EN: The present perfect passive ('has been published') is formed by 'has/have + been + past participle'. It is used here to describe a recently completed action where the focus is on the result rather than who performed the action.
A new policy has been introduced to support small businesses.
EN: This sentence uses an 'extraposed relative clause' with 'that ranks...'. The relative clause modifies 'A new league table', but it is placed after the passive verb 'has been published' to maintain sentence balance (end-weight principle).
A report was released yesterday that details the environmental impact.
EN: In the UK, university rankings are widely known as 'league tables', a metaphor originally borrowed from sports leagues (like football). Major newspapers such as The Guardian and The Times regularly publish these tables to compare universities across various metrics.
EN: The verb phrase 'prepare someone for something' is used to show that someone is being equipped or trained for a future situation or role.
This university course prepares graduates for leadership roles in business.
EN: The clause 'which includes...' is a non-defining relative clause, introduced by a comma and the relative pronoun 'which'. It adds extra explanatory information about the noun before it ('the service industry') rather than identifying it.
The package covers transportation, which includes renting a car for the weekend.
EN: In British English, 'programmes' is the standard spelling for university degree courses or educational curricula, whereas American English typically uses 'programs' for all meanings. Additionally, 'hospitality' courses in the UK encompass hotels, restaurants, catering, and event tourism as a cohesive professional field.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to') or a to-infinitive: 'help someone (to) do something'. In modern English, omitting 'to' is very common.
The guide helped travelers find the hidden museum.
EN: The clause 'which university is the best choice...' functions as an embedded question (noun clause) serving as the direct object of the verb 'decide'.
We need to decide which route is the safest.
EN: In the UK, prospective university applicants heavily rely on annual university league tables (such as The Guardian, Complete University Guide, and Times Higher Education) to compare specific course satisfaction, graduate prospects, and teaching quality before submitting UCAS applications.
EN: The Present Perfect tense ('has grown', 'have chosen') is formed with 'have/has + past participle'. It is used here to describe actions or trends that began in the past and continue to affect or remain relevant in the present, often paired with time expressions like 'in recent years'.
Technology has developed rapidly in recent years.
EN: The verb 'choose' followed by a 'to-infinitive' ('have chosen to study') expresses a decision or preference to perform a specific action.
Many young people choose to work abroad after graduating.
EN: In British English, the phrase 'at university' is commonly used without the definite article 'the' to mean enrolled in higher education. In American English, speakers typically say 'in college' or 'at college' for the same concept.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has become') is formed with 'have/has' + past participle. It indicates an action or change that started in the past and has relevance or continues to be true in the present.
Digital marketing has become an essential skill for modern businesses.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because large festivals... need skilled professionals to organise them'), explaining why event management has gained popularity.
Many students study computer science because tech companies offer high salaries.
EN: In the UK and Europe, 'Event Management' is commonly offered as a distinct undergraduate BA or BSc degree, reflecting the large economic footprint of major cultural festivals (like Glastonbury or Edinburgh Fringe) and international sporting tournaments.
EN: An appositive is a noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'an expert in tourism education' is an appositive set off by commas, describing 'Professor Sarah Mitchell'.
Dr. Watson, a close friend of Sherlock Holmes, helped solve the mystery.
EN: The verb 'give' can take two objects: an indirect object (the recipient, here 'students') and a direct object (the thing given, here 'practical skills'). This structure is known as Ditransitive (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object).
The internship gives undergraduates valuable hands-on experience.
EN: In British news reporting, academic titles such as 'Professor' are commonly used alongside full names when quoting authorities, lending institutional credibility to opinions expressed regarding university course values and graduate employability.
EN: The conjunction 'when' can be followed directly by a present participle (-ing form), functioning as a reduced adverbial clause of time. Here, 'when ranking' is equivalent to 'when it ranks'.
Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.
EN: The verb 'consider' is a transitive verb that directly takes a noun phrase ('several important factors') as its direct object, meaning to take something into account when making a judgment.
The committee will consider your application next week.
EN: In the UK, university rankings are commonly referred to as 'league tables' (a term borrowed from sports). Major national newspapers like The Guardian and The Times regularly publish these tables to help prospective students compare institutions.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who find employment...') modifying the noun 'graduates'. It specifies which graduates are being talked about.
We need teachers who understand modern technology.
EN: Parallel structure in a list: When listing items linked by 'and', maintain a grammatically consistent form. Here, three noun phrases are coordinated: 'student satisfaction', 'research quality', and 'the percentage of graduates...'.
The evaluation considers attendance, final exam scores, and class participation.
EN: In the UK, university league tables (such as those published by The Guardian, The Times, or Complete University Guide) heavily weight graduate employability and student satisfaction (often measured by the National Student Survey, NSS) to help applicants choose institutions.
EN: A defining relative clause (starting with 'that') modifies the plural noun 'Universities'. It identifies exactly which universities are being discussed, so no commas are used.
Students who complete internships often secure jobs faster.
EN: The semi-modal pattern 'tend to + base verb' expresses a general likelihood or habit (meaning 'often' or 'are likely to').
Prices tend to rise during peak holiday seasons.
EN: In the UK higher education system, a 'work placement' (or 'placement year') is a structured, assessed period of real-world employment integrated into a degree programme, often between the second and final years (sandwich degrees). It heavily influences UK university league tables because it significantly boosts graduate employability.
EN: A defining relative clause (introduced by 'who') is used to specify exactly which students are being talked about. In this clause, 'were studying' uses the past continuous tense to describe an ongoing action in the past.
Employees who were working remotely reported higher levels of productivity.
EN: The verb 'reported' is followed by a 'that'-noun clause acting as its direct object, expressing what was reported. Both the reporting verb and the clause verb are in the past tense to maintain tense consistency.
Researchers confirmed that the new treatment improved sleep quality.
EN: In the UK and other English-speaking higher education systems, 'league tables' (rankings) play a major role in student recruitment. Phrases like 'top-ranked universities' often refer to institutions at the top of national tables published by media outlets (such as The Guardian or The Times).
EN: An 'appositive' (同位語) is a noun or noun phrase placed immediately after another noun to explain or identify it. Here, 'a recent graduate in event management' explains who 'James Cooper' is and is set off by commas.
Lisa, an experienced graphic designer, shared some helpful tips.
EN: The verb 'help' can take an object followed by either a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to') or a full infinitive (to + verb): 'help + someone + (to) do something'. In this sentence, 'helped him understand' uses the bare infinitive.
This internship helped her gain practical skills.
EN: In the UK and other English-speaking higher education systems, degrees in 'event management' and 'hospitality' emphasize vocational training, placements, and direct industry relevance rather than purely theoretical research.
EN: The verb 'explain' often takes a noun clause introduced by 'that' as its direct object to report statements or reasons.
She explained that regular practice was key to mastering a language.
EN: The adjective 'essential' is frequently followed by the preposition 'for' and a gerund (verb + -ing) or noun to indicate the purpose or recipient of necessity.
Good nutrition is essential for maintaining physical health.
EN: In UK higher education, vocational and service-oriented degrees (like event management and hospitality) strongly emphasize sandwich courses or work placements, as employers place great value on 'real-world experience' alongside academic qualifications.
EN: The passive structure 'be expected to + infinitive' is commonly used in news and formal English to report future forecasts, trends, or probabilities without specifying who is making the prediction.
The global economy is expected to recover next year.
EN: 'Remain' functions here as a linking verb (copula) followed by an adjective predicate ('strong'), meaning to continue in an existing state or condition without changing.
The museum will remain open to the public during renovations.
EN: In the UK and global education contexts, 'hospitality' encompasses hotels, restaurants, event venues, and travel services. As international travel and leisure activities rebound, graduates from accredited hospitality management degrees are highly sought after for managerial and customer-experience roles.
IPA 발음, 정의, 예문, 인터랙티브 퀴즈가 포함된 핵심 단어입니다.
유형 태그, 이중 언어 정의, 사용 설명, 예문이 포함된 구문입니다.
a ranking list that compares institutions or organisations based on specific performance criteria
a business sector that provides intangible services rather than manufacturing goods
a temporary period of practical work experience that is part of an academic course
practical skills and knowledge gained from actual situations outside of an academic environment