EN: Use the Present Continuous tense (am/is/are + verb-ing) to talk about events or activities happening around now.
The Olympic Games are taking place in Paris this summer.
EN: The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. Glasgow hosted a very successful Games in 2014 and is famous for its vibrant sports culture.
EN: We use the simple past tense of 'have' ('had') to talk about events that happened on a specific past day or time.
Day one had many fun activities for kids.
EN: The Commonwealth Games is a major international multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. Track cycling and weightlifting are two popular, high-profile events in these games.
EN: We use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose of an action (why someone does something).
He went to the store to buy some milk.
EN: Use the possessive form ('s) to show that something belongs to a person or place.
Scotland's team played very well today.
EN: In international sports competitions like the Commonwealth Games, athletes compete under the flags of their individual constituent countries (e.g., England, Scotland, Wales) rather than 'Great Britain' as in the Olympics.
EN: Use 'want to + base verb' to talk about what someone desires or plans to do.
He wants to win a medal.
EN: In sports terminology, to 'defend a title' means an athlete or team is competing to maintain their champion status after winning in a previous competition.
EN: Use 'and' to join two actions done by the same person in the past.
He opened the door and walked inside.
EN: Use the past tense 'broke' (past of 'break') to talk about an action completed in the past, such as setting a new record.
He broke the school record in the 100-meter race yesterday.
EN: The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, held every four years.
EN: We use 'have a great day' to express that someone had a very good or successful experience during a specific day.
She had a great day at school yesterday.
EN: At international sporting events like the Commonwealth Games, athletes from the UK compete under their individual home nations (such as Scotland, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) rather than as 'Great Britain'.
EN: Use 'win + event/match' to say someone got first place in a competition, and use the past tense 'won' for events that already finished.
She won the race yesterday.
EN: In Para-cycling at events like the Commonwealth Games, visually impaired athletes race on tandem bicycles with a sighted pilot at the front. Neil Fachie is one of Scotland's most successful paralympians in this discipline.
EN: Use the verb 'mean' followed by a clause (subject + verb) to explain the definition or meaning of something.
A marathon means runners complete a distance of 42 kilometers.
EN: In para-cycling at events like the Commonwealth Games, tandem racing is featured for athletes with visual impairments, who ride in the back ('stoker') paired with a sighted guide in the front ('pilot').
EN: Use ordinal numbers (like 'sixth') after a possessive name or pronoun to show the sequence or position of something in a series.
This is Herry's second trip to Japan.
EN: The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. Winning six gold medals is a significant achievement, highlighting Neil Fachie's long and successful career in track cycling.
EN: Use 'was' with adjectives (like 'happy') to describe how someone felt in the past.
She was very tired after work.
EN: We use 'be going to' in the past tense ('were going to') to talk about something we expected or planned to happen in the future from a past point of view.
I did not think it was going to rain today.
EN: Athletes who come out of retirement to compete, like Scotland's Neil Fachie, often express humble surprise at winning gold, as returning to top form after a break is exceptionally difficult in professional sports.
EN: Use 'come out of retirement' to describe when someone stops being retired and returns to their work or sport.
The famous singer came out of retirement to do one last concert.
EN: In professional sports, athletes often 'come out of retirement' when a major event like the Commonwealth Games takes place, driven by a desire to compete one last time or represent their nation.
EN: Use the Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) to show that an action happened before another past event or point in time.
She had finished her homework before her mother came home.
EN: In professional sports, 'retirement' refers to an athlete officially ending their competitive career. Coming 'out of retirement' means returning to professional competition for a special event or opportunity, which often creates an exciting narrative for fans.
EN: Use 'both A and B' to talk about two things or people together. It shows that the sentence applies to both of them.
This course is suitable for both beginners and experts.
EN: England and Scotland are two separate home nations competing individually at the Commonwealth Games, unlike the Olympic Games where they compete together under Team GB (Great Britain).
EN: You can report or express a belief using a 'that clause' after verbs like 'show' or 'think'. The word 'that' can be left out, especially in simple sentences.
He showed he is a good friend.
EN: Emily Campbell is a well-known British weightlifter who won medals at the Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games, making her a prominent figure in UK sports.
EN: Use 'prove (that) + sentence' to show that something is true through facts or actions. The word 'that' can be left out.
She proved she is a great singer.
EN: Neil Fachie is a famous Scottish visually impaired track cyclist who competes in tandem events with a sighted pilot. Track cycling takes place on a specialized banked indoor track called a velodrome.
EN: Use 'will + base verb' to talk about events or future predictions.
We will watch the games tomorrow.
EN: The Commonwealth Games is a multinational multi-sport event held every four years, featuring athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. Unlike the Olympics, the United Kingdom competes as its individual constituent countries (e.g., England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland).
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
A bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes.
To achieve a better result than the previous best in a sports or other competition.
To return to one's professional career or sport after having previously stopped working or competing.