Laboratory Work
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EN: Use 'Good morning' as a standard greeting from sunrise until noon.
Good morning, class!
EN: In English-speaking cultures, it is common and polite to add the person's name after a greeting, especially in a professional or educational setting like a lab.
EN: Use 'Good morning' as a polite greeting from the time you wake up until around noon.
Good morning, Mom!
EN: In academic settings, it is common and respectful to address teachers by their title (Professor) followed by their last name.
EN: Use 'Welcome to' followed by a place to greet someone arriving at a specific location.
Welcome to my home.
EN: In a professional or academic setting, 'Welcome to...' is a standard way to make someone feel comfortable in a new environment.
EN: Use 'I am' followed by an adjective to describe your current feelings or state.
I am happy.
EN: In English-speaking academic or professional settings, it is common and encouraged to express positive emotions like excitement when starting a new project or experiment.
EN: Use 'is' to connect a subject (Today) with a description or identity (your first experiment).
Today is my birthday.
EN: In academic settings, professors often use encouraging phrases like this to build a student's confidence during their first practical task.
EN: Use 'First' at the beginning of a sentence to show the order of actions or to introduce the first step in a process.
First, we wash our hands.
EN: In academic and professional settings, safety briefings are mandatory before starting any practical work. Using 'First' emphasizes that safety is the top priority.
EN: Use 'What do I + verb?' to ask for instructions or requirements.
What do I do now?
EN: In a learning or lab environment, asking 'What do I need?' shows readiness and a proactive attitude to follow safety protocols.
EN: Use the verb 'need' followed by a noun to express that something is necessary or required.
You need a pen.
EN: In science labs, 'safety glasses' is a specific term for protective eyewear. It is always plural because it has two lenses.
EN: Use 'also' before the main verb to add more information to a list of requirements.
I also need a pen.
EN: In a laboratory setting, safety equipment like gloves and glasses are mandatory. Using 'also' helps the professor list these items clearly one by one.
EN: Use 'Where are...' to ask about the location of more than one person or thing.
Where are the books?
EN: In English, items like 'glasses', 'scissors', and 'pants' are always plural because they consist of two parts. Therefore, we use 'are' instead of 'is'.
EN: Use 'They are' to talk about the location of more than one thing.
They are in the bag.
EN: In a lab setting, being precise about where equipment is located is important for safety and efficiency.
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give commands or instructions. They usually start with a verb and do not need a subject like 'you'.
Look at the map.
EN: In a lab or classroom setting, a professor uses 'Now' to signal a transition to the next step of an activity.
EN: Use 's' at the end of nouns to show there is more than one thing (plural).
I have two books.
EN: In a science lab, 'tubes' usually refers to 'test tubes'. Using specific names for equipment is common in professional settings.
EN: Use 'What is...' to ask for information about a specific thing or idea.
What is your name?
EN: In academic settings, professors often use 'Good' as a marker to transition to the next part of the lesson or to encourage students.
EN: Use 'What is...?' to ask for the definition or meaning of a singular noun.
What is a telescope?
EN: In academic and scientific settings, it is very common and encouraged to ask for clarification when you encounter a new technical term like 'hypothesis'.
EN: Use 'A is B' to define a word or concept. The verb 'is' acts like an equal sign (=).
A cat is an animal.
EN: In academic settings, professors often simplify complex terms for students using this direct 'A is B' structure to encourage participation.
EN: Use 'What do you think...' to ask for someone's opinion or prediction about a situation.
What do you think he wants?
EN: In a scientific context, this question is often used to encourage students to make a prediction or state their hypothesis before an experiment.
EN: Use 'I think' followed by a sentence to express your opinion or guess about something.
I think it is cold.
EN: In a science lab, using 'I think' is a common way to state a hypothesis or a prediction before seeing the final result.
EN: Use 'Let us' (or the contraction 'Let's') followed by a base verb to make a suggestion or invite someone to do an activity together.
Let us read the book.
EN: In a classroom or lab setting, a professor uses 'Let us' to guide students and signal the transition to a new task.
EN: In spoken English, you can turn a statement into a question by raising your voice at the end (rising intonation), even without changing the word order.
You like coffee?
EN: In a learning or lab environment, it is common for students to use short, direct sentences to confirm instructions with a teacher or professor.
EN: Use 'Now' at the beginning of a sentence to signal that a new action or step is starting.
Now we eat.
EN: In a scientific or instructional context, 'Now we wait' is a common phrase used when a process takes time to show results.
EN: Use 'is getting' + adjective to describe a change that is happening right now.
The weather is getting cold.
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give commands or instructions. They start with a base verb and usually do not have a subject because the subject is understood to be 'you'.
Open the book.
EN: In a lab or classroom setting, a professor uses direct imperatives like 'Write the result' to guide students through a process efficiently. It is seen as helpful guidance rather than being rude.
EN: Use 'What do I + verb?' to ask for instructions or information about an action you need to perform.
What do I say?
EN: In a classroom or lab setting, it is common and polite to ask for specific instructions using this direct question format.
EN: This is an imperative sentence. It starts with a verb to give a command or instruction. You do not need to say 'You'.
Open the door.
EN: In a lab or classroom setting, professors use direct imperatives like this to guide students through steps. It is professional and efficient, not necessarily rude.
EN: Use 'is' to connect a singular subject (the result) with a description or a number.
The temperature is 20 degrees.
EN: In scientific contexts, degrees usually refer to Celsius unless specified otherwise, but in the US, Fahrenheit is common for daily life.
EN: To ask a question with 'is', put 'Is' at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject.
Is the water hot?
EN: In a scientific context, asking if a hypothesis is 'correct' is a standard way to evaluate the results of an experiment.
EN: Use 'is' to describe a singular noun (like 'the water') with an adjective (like 'hot').
The coffee is cold.
EN: Use 'Excellent' + 'Noun' to give high praise for a specific task or effort.
Excellent idea, Tom.
EN: In English-speaking academic or professional settings, it is common for professors or supervisors to use first names and offer direct positive reinforcement to encourage students.
EN: Use 'I like + noun' to express your preference or positive feelings about something.
I like this book.
EN: In an educational or professional setting, expressing enthusiasm like 'I like this experiment!' is a great way to show engagement and build a positive relationship with a teacher or mentor.
EN: In simple English, we often use the present tense to talk about planned future events, especially when we mention a time like 'next week'.
We start the class tomorrow.
EN: In a teacher-student relationship, 'We do more next week' is a common way to encourage students and show that the learning journey continues.
EN: Use 'Thank you' followed by a comma and a person's name or title to show polite appreciation directly to them.
Thank you, Ms. White!
EN: In academic settings, it is common and respectful to address teachers by their title (Professor) followed by their last name.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
Protective eyewear used to prevent injury to the eyes.
To direct one's gaze toward someone or something.
To begin a scientific test or investigation.
Cylindrical glass containers used in laboratory experiments, specifically 'test tubes'.
A specific unit of measurement for temperature.