句型結構
英文句子是怎麼組起來的——從基本骨架,到連接、子句與各種變化。
會用單字、會發音之後,下一關就是「把字組成句子」。英文的句子其實只有幾種骨架,再加上連接詞、子句和幾個變化規則,就能從「一句一句」變成「一段一段」。這頁是句型的地圖,每一節都連到深入的專文。
開始句型挑戰1
基本句型:5 種骨架
英文的句子幾乎都是這 5 種骨架的變化:主詞 + 動詞,後面再看需不需要受詞或補語。先把骨架認熟,再長的句子都拆得開。
- She sleeps. (S + V)
- I like coffee. (S + V + O)
- It is easy. (S + V + C)
- He gave me a book. (S + V + O + O)
- We call him Max. (S + V + O + C)
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3
用連接詞接句子
連接詞是把兩句話接起來的橋。對等連接詞(FANBOYS)連對等的東西;從屬連接詞讓一句變成另一句的附屬;成對連接詞前後呼應。
- I like coffee, but I am tired tonight.
- We stayed home because it was raining.
- Both Anna and Ben passed.
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句型變化
同一件事可以換不同的說法:被動語態把重點放在「被怎麼樣」;there is/are 說「有什麼」;祈使句下指令;轉述句把別人的話「往後退一步」。
- The cake was eaten by the kids. (passive)
- There is a cat on the roof.
- Please close the door. (imperative)
- She said that she was tired. (reported)
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比較句
兩個東西比一比用比較級(-er / more),三個以上挑最厲害的用最高級(-est / most)。記住變化規則,就不會 more better 了。
- This is bigger than that.
- She is the tallest in the class.
深入:比較級與最高級