Pandemic & PreventionPandemi & Pencegahan
Pratinjau Audio Lengkap
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EN: The adverb 'fundamentally' is used to modify the verb 'changed', indicating that the change was deep and essential. In English, adverbs of manner often appear between the auxiliary verb/subject and the main verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata keterangan 'fundamentally' (secara fundamental) digunakan untuk memodifikasi kata kerja 'changed', menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tersebut bersifat mendalam dan esensial. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata keterangan tingkat atau cara sering ditempatkan antara subjek dan kata kerja utama.
The new technology fundamentally altered the industry.
Teknologi baru ini secara fundamental mengubah industri tersebut.
EN: The phrase 'the way' acts as a noun phrase that can be followed by a relative clause (people... think) to describe how something is done. In this structure, 'how' or 'in which' is often omitted.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'the way' berfungsi sebagai frasa nomina yang dapat diikuti oleh klausa relatif (people... think) untuk menggambarkan cara sesuatu terjadi. Dalam struktur ini, kata keterangan relatif 'how' atau 'in which' biasanya dihilangkan.
I like the way she explains complex ideas.
Saya suka cara dia menjelaskan konsep yang rumit.
EN: The sentence reflects a global shift in mindset where 'public health' moved from a specialized medical topic to a common concern for every individual, highlighting the interconnectedness of modern society.
EN: The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another point or action in the past. Here, it indicates the state of mind existing before the specific year 2020.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum titik waktu atau tindakan tertentu di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, ini menunjukkan keadaan mental yang sudah ada sebelum titik waktu tertentu di tahun 2020.
By the time the movie started, we had already finished our popcorn.
Sebelum film dimulai, kami sudah menghabiskan popcorn.
EN: The idiom 'take something for granted' means to fail to properly appreciate something because it is so common or familiar, or to assume something is true without questioning it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Idiom 'take something for granted' berarti "menganggap sesuatu sebagai hal yang biasa", merujuk pada kegagalan untuk menghargai nilai sesuatu dengan benar karena terlalu umum atau terlalu akrab, atau menganggap sesuatu benar tanpa berpikir.
We often take our health for granted until we get sick.
Kita sering menganggap kesehatan sebagai hal yang biasa sebelum kita sakit.
EN: The sentence reflects a global shift in consciousness. In many Western cultures, prior to COVID-19, wearing masks or extreme hand hygiene was often associated only with medical settings, whereas in some East Asian cultures, it was already more common during flu seasons. The pandemic unified these practices globally.
EN: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. Here, the virus spreading happened before the enforcement of measures.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, penyebaran virus terjadi sebelum tindakan penegakan diberlakukan.
By the time the police arrived, the thief had already escaped.
Ketika polisi tiba, pencuri sudah melarikan diri.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the subject is the receiver of the action. 'Were forced' indicates that the governments and citizens did not choose this, but were compelled by circumstances.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika subjek adalah penerima tindakan. 'Were forced' menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah dan warga tidak memilih secara sukarela, tetapi dipaksa oleh keadaan.
The flight was cancelled due to the heavy storm.
Penerbangan dibatalkan karena badai.
EN: The phrase 'governments and citizens alike' reflects a collective responsibility often emphasized during global crises, highlighting that the pandemic affected all levels of society regardless of status.
EN: Gerunds as Subjects: A gerund is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun. In this sentence, three gerund phrases ('Wearing...', 'maintaining...', and 'washing...') act together as a compound subject.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund sebagai Subjek: Gerund adalah bentuk -ing dari kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Dalam kalimat ini, tiga frasa gerund (memakai, menjaga, mencuci) bersama-sama membentuk subjek majemuk.
Reading books and practicing speaking are effective ways to learn English.
Membaca buku dan berlatih berbicara adalah metode yang efektif untuk belajar bahasa Inggris.
EN: Parallel Structure: When listing multiple items or actions, they should follow the same grammatical form. Here, all three activities are presented as gerund phrases to maintain balance and clarity.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur Paralel: Saat mendaftar beberapa item atau tindakan, mereka harus mengikuti bentuk tata bahasa yang sama. Dalam kalimat ini, ketiga aktivitas disajikan sebagai frasa gerund untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan kejelasan kalimat.
EN: The phrase 'social distance' became a global standard during the COVID-19 pandemic, though the specific distance (e.g., 1.5 meters or 6 feet) varied slightly by country. In many East Asian cultures, mask-wearing was already a common courtesy when sick, which facilitated quicker adoption compared to some Western countries.
EN: The structure 'One of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a specific item from a group of exceptional things. Note that the verb must be singular because the subject is 'One'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'One of the + kata sifat superlatif + kata benda jamak' digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi satu item tertentu dari sekelompok hal yang luar biasa. Perhatikan bahwa kata kerja harus tunggal karena subjeknya adalah 'One' (salah satu).
One of the most talented students in the class was chosen for the award.
Salah satu siswa paling berbakat di kelas dipilih untuk menerima penghargaan.
EN: The preposition 'during' is used to indicate that something happened within a specific period of time or throughout the course of an event.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'during' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi dalam periode waktu tertentu atau sepanjang suatu peristiwa.
Many people lost their jobs during the economic crisis.
Banyak orang kehilangan pekerjaan selama krisis ekonomi.
EN: The sentence refers to the unprecedented speed of COVID-19 vaccine development, which typically takes 10-15 years but was achieved in under a year through global cooperation and mRNA technology.
EN: Non-defining Relative Clause: This uses 'who' to provide extra information about the subject (Scientists). It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif non-pembatas: Ini menggunakan 'who' untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang subjek (ilmuwan). Klausa jenis ini biasanya diapit oleh koma, dan jika dihapus, makna inti kalimat tetap utuh.
My brother, who lives in New York, is a doctor.
Kakak laki-laki saya (yang tinggal di New York) adalah seorang dokter.
EN: Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Formed with 'had been' + present participle (-ing), it describes an action that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Dibentuk dengan 'had been' + present participle (-ing), digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang sudah dimulai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu dan terus berlangsung hingga titik waktu tersebut.
They had been waiting for two hours before the train finally arrived.
Mereka sudah menunggu selama dua jam sebelum kereta akhirnya tiba.
EN: The phrase 'in record time' is a common idiom used to emphasize that something was completed faster than ever before, highlighting the unprecedented global collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic.
EN: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in time or another action in the past. In this sentence, the approval happened before the end of 2020.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, persetujuan vaksin terjadi sebelum akhir tahun 2020.
By the time the movie started, we had already finished our popcorn.
Saat film dimulai, kami sudah menghabiskan popcorn.
EN: Prepositional Phrase 'By the end of': This phrase is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time by which something occurs. It is frequently paired with perfect tenses.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional 'By the end of': Frasa ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan batas waktu atau titik waktu terjadinya sesuatu. Frasa ini sering digunakan dengan bentuk perfect.
She will have completed the report by the end of the week.
Dia akan menyelesaikan laporan sebelum akhir pekan.
EN: The term 'emergency approval' (or Emergency Use Authorization - EUA) became a common phrase during the pandemic. It refers to a regulatory mechanism that allows medical products to be used in a public health crisis before full formal licensure, provided they meet specific safety criteria.
EN: The conjunction 'Although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that expresses a contrast or concession. In English, 'although' and 'but' are not used together in the same sentence structure.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi 'Although' (meskipun) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa subordinat yang mengekspresikan kontras atau konsesi. Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, 'although' dan 'but' (tetapi) tidak dapat digunakan bersamaan dalam kalimat yang sama.
Although the weather was cold, they decided to go for a walk.
Meskipun cuaca sangat dingin, mereka tetap memutuskan untuk berjalan-jalan.
EN: The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. Here, the trials were completed before the concerns were fully addressed or before the current point of reference.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan atau titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Dalam kalimat ini, proses pembuktian percobaan terjadi sebelum orang-orang mengungkapkan kekhawatiran atau sebelum titik referensi masa lalu tertentu.
The train had already left when I arrived at the station.
Ketika saya tiba di stasiun, kereta sudah pergi.
EN: In scientific and medical contexts, 'clinical trials' refer to a highly regulated multi-phase process. Mentioning 'extensive clinical trials' is a common way in English-speaking media to reassure the public about the rigor of scientific evidence.
EN: The idiom 'play a role in' (followed by a noun or gerund) is used to describe the contribution or influence someone or something has on a situation. The adjective 'crucial' modifies 'role' to emphasize high importance.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'play a role in' (diikuti oleh kata benda atau gerund) digunakan untuk menggambarkan kontribusi atau pengaruh seseorang atau sesuatu terhadap suatu situasi. Kata sifat 'crucial' (sangat penting) memodifikasi 'role' untuk menekankan tingkat kepentingannya.
Technology plays a significant role in modern education.
Teknologi memainkan peran penting dalam pendidikan modern.
EN: The preposition 'in' is followed by the gerund 'slowing' (verb+ing). In English, prepositions must be followed by a noun or a gerund when expressing an action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'in' diikuti oleh gerund 'slowing' (kata kerja + -ing). Dalam bahasa Inggris, ketika ingin mengekspresikan suatu tindakan setelah preposisi, harus menggunakan bentuk kata benda atau gerund.
She is interested in learning new languages.
Dia tertarik untuk mempelajari bahasa baru.
EN: The term 'quarantine' has historical roots in the Italian word 'quaranta' (forty), referring to the 40-day isolation period required for ships arriving in Venice during the Black Death. In the context of COVID-19, it became a globally recognized public health strategy.
EN: Past Perfect Passive (had been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that was completed in the passive voice before another point in the past.
Bahasa Indonesia: Pasif Past Perfect (had been + past participle): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan pasif yang telah selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
The documents had been signed before the meeting started.
Dokumen sudah ditandatangani sebelum rapat dimulai.
EN: Relative Clause (who...): A defining relative clause is used here to identify exactly which 'people' the sentence is referring to.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif (who...): Klausa relatif pembatas digunakan di sini untuk secara jelas menentukan "orang-orang" mana yang dimaksud dalam kalimat.
Students who finish the test early may leave the room.
Siswa yang menyelesaikan ujian lebih awal boleh meninggalkan ruangan.
EN: The term 'designated period' in a public health context often refers to the scientifically determined incubation period of a virus, which was typically 14 days during the early COVID-19 pandemic.
EN: The conjunction 'While' is used here to introduce a contrast between two ideas, similar to 'although'. It acknowledges one fact while presenting another that might seem contradictory or equally important.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi 'While' digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan kontras antara dua gagasan, mirip dengan 'although' (meskipun). Ini mengakui satu fakta sambil mengemukakan fakta lain yang mungkin tampak kontradiktif atau sama pentingnya.
While the new software is powerful, it is difficult to learn.
Meskipun perangkat lunak baru ini sangat canggih, ia sulit dipelajari.
EN: The preposition 'in' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to indicate the specific area or activity where an action or quality is applicable.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'in' diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) digunakan untuk menunjukkan bidang atau aktivitas spesifik di mana suatu tindakan atau kualitas berlaku.
She has extensive experience in managing large teams.
Dia memiliki pengalaman luas dalam mengelola tim besar.
EN: In many Western cultures, the pandemic sparked a significant public discourse on the balance between physical safety (quarantine) and mental well-being, leading to increased awareness and funding for mental health services.
EN: The phrase 'as a result of' is a compound preposition used to introduce the cause or reason for something. It is followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'as a result of' adalah preposisi majemuk yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan penyebab atau alasan dari sesuatu. Frasa ini diikuti oleh kata benda atau frasa nomina.
The flight was canceled as a result of heavy snow.
Akibat salju tebal, penerbangan dibatalkan.
EN: The Oxford Comma (or serial comma) is the comma used after the penultimate item in a list of three or more items, before 'and' or 'or'. It helps clarify that the items are separate.
Bahasa Indonesia: Koma Oxford (atau koma serial) adalah koma yang digunakan setelah item kedua terakhir dalam daftar tiga atau lebih item, yaitu sebelum 'and' atau 'or'. Ini membantu memperjelas pemisahan antar item.
She bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
Dia membeli apel, jeruk, dan pisang.
EN: The sentence reflects a global shift in mental health awareness post-COVID-19. In many Western cultures, discussing mental health struggles like 'loneliness' and 'anxiety' has become more normalized and less stigmatized due to the shared experience of the pandemic.
EN: The Noun Clause (that-clause) functions as the direct object of the verb 'emphasized'. It reports a fact or a statement that was highlighted.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa nomina (klausa that) berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'emphasized'. Klausa ini digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta atau pendapat yang ditekankan.
The teacher emphasized that students must submit their assignments on time.
Guru menekankan bahwa siswa harus mengumpulkan tugas tepat waktu.
EN: The Comparative Structure 'more effective than' is used to compare two nouns (prevention and treatment) regarding their quality or impact.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur komparatif 'more effective than' (lebih efektif daripada) digunakan untuk membandingkan dua kata benda (pencegahan dan pengobatan) dalam hal kualitas atau pengaruhnya.
Regular exercise is more effective than dieting alone for long-term health.
Olahraga teratur lebih efektif untuk kesehatan jangka panjang daripada sekadar diet.
EN: The phrase 'prevention is better than cure' is a common English proverb. This sentence uses a more formal academic variation ('more effective than treatment') suitable for public health contexts.
EN: The use of 'invested heavily in' demonstrates a phrasal verb pattern where 'invest in' is modified by an adverb to show intensity. 'In' is the required preposition to indicate the destination of the investment.
Bahasa Indonesia: "invested heavily in" menunjukkan pola frasa kerja di mana 'invest in' (berinvestasi dalam...) digunakan, dengan kata keterangan 'heavily' di tengah untuk menunjukkan tingkat intensitas. Preposisi 'in' harus digunakan untuk menghubungkan objek atau bidang investasi.
The company invested heavily in renewable energy last year.
Perusahaan tersebut menginvestasikan banyak dana dalam energi terbarukan tahun lalu.
EN: The 'to + infinitive' phrase (to protect...) functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the governments took the action described in the main clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'to + kata kerja dasar' (to protect...) berfungsi sebagai keterangan tujuan, digunakan untuk menjelaskan "alasan" atau "tujuan" dari tindakan yang dilakukan subjek dalam klausa utama.
She studied hard to pass the entrance exam.
Dia belajar keras untuk lulus ujian masuk.
EN: The term 'contact tracing' became a globally recognized public health strategy during COVID-19, though its implementation varied significantly between Western countries (focusing on privacy) and some Asian countries (using more centralized digital data).
EN: Perfect Participle Phrase: The structure 'having + past participle' is used to indicate that the action in the participle phrase happened before the action of the main verb. It functions as an adverbial modifier explaining the reason or background.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa Partisip Sempurna: Struktur 'having + past participle' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa tindakan tersebut terjadi sebelum tindakan dalam klausa utama. Dalam kalimat ini, ini berfungsi sebagai keterangan yang menjelaskan alasan atau latar belakang mengapa subjek dianggap sebagai pahlawan.
Having finished the report, she turned off her computer.
Setelah menyelesaikan laporan, dia mematikan komputernya.
EN: Passive Voice (Past Tense): The structure 'were + past participle' (were recognized) indicates that the subject receives the action rather than performing it. 'Widely' is an adverb placed between the auxiliary and the main verb for emphasis.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif (Past Tense): Struktur 'were + past participle' (were recognized) menunjukkan bahwa subjek adalah penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku. Kata keterangan 'widely' ditempatkan antara kata kerja bantu dan kata kerja utama untuk penekanan.
The new policy was widely supported by the local community.
Kebijakan baru ini didukung secara luas oleh komunitas lokal.
EN: The term 'front lines' is a military metaphor commonly used in public health to describe healthcare workers who directly interact with patients during an outbreak, emphasizing their bravery and sacrifice.
EN: The structure 'remind someone of something' is used to cause someone to remember or think about a particular fact or situation.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'remind someone of something' digunakan untuk membuat seseorang mengingat atau memikirkan fakta atau situasi tertentu.
The photograph reminded her of her childhood in the countryside.
Foto ini mengingatkannya pada masa kecilnya yang dihabiskan di pedesaan.
EN: The gerund 'supporting' acts as the object of the preposition 'of', describing the specific nature of the 'importance'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund 'supporting' berfungsi sebagai objek dari preposisi 'of', menggambarkan isi spesifik dari "pentingnya" tersebut.
The importance of exercising regularly cannot be overstated.
Pentingnya olahraga teratur tidak bisa terlalu ditekankan.
EN: In many Western cultures, the pandemic led to a significant shift in public perception of healthcare workers, moving from seeing them as standard employees to 'frontline heroes.' This sentence reflects that societal shift in gratitude.
EN: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that will be completed by a specific point in the future. In this sentence, it suggests that by a future time, the process of shaping policy will be finished or established.
Bahasa Indonesia: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): Tense ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan. Dalam kalimat ini, ini menyiratkan bahwa pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan, proses pembentukan kebijakan akan telah selesai atau ditetapkan.
By next year, the government will have implemented the new health regulations.
Pada tahun depan, pemerintah akan telah menerapkan peraturan kesehatan baru.
EN: Reduced Relative Clause: The phrase 'learned from the COVID-19 pandemic' is a reduced relative clause modifying 'the lessons'. It is short for 'which were learned'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif yang diringkas: Frasa 'learned from the COVID-19 pandemic' adalah klausa relatif yang diringkas, digunakan untuk memodifikasi 'the lessons'. Ini adalah bentuk singkat dari 'which were learned'.
The experience gained during the crisis is invaluable.
Pengalaman yang diperoleh selama krisis sangat berharga.
EN: The phrase 'for generations to come' is a common idiomatic expression in English used to emphasize the long-term impact of an event or policy, suggesting it will affect children, grandchildren, and beyond.
EN: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific point in time in the future.
Bahasa Indonesia: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): Tense ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
By next month, I will have finished my research project.
Bulan depan, saya akan telah menyelesaikan rencana penelitian saya.
EN: Time Clause with 'By the time': When using 'by the time' to refer to a future event, the verb in the dependent clause is usually in the Present Simple tense, while the main clause uses the Future Perfect.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa waktu dengan 'By the time': Ketika menggunakan 'by the time' untuk merujuk pada peristiwa di masa depan, kata kerja dalam klausa subordinat biasanya menggunakan present simple, sedangkan klausa utama menggunakan future perfect.
By the time the movie starts, we will have bought our popcorn.
Pada saat film dimulai, kami akan sudah membeli popcorn.
EN: In public health discourse, 'early warning systems' refer to the infrastructure and protocols used to detect disease outbreaks before they become pandemics. The sentence reflects a global shift toward proactive rather than reactive policy.
EN: Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The word 'that' introduces a defining relative clause 'that experienced the pandemic firsthand' to identify which specific communities are being discussed.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif (klausa adjektiva): Kata 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif pembatas 'that experienced the pandemic firsthand', yang digunakan untuk secara spesifik menunjukkan komunitas mana yang sedang dibahas.
Students that study consistently usually achieve better results.
Siswa yang terus belajar biasanya mendapatkan nilai yang lebih baik.
EN: Gerunds after Prepositions: The word 'protecting' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun) because it follows the preposition 'in'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund setelah Preposisi: Kata 'protecting' adalah gerund (kata kerja + -ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda), karena mengikuti preposisi 'in'.
She has a lot of experience in managing large teams.
Dia memiliki pengalaman luas dalam mengelola tim besar.
EN: The term 'vulnerable populations' in a public health context typically refers to groups at higher risk, such as the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, or those with limited access to healthcare. 'Collective responsibility' reflects a shift from individualistic thinking to community-based action, which was a major theme during the global pandemic response.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' (that individual actions... as a whole) acting as the direct object of the verb 'taught'. It explains exactly what was taught.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan "klausa nomina" (that individual actions... as a whole) sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja "taught", untuk menjelaskan secara rinci apa yang diajarkan.
The teacher told us that hard work leads to success.
Guru memberi tahu kami bahwa kerja keras akan membawa kesuksesan.
EN: The phrase 'as a whole' is an idiom used after a noun to mean 'considered as a single unit' or 'altogether'.
Bahasa Indonesia: "as a whole" adalah idiom yang digunakan setelah kata benda untuk berarti "secara keseluruhan" atau "secara umum".
The project was beneficial for the company as a whole.
Proyek ini bermanfaat bagi perusahaan secara keseluruhan.
EN: The sentence reflects a shift in Western societies towards 'collective responsibility,' a concept more traditionally associated with East Asian cultures, highlighting how the pandemic bridged some cultural gaps in public health thinking.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: secara fundamental; sepenuhnya
Dalam konteks: pentingnya; makna
Dalam konteks: terobosan; kemajuan besar
Dalam konteks: luas; berskala besar
Dalam konteks: karantina (periode)
Dalam konteks: penularan; penyebaran
Dalam konteks: jangka panjang; berlangsung lama
Dalam konteks: infrastruktur; pembangunan dasar
Dalam konteks: canggih; rumit; maju
Dalam konteks: rentan; mudah terluka
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
To fail to properly appreciate something because it is so common or familiar.
Menganggap remeh
Faster than has ever been done before.
Lebih cepat dari yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.
In the most important or dangerous position of an activity or conflict.
Di garis depan
A situation where all members of a group are responsible for the actions and well-being of the group.
Tanggung jawab kolektif
To think about or plan for the future.
Menatap ke depan
A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
RNA duta (mRNA)
Research studies performed in people that are aimed at evaluating a medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention.
Uji klinis
The process of identifying, assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to a disease to prevent onward transmission.
Pelacakan kontak
Groups of people who are at higher risk for poor health or social outcomes due to various barriers or biological factors.
Populasi rentan
The physical space maintained between individuals to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.
Pembatasan sosial / Jaga jarak