachers.
EN: The word 'can' is used here to talk about a possibility or something that sometimes happens.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'can' digunakan di sini untuk membincangkan tentang kemungkinan atau sesuatu yang kadang-kadang berlaku.
The weather can be very cold in winter.
Cuaca pada musim sejuk mungkin menjadi sangat sejuk.
EN: In English, 'AI' is commonly used as an abbreviation for Artificial Intelligence, even in formal contexts.
EN: Adverbs of frequency (like 'sometimes') tell us how often something happens. They can be placed at the very beginning of a sentence to emphasize the timing.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan kekerapan (seperti 'sometimes') memberitahu kita seberapa kerap sesuatu itu berlaku. Ia boleh diletakkan di paling awal ayat untuk memberi penekanan pada waktu ia berlaku.
Sometimes I drink tea in the morning.
Kadang-kadang saya minum teh pada waktu pagi.
EN: In modern technology discussions, 'AI bias' is a major topic. This sentence refers to how algorithms can sometimes reflect human prejudices.
EN: The word 'may' is used to talk about something that is possible but not certain.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'may' digunakan untuk membincangkan sesuatu yang mungkin berlaku tetapi belum pasti.
It may rain tomorrow.
Esok mungkin akan hujan.
EN: In technology ethics discussions, 'algorithmic bias' is a common topic. This sentence refers to how AI might treat people differently based on data, which is a major concern in modern society.
EN: Use 'This is not' to say that something is incorrect or wrong in its current state.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "This is not" untuk menyatakan bahawa sesuatu itu tidak betul atau salah dalam keadaannya yang sedia ada.
This is not a good idea.
Ini bukannya satu idea yang baik.
EN: In English, 'ethics' is often treated as a singular concept even though it ends in 's'. It refers to the moral principles that govern a person's behavior.
EN: Present Continuous Tense (be + verb-ing) is used to describe actions happening right now or current trends.
Bahasa Melayu: Present Continuous Tense (be + verb-ing) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang sedang berlaku sekarang atau trend semasa.
The company is making a new app.
Syarikat ini sedang membangunkan sebuah aplikasi baharu.
EN: In modern English, 'data' is often used as an uncountable noun (like water), even though it was originally the plural of 'datum'.
EN: We use 'be called' to give a name or title to something. It is a passive form, meaning the subject receives the name.
Bahasa Melayu: Kita menggunakan "be called" untuk memberikan nama atau gelaran kepada sesuatu. Ini ialah bentuk pasif, yang bermaksud subjek itu "dipanggil" dengan nama tertentu.
This fruit is called a mango.
Buah ini dipanggil mangga.
EN: In legal and tech contexts, 'regulation' is a formal word for rules made by a government, such as the GDPR mentioned in the text.
EN: Use 'called' after a noun to give its specific name or title without starting a new sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "called" selepas kata nama untuk memberikan nama spesifik atau tajuknya tanpa perlu memulakan ayat baharu.
I have a dog called Buddy.
Saya ada seekor anjing bernama Buddy.
EN: GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. It is one of the strictest privacy laws in the world and has influenced how websites globally handle personal information.
EN: The word 'before' is used to show that one action happens earlier than another. When followed by a verb ending in '-ing', it describes what happens after the first action.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'before' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa satu tindakan berlaku lebih awal daripada tindakan yang lain. Apabila diikuti oleh bentuk kata kerja '-ing', ia menerangkan perkara yang berlaku selepas tindakan utama.
Wash your hands before eating dinner.
Basuh tangan anda sebelum makan malam.
EN: In modern digital contexts, 'regulation' often refers to laws like the GDPR in Europe, which have changed how companies worldwide handle personal information. Using 'says' to describe what a law requires is a common, natural way to speak in English.
EN: Use 'ask + someone + to + verb' to tell someone what you want them to do.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "ask + seseorang + to + verb" untuk memberitahu seseorang apa yang anda mahu mereka lakukan.
I ask my friend to help me.
Saya meminta rakan saya untuk membantu saya.
EN: In many Western countries, data privacy is a legal right. Laws like GDPR give individuals the power to control their digital information.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by another verb in its base form (without 'to') or with 'to'. Both 'help protect' and 'help to protect' are correct.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "help" boleh diikuti terus oleh kata kerja lain dalam bentuk kata dasar (tanpa "to"), atau diikuti oleh "to + kata kerja dasar". Kedua-dua "help protect" dan "help to protect" adalah betul.
Exercise helps keep your body healthy.
Bersenam membantu menjaga kesihatan badan.
EN: In the context of technology, 'digital rights' refers to the human rights that allow individuals to access, use, create, and publish digital media or to access and use computers and other electronic devices.
EN: Use 'can' + 'do' to ask about possibilities or actions that are possible to take.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "can" + "do" untuk bertanyakan tentang kemungkinan atau tindakan yang boleh diambil.
What can we eat for dinner?
Apa yang kita boleh makan untuk makan malam?
EN: Use 'before' to show the order of two actions. The action after 'before' happens second.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan 'before' untuk menunjukkan urutan dua tindakan. Tindakan selepas 'before' berlaku kemudian.
Wash your hands before you eat.
Basuh tangan anda sebelum makan.
EN: In digital contexts, 'the rules' usually refers to 'Terms and Conditions'. Many English speakers jokingly admit they never read them, but this sentence emphasizes the importance of digital safety.
EN: This sentence uses the 'Imperative Mood' to give instructions or advice. It starts directly with a verb (use) and the subject 'you' is understood but not written.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan "Imperative Mood" (Ragam Perintah) untuk memberikan arahan atau nasihat. Ia bermula terus dengan kata kerja (use), dan subjek "you" telah digugurkan.
Drink plenty of water every day.
Minum air yang secukupnya setiap hari.
EN: In digital safety discussions, 'strong passwords' usually refers to a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols to prevent hacking.
EN: Use 'do not' (or 'don't') before a verb to give a negative command or instruction.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "do not" (atau bentuk singkatan "don't") sebelum kata kerja untuk memberikan perintah atau arahan negatif, yang memberitahu seseorang supaya "jangan" melakukan sesuatu.
Do not open the window.
Jangan buka tingkap.
EN: In digital safety discussions, 'personal data' is a common term used to describe any information that can identify you, such as your full name, phone number, or home address.
EN: Use 'will' followed by a base verb to talk about things that happen in the future or to make predictions.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "will" diikuti dengan kata kerja dasar untuk membincangkan perkara yang akan berlaku pada masa hadapan atau membuat ramalan.
The weather will be hot tomorrow.
Cuaca esok akan menjadi sangat panas.
EN: Using 'with' to show the tools or conditions needed to do something.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan "with" untuk menunjukkan alat atau syarat yang diperlukan untuk melakukan sesuatu.
With a map, we can find the house easily.
Dengan adanya peta, kita boleh mencari rumah itu dengan mudah.
EN: In modern tech discussions, 'ethics' and 'regulation' are key terms. Ethics refers to doing what is right, while regulation refers to the official laws made by governments (like GDPR in Europe).
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Hak privasi, merujuk kepada hak individu untuk tidak diganggu atau kehidupan peribadinya didedahkan kepada umum.
Dalam konteks: Mengumpul, merujuk kepada tindakan mengumpulkan maklumat atau barangan secara sengaja bagi tujuan tertentu.
Dalam konteks: Etika atau piawaian moral, merujuk kepada prinsip tentang perkara yang betul dan salah.
Dalam konteks: Digital, merujuk kepada perkara yang berkaitan dengan komputer, internet, atau teknologi elektronik.
Dalam konteks: Kecerdasan buatan, merujuk kepada teknologi di mana sistem komputer meniru kecerdasan manusia.
Dalam konteks: Penyakit, merujuk kepada keadaan tubuh badan yang tidak sihat.
Dalam konteks: secara tidak adil, merujuk kepada tindakan melayan orang lain tanpa mengikut prinsip keadilan.
Dalam konteks: Peraturan atau pengurusan, merujuk kepada kaedah atau undang-undang rasmi yang ditetapkan.
Dalam konteks: Melindungi, merujuk kepada tindakan menjaga seseorang atau sesuatu daripada bahaya atau kerugian.
Dalam konteks: Padam, merujuk kepada tindakan mengalih keluar atau memadamkan data yang disimpan.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
Information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual.
data peribadi
To accept terms or conditions without examining the content first.
setuju tanpa membaca
Something that is integrated into a person's everyday routine.
sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian
Complex passwords that are difficult for others to guess or for computers to crack.
kata laluan yang kuat
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority, specifically regarding how companies handle data.
Peraturan / Kawal selia
The human rights and legal rights that allow individuals to access, use, create, and publish digital media.
Hak digital