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句型結構

英文句子是怎麼組起來的——從基本骨架,到連接、子句與各種變化。

會用單字、會發音之後,下一關就是「把字組成句子」。英文的句子其實只有幾種骨架,再加上連接詞、子句和幾個變化規則,就能從「一句一句」變成「一段一段」。這頁是句型的地圖,每一節都連到深入的專文。

開始句型挑戰
1

基本句型:5 種骨架

英文的句子幾乎都是這 5 種骨架的變化:主詞 + 動詞,後面再看需不需要受詞或補語。先把骨架認熟,再長的句子都拆得開。

  • She sleeps. (S + V)
  • I like coffee. (S + V + O)
  • It is easy. (S + V + C)
  • He gave me a book. (S + V + O + O)
  • We call him Max. (S + V + O + C)
2

怎麼問問題

把直述句變成問句,靠的是「主詞和助動詞對調」,沒有助動詞就借 do/does/did。句尾再加個「附加問句」就能確認對方的想法。

  • Do you like coffee?
  • Where did she go?
  • It's cold, isn't it?
3

用連接詞接句子

連接詞是把兩句話接起來的橋。對等連接詞(FANBOYS)連對等的東西;從屬連接詞讓一句變成另一句的附屬;成對連接詞前後呼應。

  • I like coffee, but I am tired tonight.
  • We stayed home because it was raining.
  • Both Anna and Ben passed.
4

子句:句中有句

把一個句子塞進另一個句子裡,就是子句。關係子句用 who / which / that 補充說明名詞;分詞構句用 V-ing 或 p.p. 把兩句話濃縮成一句。

  • The man who called you is my uncle.
  • My phone, which I bought last year, still works.
  • Walking home, I saw a rainbow.
5

句型變化

同一件事可以換不同的說法:被動語態把重點放在「被怎麼樣」;there is/are 說「有什麼」;祈使句下指令;轉述句把別人的話「往後退一步」。

  • The cake was eaten by the kids. (passive)
  • There is a cat on the roof.
  • Please close the door. (imperative)
  • She said that she was tired. (reported)
6

條件句與假設

用 if 假設「如果…就…」,依照跟事實的距離分成零、第一、第二、第三條件句;想表達「真希望…」則用 wish 句型。

  • If you heat ice, it melts. (zero / first)
  • If I were you, I would rest. (second)
  • If I had known, I would have come. (third)
  • I wish I could fly.
7

比較句

兩個東西比一比用比較級(-er / more),三個以上挑最厲害的用最高級(-est / most)。記住變化規則,就不會 more better 了。

  • This is bigger than that.
  • She is the tallest in the class.