How Our Food Is Made (J9A)Bagaimana Makanan Kita Dibuat (J9A)
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EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (is/are + past participle) is used to describe facts, general truths, or processes where the doer of the action is obvious, unknown, or less important than the action itself. Here, 'is grown' indicates that rice undergoes the action of being cultivated.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif simple present (is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta, kebenaran umum, atau proses, di mana pelaku tindakan biasanya sudah jelas, tidak diketahui, atau tidak sepenting tindakan itu sendiri. Di sini, "is grown" menunjukkan bahwa padi menerima tindakan "ditanam".
Tea is grown on the hillsides of Taiwan.
Teh ditanam di lereng-lereng bukit di Taiwan.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'in many parts of' is used to describe a widespread distribution across various regions of a larger geographical area.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional "in many parts of" (di banyak bagian) digunakan untuk menggambarkan persebaran yang luas di berbagai wilayah dalam suatu area geografis yang lebih besar.
Wheat is harvested in many parts of Europe.
Gandum dipanen di banyak bagian Eropa.
EN: Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population, particularly in Asia. The wet-rice cultivation method (paddy farming) has shaped the landscape, social structures, and cultural traditions of many Asian countries for thousands of years.
EN: The Present Simple Passive (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe facts, general truths, or regular processes where the action is more important than the person performing it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (am/is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menjelaskan fakta, kebenaran umum, atau proses yang rutin, di mana tindakan itu sendiri lebih penting daripada orang yang melakukan tindakan.
Coffee beans are harvested in autumn.
Biji kopi dipanen pada musim gugur.
EN: The adverbial phrase 'by hand' is used to describe an action done manually using physical effort, rather than using machines.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa keterangan "by hand" (dengan tangan) digunakan untuk menjelaskan tindakan yang dilakukan secara manual oleh manusia, bukan menggunakan mesin.
EN: In many tea-producing regions of Asia, high-quality tea leaves are still harvested by hand to ensure only the finest top leaves and buds are selected, preserving the traditional craftsmanship of tea making.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (is/are + past participle) is used to describe regular actions, facts, or routines where the person performing the action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown. In this sentence, 'is baked' focuses on the bread itself rather than the baker.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menjelaskan tindakan yang terjadi secara rutin, fakta, atau rutinitas, di mana pelaku tindakan biasanya sudah jelas, tidak penting, atau tidak diketahui. Dalam kalimat ini, "is baked" (dipanggang) menempatkan fokus pada roti itu sendiri, bukan pada pembuat roti.
Letters are delivered to our office every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar ke kantor kami setiap sore.
EN: The word 'fresh' is used here as a flat adverb (an adverb that has the same form as its corresponding adjective) meaning 'newly' or 'recently'. It directly modifies the participle 'baked' to describe the state of the bread when the action occurs.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata "fresh" di sini digunakan sebagai kata keterangan tanpa akhiran (kata keterangan yang bentuknya sama dengan kata sifat), yang berarti "segar" atau "baru saja". Kata ini langsung menjelaskan kata "baked" (dipanggang) untuk menggambarkan keadaan roti saat tindakan terjadi.
The flowers were cut fresh from the garden.
Bunga-bunga ini baru saja dipotong segar dari kebun.
EN: In many Western cultures, buying freshly baked bread daily from a local bakery (or baking it at home) is a deeply rooted morning tradition, representing comfort, warmth, and the start of a new day.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice is used to describe facts, general truths, or regular actions when the agent (the person or thing doing the action) is obvious, unknown, or less important than the action itself. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif simple present (Present Simple Passive Voice) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta, kebenaran umum, atau tindakan yang terjadi secara rutin. Kalimat ini digunakan ketika pelaku tindakan sudah jelas, tidak diketahui, atau tidak sepenting tindakan itu sendiri. Strukturnya adalah "am/is/are + past participle (V3)".
Coffee is grown in Brazil.
Kopi ditanam di Brasil.
EN: The preposition 'on' is used with 'farm' (on a farm / on local farms) to indicate location, as a farm is considered an open area of land.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'on' digunakan dengan 'farm' (di pertanian) (contoh: on a farm atau on local farms) untuk menunjukkan lokasi, karena pertanian dalam bahasa Inggris dianggap sebagai sebidang tanah terbuka.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, there is a strong consumer preference for supporting 'local farms' and buying locally produced dairy and agriculture. This is associated with freshness, reducing carbon footprints (food miles), and supporting the local economy.
EN: The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'is made' is the present simple passive voice.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Strukturnya adalah "be + past participle (V3)". Dalam kalimat ini, "is made" adalah kalimat pasif present simple.
This book is written in English.
Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'be made from' is used when a substance is transformed into something else, and the original raw material is no longer visible or has changed its form (chemical or physical transformation). In contrast, 'be made of' is used when the original material is still recognizable.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa kata depan "be made from" digunakan ketika suatu bahan diubah menjadi zat lain, dan bahan aslinya tidak dapat dikenali lagi atau telah berubah bentuknya (perubahan kimia atau fisik). Sebaliknya, "be made of" digunakan ketika bahan aslinya masih dapat dikenali dengan jelas.
Paper is made from wood.
Kertas terbuat dari kayu.
EN: In Western culinary culture, cheese is classified by its source of milk (cow, goat, or sheep). Goat cheese (often referred to as 'chèvre' in French) has a distinct, tart flavor and is highly popular in Mediterranean and European cuisines.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'are washed' and 'are sold' are passive forms because the vegetables do not wash or sell themselves.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (am/is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menjelaskan tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Dalam kalimat ini, "are washed" (dicuci) dan "are sold" (dijual) keduanya berbentuk pasif karena sayuran tidak bisa mencuci atau menjual dirinya sendiri.
The letters are delivered every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar setiap sore.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating that the action in the main clause happens prior to the action in the subordinate clause. In this sentence, 'before' introduces the adverbial clause of time 'before they are sold'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sambung subordinatif "before" (sebelum) digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa, menunjukkan bahwa tindakan dalam klausa utama terjadi sebelum tindakan dalam klausa subordinat. Dalam kalimat ini, "before" memperkenalkan klausa keterangan waktu "before they are sold" (sebelum mereka dijual).
Please wash your hands before you eat.
Cuci tanganmu sebelum makan.
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the fruit), rather than who performs the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple: Dibentuk dengan "am/is/are + past participle". Digunakan ketika fokus pembicaraan adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan (di sini, buah), bukan pelaku tindakan.
The letters are delivered every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar setiap sore.
EN: Adverb Placement: The adverb 'carefully' is placed at the end of the sentence to describe the manner in which the action (is packed) is performed.
Bahasa Indonesia: Posisi kata keterangan: Kata keterangan "carefully" (dengan hati-hati) ditempatkan di akhir kalimat untuk menjelaskan cara tindakan (is packed, dikemas) dilakukan.
The glass was handled gently.
Gelas-gelas itu dipegang dengan lembut.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are dried' is the present simple passive, showing a general fact or regular process.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan ketika fokusnya ada pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pada pelaku. Dalam kalimat ini, "are dried" adalah kalimat pasif bentuk simple present, yang digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta umum atau langkah rutin.
The tea leaves are harvested in spring.
Daun teh dipanen pada musim semi.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'under the sun' acts as an adverbial of place/manner, indicating the location or condition under which the action of drying takes place.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional "under the sun" (di bawah sinar matahari) di sini berfungsi sebagai keterangan tempat atau cara, yang menunjukkan lokasi atau kondisi terjadinya tindakan "menjemur".
The wet clothes were hung under the sun.
Pakaian basah digantung untuk dijemur di bawah sinar matahari.
EN: Sun-drying is a traditional and natural method of processing coffee beans, often associated with 'natural' or 'dry process' coffees, which tend to have a sweeter and fruitier flavor profile compared to wet-processed beans.
EN: Passive Voice (Past Simple): Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed with 'was/were' + past participle (V3).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif past simple: Digunakan untuk menekankan tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Strukturnya adalah "was/were + past participle (V3)".
The letters were written by Mary.
Surat-surat ini ditulis oleh Mary.
EN: Prepositional Phrase 'by hand': An idiomatic phrase meaning made or done by a person using their hands, rather than by a machine.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa kata depan "by hand": Ungkapan idiomatik yang berarti "dengan tangan" atau "dibuat dengan tangan", bukan diproduksi dengan mesin.
This sweater was knitted by hand.
Sweater ini dirajut dengan tangan.
EN: In English-speaking countries, 'made by hand' or 'handmade' often carries a connotation of high quality, care, and premium value, contrasting with mass-produced factory goods.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is collected' emphasizes the process of gathering honey.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Di sini, "is collected" (dikumpulkan) menekankan proses pengambilan madu.
The mail is delivered every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar setiap sore.
EN: The preposition 'from' is used to indicate the source or origin of something. In this sentence, it shows that the busy bees are the source of the honey.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata depan "from" digunakan untuk menunjukkan sumber atau asal sesuatu. Dalam kalimat ini, kata ini menunjukkan bahwa lebah yang sibuk adalah sumber madu.
We get fresh milk from local farms.
Kami mendapatkan susu segar dari peternakan lokal.
EN: The phrase 'busy bee' is a common English idiom used to describe someone who is very active and hardworking. This sentence plays on that literal and figurative association, as bees are famously industrious creatures.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is grown' emphasizes the process of cultivating the food.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan ketika fokusnya ada pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pada pelaku. Di sini, "is grown" (ditanam) menekankan proses penanaman makanan.
The grapes are harvested in autumn.
Anggur-anggur ini dipanen pada musim gugur.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'with + noun' is used to describe the manner in which an action is performed, functioning as an adverbial modifier.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional "with + noun" digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan cara suatu tindakan dilakukan, di sini berfungsi sebagai keterangan cara, yang berarti "dengan cara.../dengan membawa...".
She painted the canvas with great passion.
Dia melukis kanvas itu dengan penuh semangat yang luar biasa.
EN: The phrase 'with great care' reflects a cultural appreciation for craftsmanship, agriculture, and mindful consumption. In many cultures, food is not just fuel but a product of dedication and respect for nature.
EN: The adverb 'hard' is used here to modify the intransitive verb 'work'. In English, some adverbs have the same form as their corresponding adjectives (known as flat adverbs), and 'hard' is one of them. It means with great energy or effort.
Bahasa Indonesia: Adverbia "hard" (dengan keras, dengan susah payah) di sini digunakan untuk memodifikasi kata kerja intransitif "work" (bekerja). Dalam bahasa Inggris, beberapa adverbia memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan kata sifat yang bersesuaian (disebut flat adverbs), dan "hard" adalah salah satunya, yang berarti mengerahkan energi atau usaha yang besar.
She works hard to support her family.
Dia bekerja keras untuk menghidupi keluarganya.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used to indicate purpose, reason, or the recipient of an action. In this sentence, 'for our meals' shows the purpose or beneficiary of the farmers' hard work.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi "for" di sini digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan, alasan, atau penerima manfaat dari suatu tindakan. Dalam kalimat ini, "for our meals" (untuk makanan kita) menunjukkan tujuan atau pihak yang diuntungkan dari kerja keras para petani.
We should thank them for their help.
Kita harus berterima kasih kepada mereka atas bantuan mereka.
EN: This sentence reflects a universal appreciation for agriculture and the labor involved in food production, emphasizing the connection between daily meals and the hard work of farmers.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here with 'ever' to ask about life experiences up to the present moment.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present perfect tense (have + past participle) digunakan di sini dengan 'ever' (pernah) untuk menanyakan pengalaman hidup seseorang hingga saat ini.
Have you ever visited a chocolate factory?
Apakah kamu pernah mengunjungi pabrik cokelat?
EN: An indirect question (noun clause) 'how our food is made' functions as the object of the verb 'wondered'. It uses statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat tidak langsung (klausa kata benda) 'how our food is made' berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata kerja 'wondered'. Kalimat ini menggunakan urutan kata pernyataan (subjek + kata kerja), bukan urutan kata pertanyaan.
Do you know where they grow these apples?
Apakah kamu tahu di mana mereka menanam apel-apel ini?
EN: In modern society, there is a growing movement toward food traceability and understanding farm-to-table processes, making this question highly relevant to contemporary consumers.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe facts, general truths, or processes where the doer of the action is obvious, unknown, or less important than the action itself. Here, 'is grown' focuses on the rice being cultivated.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (am/is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menjelaskan fakta, kebenaran umum, atau proses, di mana pelaku tindakan biasanya sudah jelas, tidak diketahui, atau tidak sepenting tindakan itu sendiri. Di sini, "is grown" (ditanam) menekankan proses penanaman padi.
Tea is grown on the hillsides of Taiwan.
Daun teh ditanam di lereng-lereng gunung di Taiwan.
EN: The preposition 'across' is used to describe movement or distribution throughout a wide area or in many parts of a country, region, or continent.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata depan "across" digunakan untuk menjelaskan pergerakan atau persebaran di seluruh area yang luas seperti negara, wilayah, atau benua (di seluruh, di berbagai).
This traditional festival is celebrated across Asia.
Perayaan tradisional ini dirayakan di berbagai wilayah di Asia.
EN: Wet-rice cultivation (paddy farming) in flooded fields is a signature agricultural landscape and a cornerstone of food security and culture across many Asian countries.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are dried' and '[are] packed' are passive verbs describing what happens to 'the grains'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan ketika fokusnya ada pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pada pelaku. Dalam kalimat ini, "are dried" (dikeringkan) dan "[are] packed" (dikemas) keduanya merupakan kata kerja pasif yang menggambarkan proses yang dialami oleh "biji-bijian".
The letters are sorted and then delivered to each office.
Surat-surat disortir, lalu dikirim ke berbagai kantor.
EN: Ellipsis in Coordinate Clauses: When two passive verbs share the same subject ('the grains') and auxiliary verb ('are'), the auxiliary verb can be omitted in the second clause to avoid repetition (e.g., 'and then [are] packed').
Bahasa Indonesia: Elipsis dalam klausa koordinatif: Ketika dua kata kerja pasif berbagi subjek yang sama (the grains) dan kata kerja bantu yang sama (are), kata kerja bantu pada klausa kedua dapat dihilangkan untuk menghindari pengulangan (contoh: and then [are] packed).
The apples are washed and then sliced into small pieces.
Apel dicuci, lalu dipotong kecil-kecil.
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'. It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple: Dibentuk dengan "am/is/are + past participle". Digunakan ketika tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan lebih penting daripada pelaku tindakan.
The mail is delivered every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar setiap sore.
EN: Prepositional Phrase of Manner ('by hand'): Used to describe how an action is performed, specifically indicating manual labor without the use of machinery.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa kata depan yang menunjukkan cara (by hand): Digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana suatu tindakan dilakukan, terutama merujuk pada pekerjaan yang dilakukan dengan tangan, bukan dengan mesin.
These beautiful rugs were woven by hand.
Karpet-karpet indah ini ditenun dengan tangan.
EN: In many traditional tea-producing regions across Asia, high-quality tea leaves are still harvested by hand rather than by machines. This labor-intensive process ensures that only the youngest and most tender leaves (usually the bud and the top two leaves) are selected, which is crucial for producing premium tea.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are rolled and dried' shows what happens to the tea leaves.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Di sini, "are rolled and dried" (digulung dan dikeringkan) menunjukkan proses yang dialami daun teh.
The grapes are harvested and pressed to make wine.
Anggur dipanen dan diperas untuk membuat anggur.
EN: Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): Used to express the reason or purpose for doing something, equivalent to 'in order to'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Infinitif untuk tujuan (to + kata kerja dasar): Digunakan untuk menyatakan alasan atau tujuan melakukan sesuatu, setara dengan "untuk...".
She wakes up early to exercise before work.
Dia bangun pagi untuk berolahraga sebelum bekerja.
EN: The sentence describes the traditional orthodox method of tea processing, which involves rolling (to bruise the leaves and release flavorful juices) and drying (to stop oxidation). This highlights the craftsmanship involved in tea production, which is highly valued in many Asian cultures.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (is/are + past participle) is used to describe regular actions, habits, or general truths when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menjelaskan tindakan yang rutin, kebiasaan, atau fakta objektif. Ketika kita ingin menempatkan fokus pada tindakan itu sendiri atau objek yang menerima tindakan, bukan pelaku, kita menggunakan struktur ini.
Letters are delivered to the office every afternoon.
Surat-surat itu diantar ke kantor setiap sore.
EN: Adverbial phrases of time and place are often placed at the end of a sentence. When both are present, the adverbial of place ('in ovens') usually precedes the adverbial of time ('early each day').
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa kata keterangan tempat dan waktu biasanya ditempatkan di bagian akhir kalimat. Ketika keduanya muncul bersamaan, biasanya tempat (in ovens) didahulukan, baru waktu (early each day).
The children play in the park after school.
Anak-anak bermain di taman setelah pulang sekolah.
EN: In many Western cultures, bakeries operate very early in the morning so that fresh bread, a daily staple, is ready for customers at breakfast time. This routine is a classic symbol of local community life.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is collected' and '(is) tested' are passive verbs sharing the same subject 'Milk'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika fokusnya ada pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pada pelaku. Dalam kalimat ini, "is collected" (dikumpulkan) dan "(is) tested" (diuji) keduanya merupakan kata kerja pasif yang berbagi subjek yang sama, yaitu "Milk" (susu).
The letters are delivered by the mail carrier every afternoon.
Surat-surat diantar oleh tukang pos setiap sore.
EN: Ellipsis in Coordinate Clauses: When two clauses with the same subject and auxiliary verb are joined by a conjunction like 'and', the repeated subject and auxiliary verb ('is' in this case) can be omitted in the second clause to avoid repetition.
Bahasa Indonesia: Elipsis dalam klausa koordinatif: Ketika dua klausa dengan subjek dan kata kerja bantu (atau be) yang sama dihubungkan oleh konjungsi koordinatif (seperti 'and'), subjek dan kata kerja bantu yang berulang pada klausa kedua (dalam kalimat ini, 'is') dapat dihilangkan untuk menghindari pengulangan yang tidak perlu.
The food was prepared with care and served to the guests.
Makanan disiapkan dengan hati-hati dan disajikan kepada para tamu.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are grown' and '[are] sold' are passive verbs describing what happens to 'many fruits'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika fokus pembicaraan adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Dalam kalimat ini, "are grown" (ditanam) dan "[are] sold" (dijual) adalah kata kerja pasif untuk menjelaskan tindakan yang dialami oleh "many fruits" (banyak buah).
These books are printed in Taiwan.
Buku-buku ini dicetak di Taiwan.
EN: Ellipsis in Coordinate Clauses: When two passive verbs share the same subject and auxiliary verb ('are'), the auxiliary verb can be omitted in the second clause to avoid repetition (e.g., 'are grown... and [are] sold').
Bahasa Indonesia: Penghilangan dalam klausa koordinat: Ketika dua kata kerja pasif memiliki subjek dan kata kerja bantu (are) yang sama, kata kerja bantu pada klausa kedua dapat dihilangkan untuk menghindari pengulangan (contoh: 'are grown... and [are] sold').
The letters were written and mailed yesterday.
Surat-surat itu ditulis dan dikirim kemarin.
EN: In English-speaking countries, buying food 'locally' at 'farmers' markets' is highly valued as a sustainable, eco-friendly lifestyle choice that supports local farmers and ensures freshness.
EN: The passive voice is used to focus on the person or thing affected by the action. It is formed with 'be + past participle' (is produced). The agent (the doer of the action) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) digunakan untuk menempatkan fokus pada orang atau benda yang menerima tindakan. Strukturnya adalah "be + past participle" (is produced). Pelaku tindakan (pelaku) diperkenalkan dengan kata depan "by".
This beautiful song was written by a young musician.
Lagu yang indah ini diciptakan oleh seorang musisi muda.
EN: The word 'hardworking' is a compound adjective formed by combining the adverb 'hard' and the present participle 'working'. It is used before a noun to describe someone who puts a lot of effort into their work.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata "hardworking" adalah kata sifat majemuk yang dibentuk dengan menggabungkan kata keterangan "hard" (dengan keras) dan present participle "working" (bekerja). Kata ini biasanya digunakan sebelum kata benda untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang bekerja sangat keras dan tekun.
The hardworking students passed the exam with flying colors.
Siswa-siswa yang rajin itu lulus ujian dengan nilai yang sangat baik.
EN: This sentence reflects a growing global awareness and appreciation for the agricultural supply chain and the labor-intensive process of food production. In many cultures, there is an increasing emphasis on supporting local farmers and acknowledging the hard work of those who provide our daily meals.
EN: The sentence uses the Present Simple Passive Voice ('is grown') to describe a general fact or process where the agent (the person doing the action) is not the main focus. The structure is: Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle (V3).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan kalimat pasif present simple ('is grown') untuk menjelaskan fakta umum atau proses, di mana pelaku tindakan bukanlah fokus. Strukturnya adalah: subjek + am/is/are + past participle (V3).
How is tea processed after it is picked?
Bagaimana daun teh diproses setelah dipetik?
EN: This is an information question (Wh- question) in the passive voice. It begins with the question word 'How', followed by the auxiliary verb 'is', the subject 'rice', and the past participle 'grown'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Ini adalah pertanyaan informasi (pertanyaan Wh-) dalam bentuk pasif. Pertanyaan ini dimulai dengan kata tanya "How" (bagaimana), diikuti oleh kata kerja bantu "is", subjek "rice" (padi), dan past participle "grown" (ditanam).
Where is coffee grown?
Di mana kopi ditanam?
EN: In English conversations, adding the listener's name (like 'Emma') at the end of a question is a common way to make the dialogue feel more personal, friendly, and direct.
EN: Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple: Digunakan ketika fokusnya ada pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Strukturnya adalah "am/is/are + past participle (p.p.)".
The tea leaves are picked by hand.
Daun teh dipetik dengan tangan.
EN: Agent with 'by': In passive sentences, the person or thing that performs the action (the agent) is introduced using the preposition 'by'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Menggunakan "by" untuk memperkenalkan pelaku tindakan: dalam kalimat pasif, orang atau benda yang melakukan tindakan (pelaku) diperkenalkan dengan kata depan "by".
This book was written by a famous author.
Buku ini ditulis oleh seorang penulis terkenal.
EN: The mention of 'wet fields' (often called paddy fields) refers to the traditional method of growing rice in flooded areas, which is a staple agricultural practice across many Asian countries.
EN: Passive Voice in Questions (Past Simple): To ask a question in the passive voice about a past action, we use the structure 'Was/Were + subject + past participle'. This structure is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the bread), rather than who performed it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif dalam pertanyaan (Past Simple): Untuk mengajukan pertanyaan tentang tindakan pasif yang terjadi di masa lalu, kita menggunakan struktur "Was/Were + subjek + past participle". Ini digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau objek yang menerima tindakan (roti), bukan pelaku tindakan.
Was this letter written yesterday?
Apakah surat ini ditulis kemarin?
EN: Demonstrative Adjectives: 'This' is a demonstrative adjective used to point out a specific singular noun (bread) that is close to the speaker in terms of space or time.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata sifat penunjuk: "This" (ini) adalah kata sifat penunjuk yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kata benda tunggal tertentu (roti) yang dekat dengan pembicara dalam ruang atau waktu.
This coffee tastes delicious.
Kopi ini terasa sangat lezat.
EN: The past simple passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to emphasize the action rather than the person who performed it. Here, 'was baked' focuses on the bread being baked.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif past simple (was/were + past participle) digunakan untuk menekankan tindakan itu sendiri, bukan orang yang melakukan tindakan. Di sini, "was baked" (dipanggang) menempatkan fokus pada proses pembuatan roti.
The letter was written yesterday.
Surat itu ditulis kemarin.
EN: The word 'just' is used as an adverb here to mean 'very recently' or 'only a moment ago', emphasizing that the action happened very close to the present time.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata keterangan "just" di sini berarti "baru saja" atau "sangat baru-baru ini", digunakan untuk menekankan bahwa tindakan terjadi sangat dekat dengan waktu sekarang.
She just finished her homework.
Dia baru saja menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that baked goods are 'fresh' or baked 'just this morning' is a strong selling point for local bakeries and cafes, highlighting quality and local craftsmanship.
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice (Interrogative): Used to ask about a regular action or general truth where the receiver of the action (tea) is more important than the doer. It is formed by placing the auxiliary verb 'be' (Is/Are) at the beginning, followed by the subject and the past participle of the main verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat tanya pasif simple present: Digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang tindakan rutin atau fakta umum, di mana penerima tindakan (daun teh) lebih penting daripada pelaku. Strukturnya adalah dengan menempatkan kata kerja bantu "be" (Is/Are) di awal kalimat, diikuti oleh subjek dan past participle dari kata kerja utama.
Are these grapes grown in France?
Apakah anggur-anggur ini ditanam di Prancis?
EN: The preposition 'by' to indicate agency: In passive sentences, 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person, animal, or thing) that performs the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi "by" untuk menunjukkan pelaku: Dalam kalimat pasif, "by" digunakan untuk memperkenalkan subjek yang melakukan tindakan (orang, hewan, atau benda).
The cake was made by my mother.
Kue ini dibuat oleh ibuku.
EN: In many traditional tea-producing regions in Asia, high-quality tea leaves are still hand-picked to ensure only the finest buds and leaves are selected, as machines can damage the delicate plants. Asking whether tea is picked by machines often relates to the discussion of tea quality and artisanal versus industrial production.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here ('is picked') to focus on the action being done to the subject (the tea) rather than the person performing the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan di sini ('is picked') untuk menempatkan fokus pada tindakan yang dialami oleh subjek (teh), bukan pada orang yang melakukan tindakan.
The grapes are harvested in autumn.
Anggur-anggur ini dipanen pada musim gugur.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'by hand' is an adverbial phrase of manner, indicating that the action is performed manually rather than by machines.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional "by hand" (dengan tangan) berfungsi sebagai keterangan cara atau tempat, yang menunjukkan bahwa tindakan tersebut dilakukan secara manual, bukan dengan mesin.
EN: In many traditional tea-producing regions, high-quality teas (especially top-grade green tea or oolong tea) are still harvested exclusively by hand. Hand-picking ensures that only the tenderest young leaves and buds (often 'one bud and two leaves') are selected, preventing damage that mechanical harvesters might cause.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'were grown' is the past simple passive, indicating that the action of growing the apples happened in the past.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Di sini, "were grown" adalah kalimat pasif past simple, menunjukkan bahwa tindakan menanam apel terjadi di masa lalu.
These grapes were harvested last month.
Anggur-anggur ini dipanen bulan lalu.
EN: The preposition 'on' is typically used with 'farm' to indicate location (on a farm), rather than 'in' or 'at'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata depan "on" biasanya digunakan dengan "farm" (peternakan) untuk menunjukkan lokasi (di peternakan), bukan menggunakan "in" atau "at".
My grandparents live on a dairy farm.
Kakek dan nenek saya tinggal di sebuah peternakan sapi perah.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, there is a strong 'farm-to-table' movement and a preference for buying locally grown produce ('local farm') to support the community and ensure freshness.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is delivered' shows that the milk receives the action of delivery.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle): Digunakan ketika fokus adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Di sini, "is delivered" menunjukkan bahwa susu adalah objek yang menerima tindakan "mengantar".
The mail is delivered at noon.
Surat-surat itu diantar pada tengah hari.
EN: Object Complement (Adjective describing state): The adjective 'fresh' functions as a subject complement describing the state of the milk when it is delivered, rather than an adverb modifying the verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Pelengkap subjek (kata sifat yang menjelaskan keadaan): Kata sifat "fresh" di sini berfungsi sebagai pelengkap subjek, menjelaskan keadaan "segar" susu saat diantar, bukan menggunakan kata keterangan untuk menjelaskan kata kerja.
The fish was served hot.
Ikan ini disajikan dalam keadaan panas.
EN: In many Western countries, historically, milkmen delivered fresh milk in glass bottles directly to people's doorsteps every morning. While less common now due to supermarkets, local dairy delivery services still exist as a premium, eco-friendly option.
EN: The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are made' emphasizes the process of making the snacks, while the actual makers are either unknown or less important.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present simple (am/is/are + past participle) digunakan untuk menekankan tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan. Dalam kalimat ini, "are made" (dibuat) menekankan proses pembuatan kue, sedangkan pembuatnya tidak diketahui atau tidak penting.
These books are printed in Taiwan.
Buku-buku ini dicetak di Taiwan.
EN: The preposition 'in' is used to indicate a position inside a defined three-dimensional space or building, such as 'small shops'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata depan "in" digunakan untuk menunjukkan posisi di dalam ruang tiga dimensi atau bangunan tertentu, seperti "small shops" (toko-toko kecil).
We had lunch in a cozy restaurant.
Kami makan siang di sebuah restoran yang nyaman.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, there is a strong appreciation for 'small shops' or local independent bakeries and confectioneries. Buying snacks made in small, local shops is often associated with higher quality, supporting the local economy, and traditional craftsmanship compared to mass-produced factory goods.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here ('is produced') to focus on the receiver of the action (good food) rather than the agent who performs the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (be + past participle) digunakan di sini ("is produced") untuk memfokuskan perhatian pada penerima tindakan (makanan lezat), bukan pada subjek yang melakukan tindakan.
This book was written by a famous author.
Buku ini ditulis oleh seorang penulis terkenal.
EN: The preposition 'with' is used to express the manner or attitude with which an action is performed, followed by abstract nouns ('love and care').
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi "with" di sini digunakan untuk menyatakan cara atau sikap dalam melakukan suatu tindakan, diikuti oleh kata benda abstrak ("love and care").
She completed the difficult task with patience.
Dia menyelesaikan tugas yang berat itu dengan penuh kesabaran.
EN: The phrase 'made with love' or 'produced with love and care' is a common English expression used by home cooks, bakers, and artisanal food producers to emphasize the high quality, dedication, and personal touch put into preparing food, contrasting it with mass-produced industrial food.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: terendam air, tergenang air (mengacu pada kondisi irigasi sawah)
Dalam konteks: memproduksi, membuat (mengacu pada hasil pertanian atau produk makanan)
Dalam konteks: mengumpulkan, memanen (mengacu pada mengumpulkan madu atau memerah susu)
Dalam konteks: secara lokal, di daerah setempat
Dalam konteks: mengantar, mengirim, menyampaikan
Dalam konteks: bertanya-tanya, ingin tahu
Dalam konteks: biji-bijian, bulir (seperti gabah, biji gandum)
Dalam konteks: digulung, diremas (proses menggulung daun teh dalam pembuatan teh)
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
Done by a person using their hands rather than by a machine.
dengan tangan, secara manual (bukan dengan mesin)
Agricultural fields, typically for rice cultivation, that are intentionally covered with water.
sawah, ladang yang digenangi air
Doing something very carefully and with a lot of attention to detail.
dengan sangat hati-hati, dengan penuh ketelitian
Examined or analyzed to ensure that something is safe for consumption or use.
melakukan uji keamanan