The great Australian nightmare: how the housing crisis inspired a wave of brutal – and funny –...Mimpi ngeri besar Australia: bagaimana krisis perumahan mencetuskan gelombang kejam – dan melucukan –...
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EN: Present Continuous Tense: Formed with 'be' + verb-ing, it describes an action happening right now or a current trend.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini berterusan: Dibentuk dengan 'be' + kata kerja -ing, ia menggambarkan trend yang sedang berlaku atau berterusan pada masa kini.
The cost of living is rising quickly this year.
Kos sara hidup tahun ini sedang meningkat dengan cepat.
EN: Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'have/has' + past participle, it connects the past to the present, often indicating a completed action with current relevance.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna: Dibentuk dengan 'have/has' + partisipel lampau (P.P.), ia menghubungkan masa lalu dengan masa kini, biasanya menunjukkan tindakan yang telah selesai tetapi masih memberi kesan kepada masa kini.
Technology has changed the way we communicate.
Teknologi telah mengubah cara kita berkomunikasi.
EN: The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue characterized by high property prices and low rental availability, which has led to increased intergenerational tension as younger people find it harder to achieve financial independence.
EN: Present Perfect Passive (have/has + been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the result or the object receiving the action rather than who did it.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna pasif (have/has + been + past participle): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu yang tidak spesifik, dengan fokus pada hasil atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku.
Many new laws have been created to protect the environment.
Banyak undang-undang baharu telah digubal untuk melindungi alam sekitar.
EN: Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The phrase 'to explore' acts as an adverbial phrase explaining 'why' the films, books, and plays were created.
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif untuk tujuan (to + kata kerja): Frasa 'to explore' berfungsi sebagai frasa adverba untuk menjelaskan mengapa filem, buku, dan drama ini dicipta.
She saved money to buy a new house in Australia.
Dia menyimpan wang untuk membeli rumah baharu di Australia.
EN: The sentence reflects a real-world trend in Australia where the 'Great Australian Dream' of home ownership is becoming unattainable for many, leading to a surge in creative works that critique the economic divide between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z'.
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clause: Using ', which' provides extra information about a noun (in this case, 'a film called Birthright'). It is separated by a comma and does not limit the identity of the noun, but rather adds descriptive detail.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan pembatas: Penggunaan ', which' memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata pendahulu (di sini, 'sebuah filem yang dipanggil Birthright'). Penggunaan ini biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, dan tidak bertujuan untuk menghadkan skop kata nama, tetapi untuk menambah butiran deskriptif.
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
Dia membeli sebuah kereta baharu, yang menelan belanja yang besar.
EN: Present Participle as Adjective Phrase: The word 'struggling' is a present participle (-ing form) used to describe the 'young couple'. It functions like a shortened relative clause ('who are struggling').
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini sebagai frasa adjektif: Perkataan 'struggling' ialah partisipel kini (bentuk -ing) yang menerangkan 'young couple' (pasangan muda) yang disebut sebelumnya. Fungsinya serupa dengan klausa yang menggugurkan kata ganti relatif (iaitu who are struggling).
The woman sitting over there is my teacher.
Wanita yang duduk di sana ialah guru saya.
EN: The term 'Birthright' often refers to a natural right or privilege someone has by birth. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, the title is ironic, suggesting that younger generations feel they have lost the 'birthright' of affordable housing that their parents (Baby Boomers) enjoyed.
EN: The Present Continuous tense (be + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing state or a future event that is already in progress. In the context of pregnancy, 'expecting' is a common way to say someone is pregnant.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini berterusan (be + kata kerja -ing) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan keadaan yang berterusan atau rancangan yang sedang berjalan. Dalam konteks kehamilan, 'expecting' ialah ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan bahawa seseorang sedang mengandung.
They are expecting their first child in June.
Mereka sedang menantikan kelahiran anak pertama mereka pada bulan Jun.
EN: The past participle 'named' is used as a reduced relative clause (short for 'who are named') to modify the noun 'couple', providing their specific names.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau 'named' digunakan di sini sebagai klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya 'who are named'), untuk menerangkan kata 'couple' (pasangan) dan memberikan nama khusus mereka.
I have a cat named Luna.
Saya mempunyai seekor kucing bernama Luna.
EN: The term 'millennial' refers to the generation born between 1981 and 1996. In Australia, this generation is often highlighted in discussions about the housing crisis, as they face significantly higher property prices compared to their parents' generation (the 'baby boomers').
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a past action that has a direct result or relevance to the present situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have/has + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu dan mempunyai hasil atau kaitan langsung dengan keadaan sekarang.
She has lost her keys, so she cannot enter the house.
Dia telah kehilangan kunci, jadi dia tidak dapat masuk ke rumah sekarang.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'because' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa subordinat yang memberikan sebab bagi tindakan dalam klausa utama.
I stayed home because it was raining.
Kerana hujan, saya tinggal di rumah.
EN: In the context of the Australian housing crisis, 'short-term contracts' highlight the precarious nature of employment for many young people, which makes it nearly impossible to secure long-term rentals or mortgages.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'on leave' is used to describe someone who is away from their work or duty with permission. Adding 'unpaid' specifies that the person is not receiving a salary during this period.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi nama 'on leave' digunakan untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang sedang bercuti dari kerja atau jawatan dengan kebenaran. Penambahan 'unpaid' (tanpa gaji) menjelaskan bahawa tiada gaji diterima dalam tempoh tersebut.
He has been on leave for two weeks to care for his sick mother.
Dia telah mengambil cuti selama dua minggu untuk menjaga ibunya yang sakit.
EN: The preposition 'from' is used here to indicate the source or the specific role/organization the person is taking leave from.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'from' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan sumber, iaitu jawatan atau institusi khusus dari mana pekerja itu bercuti.
She resigned from her position as a manager.
Dia meletakkan jawatan sebagai pengurus.
EN: In many Western countries, including Australia, 'unpaid leave' is a common arrangement for employees who need extended time off for personal reasons but want to keep their job security, though it highlights the financial vulnerability during a housing crisis.
EN: The passive voice 'be forced to' indicates that the subject has no choice but to perform an action due to external circumstances. It is formed by 'be' + past participle 'forced' + to-infinitive.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif 'be forced to' (terpaksa) menunjukkan bahawa subjek tidak mempunyai pilihan selain melakukan sesuatu tindakan kerana keadaan luaran. Strukturnya ialah 'be' + partisipel lampau 'forced' + infinitif 'to'.
The passengers were forced to wait for three hours due to the delay.
Disebabkan kelewatan, penumpang terpaksa menunggu selama tiga jam.
EN: Adverbial clauses of time starting with 'When' describe when the main action happens. In this sentence, it sets the condition/timing for the forced move.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa adverba masa yang bermula dengan 'When' menggambarkan masa apabila tindakan utama berlaku. Dalam ayat ini, ia menetapkan syarat atau masa untuk pemindahan paksa.
When the movie ends, we will go to dinner.
Apabila filem itu tamat, kami pergi makan malam.
EN: 'Baby boomer' refers to the generation born between 1946 and 1964. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, there is often a noted economic divide between this generation (who often own property) and millennials (who struggle to enter the market).
EN: The relative clause 'that follows' acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'tension'. The relative pronoun 'that' serves as the subject of the verb 'follows'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif 'that follows' berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif untuk menerangkan kata 'tension' (ketegangan). Kata ganti relatif 'that' berfungsi sebagai subjek bagi kata kerja 'follows' dalam klausa tersebut.
The decision that follows will change everything.
Keputusan yang menyusul akan mengubah segala-galanya.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two words or phrases of the same grammatical type, emphasizing that two qualities apply to the subject simultaneously.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung berpasangan 'both... and...' (kedua-duanya... dan...) digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua perkataan atau frasa yang sama jenis tatabahasa, menekankan bahawa subjek mempunyai kedua-dua sifat tersebut secara serentak.
The movie was both long and boring.
Filem ini panjang dan membosankan.
EN: The term 'darkly funny' refers to 'black humor' or 'dark comedy,' a style that treats serious, painful, or tragic topics (like the housing crisis in Australia) with a sense of irony or amusement. This is a common artistic response to difficult social realities.
EN: Reported Speech with an omitted 'that': In English, the conjunction 'that' is often omitted after reporting verbs like 'said' when introducing a noun clause that functions as the object.
Bahasa Melayu: Ucapan tak langsung dengan 'that' yang digugurkan: Dalam bahasa Inggeris, kata hubung 'that' sering digugurkan selepas kata kerja pelapor seperti 'said' apabila ia memperkenalkan klausa kata nama sebagai objek.
He said he would arrive at six o'clock.
Dia berkata dia akan tiba pada pukul enam.
EN: Prepositional Phrase as a Modifier: The phrase 'for the film' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'idea', specifying which idea is being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi nama sebagai penerang: Frasa 'for the film' berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'idea', dengan jelas menunjukkan idea yang mana sedang dibincangkan.
The key to the door is on the table.
Kunci pintu itu berada di atas meja.
EN: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the Australian arts scene and housing market. Many creative projects during this time reflected the social shifts, such as the 'return to the nest' phenomenon where young adults moved back with parents due to economic instability.
EN: Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'noticed'. It explains exactly what she observed.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama sebagai objek: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa kata nama yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'noticed', untuk menjelaskan secara khusus apa yang dia perhatikan.
He realized that the store was closed.
Dia menyedari bahawa kedai itu sudah ditutup.
EN: Past Continuous Tense: 'Were moving' is used here to describe a trend or a developing situation that was happening around a specific time in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau berterusan: 'Were moving' digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan satu trend atau perkembangan yang sedang berlaku sebelum dan selepas titik masa tertentu pada masa lampau.
Many people were looking for jobs during the crisis.
Semasa krisis, ramai orang sedang mencari pekerjaan.
EN: The phenomenon of adult children moving back to their parents' home is often referred to as the 'Boomerang Generation'. In Australia, this is increasingly driven by high property prices and rental costs in major cities like Sydney and Melbourne.
EN: The comparative + and + comparative structure (e.g., 'longer and longer') is used to describe something that is changing continuously or increasing in intensity over time.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'perbandingan + dan + perbandingan' (contohnya, 'longer and longer') digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang berubah secara berterusan atau semakin meningkat dari masa ke masa, biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai 'semakin...' dalam bahasa Melayu.
The weather is getting colder and colder as winter approaches.
Apabila musim sejuk menghampiri, cuaca menjadi semakin sejuk.
EN: The auxiliary verb 'would' is used here to describe a repeated action or a typical behavior in the past, similar to 'used to' but focusing more on the habit itself.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata bantu 'would' digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang berulang atau tingkah laku yang biasa pada masa lalu, seperti 'used to', tetapi lebih menekankan keadaan biasa atau kecenderungan pada masa itu.
Every summer, we would go to the beach for the whole day.
Setiap musim panas, kami akan pergi ke pantai dan menghabiskan sepanjang hari di sana.
EN: In Australia, the term 'boomerang kids' is often used to describe young adults who return to live with their parents due to financial pressures like high rent or unemployment, a central theme in the film Birthright.
EN: The phrase 'become interested in' describes a transition into a state of curiosity or concern. 'Become' is a linking verb used to show a change in state, followed by an adjective phrase.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'become interested in' menggambarkan peralihan ke dalam keadaan ingin tahu atau minat. 'Become' ialah kata kerja penghubung yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan perubahan keadaan, diikuti oleh frasa adjektif.
He became interested in photography after visiting the gallery.
Selepas melawat galeri, dia mula berminat dalam fotografi.
EN: The sentence uses a relative clause 'that develop...' to modify 'power dynamics', followed by an adverbial clause of time 'when adult children return...' which specifies the circumstances of the development.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan klausa relatif 'that develop...' untuk menerangkan 'power dynamics' (dinamik kuasa), kemudian diikuti oleh klausa adverba masa 'when adult children return...' untuk menjelaskan situasi khusus di mana dinamik ini berlaku.
I enjoy the peaceful atmosphere that exists when everyone is asleep.
Saya suka suasana tenang yang wujud apabila semua orang sedang tidur.
EN: The term 'power dynamics' in a family context refers to how authority and influence shift when adult children, who are usually independent, move back into their parents' home where the parents are the primary homeowners. This is a growing social phenomenon in Australia and other Western countries due to economic pressures.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and has a connection to the present, often showing a result or a trend over a period of time.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berkaitan dengan masa kini, biasanya menunjukkan hasil atau trend dalam tempoh masa.
The population of the city has grown significantly since 2010.
Sejak 2010, penduduk bandar itu telah meningkat dengan ketara.
EN: The verb 'point out' is a phrasal verb meaning to direct someone's attention to a fact or information. It is often followed by a 'that' clause to introduce the specific information being shared.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kerja 'point out' bermaksud 'menunjukkan' atau 'menarik perhatian seseorang kepada' sesuatu fakta atau maklumat. Ia biasanya diikuti oleh klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh 'that' untuk memperkenalkan kandungan khusus yang dikongsi.
The teacher pointed out that the deadline for the project is tomorrow.
Guru menunjukkan bahawa tarikh akhir projek itu ialah esok.
EN: The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue. Major cities like Sydney and Melbourne have some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to the 'intergenerational tension' mentioned in the text as younger people struggle to enter the market.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a result or relevance in the present. In this context, it emphasizes the current state of the housing situation resulting from past developments.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have/has + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan menghasilkan kesan atau kaitan pada masa kini. Dalam konteks ini, ia menekankan keadaan semasa yang disebabkan oleh perkembangan masa lalu.
The government has implemented new policies to help first-time buyers.
Kerajaan telah melaksanakan dasar baharu untuk membantu pembeli rumah kali pertama.
EN: A Noun Clause starting with 'that' functions as the object of the verb 'believes'. It allows the speaker to express an opinion or thought about a complete fact or situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama yang bermula dengan 'that' berfungsi sebagai objek bagi kata kerja 'believes'. Ia membolehkan penutur menyatakan pandangan atau idea tentang fakta atau situasi yang lengkap.
I believe that education is the key to success.
Saya percaya bahawa pendidikan adalah kunci kejayaan.
EN: The phrase 'younger generations' in Australia often refers to Millennials and Gen Z, who face significant hurdles in the property market compared to the 'Baby Boomer' generation, leading to the intergenerational tension mentioned in the text.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a continuing effect or relevance to the present moment.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have/has + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang bermula pada masa lampau dan masih mempunyai kesan atau kaitan yang berterusan dengan masa kini.
The new law has changed the lives of many citizens.
Undang-undang baharu ini telah mengubah kehidupan ramai rakyat.
EN: The preposition 'across' is used to describe something happening throughout a particular area or country.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'across' digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang berlaku di seluruh kawasan atau seluruh negara, bermaksud 'merentasi' atau 'meliputi'.
The news spread quickly across the city.
Berita itu cepat tersebar ke seluruh bandar.
EN: The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue, characterized by some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to increased homelessness and intergenerational wealth gaps.
EN: The phrase 'afford to' is followed by an infinitive verb (to + base verb) to indicate having enough money or time to do something. It is frequently used with modal verbs like 'can' or 'cannot'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'afford to' diikuti oleh kata kerja infinitif (to + kata kerja dasar) untuk menunjukkan kemampuan dari segi kewangan atau masa untuk melakukan sesuatu. Penggunaan ini sering digabungkan dengan kata bantu 'can' atau 'cannot'.
She cannot afford to travel abroad this year.
Dia tidak mampu menanggung kos perjalanan ke luar negara tahun ini.
EN: The adverb 'even' is used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising. In this sentence, it highlights that not only is buying a home impossible, but even the typically cheaper option of renting is also out of reach.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adverba 'even' digunakan untuk menekankan sesuatu yang tidak dijangka atau mengejutkan. Dalam ayat ini, ia menekankan bahawa bukan sahaja membeli rumah mustahil, malah pilihan sewa yang biasanya lebih murah pun tidak mampu ditanggung.
He didn't even say goodbye before leaving.
Dia langsung tidak mengucapkan selamat tinggal sebelum pergi.
EN: In Australia, the 'Great Australian Dream' traditionally refers to owning a home on a suburban block. However, due to soaring property prices, this dream is becoming increasingly unattainable for many, leading to significant social and political debate about housing affordability.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true or relevant in the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan hingga kini, atau masih berkaitan dengan masa kini.
The local library has become a popular meeting spot for students.
Perpustakaan tempatan ini telah menjadi tempat pertemuan yang popular bagi pelajar.
EN: The preposition 'between' is used to show a relationship or comparison involving two distinct groups or entities (older and younger Australians).
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'between' digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan atau perbandingan yang melibatkan dua kumpulan atau entiti yang berbeza (Australia yang lebih tua dan lebih muda).
The gap between the rich and the poor is widening in many countries.
Di banyak negara, jurang antara kaya dan miskin sedang melebar.
EN: The term 'intergenerational inequality' is a significant topic in Australia, often referring to the wealth gap between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower house prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z' who face a much tougher housing market.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: krisis; masa yang sangat sukar atau berbahaya
Dalam konteks: (harga, kuantiti, dsb.) meningkat secara mendadak, melonjak
Dalam konteks: ketidaksamaan; ketidakadilan
Dalam konteks: keadaan tanpa tempat tinggal
Dalam konteks: generasi milenium (orang yang dilahirkan sekitar tahun 1981 hingga 1996)
Dalam konteks: kontrak; perjanjian
Dalam konteks: ketegangan; keadaan tegang
Dalam konteks: (dalam hubungan atau sistem) interaksi, dinamik
Dalam konteks: secara unik; sangat
Dalam konteks: inspirasi; ilham
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
A situation where a household spends a large proportion of its income (usually over 30%) on rent.
Tekanan sewa
To start living in the same house as someone else.
Berpindah untuk tinggal bersama...
A person born during a period of greatly increased birth rate, especially between 1946 and 1964.
Generasi baby boomer
A work agreement that lasts for only a limited period of time.
Kontrak jangka pendek
The way in which different people or groups interact and influence each other, especially regarding who has more control.
Dinamika kuasa