EN: The structure 'fewer than + count noun' is used for quantifiable elements. When followed by 'percent of + plural noun', it takes a plural verb (consume) because 'businesses' is plural.
中文: 「fewer than + 可數名詞」用於可計數的對象。當後面接「percent of + 複數名詞」時,動詞需配合該複數名詞使用複數形式(如本句中的 consume)。
Fewer than ten percent of the students were able to pass the advanced mathematics exam.
不到百分之十的學生能夠通過這門高等數學考試。
EN: Comparative clause with 'more... than... combined': 'Combined' acts as a post-positive modifier meaning 'when added together', emphasizing the aggregate amount compared to a single group.
中文: 帶有「more... than... combined」的比較從句:後置修飾詞「combined」意為「加總起來」,用以強調與單一對照組相比時的總量龐大。
The country spends more on healthcare annually than the next three nations combined.
該國每年在醫療保健上的支出,比接下來三個國家的總和還要多。
EN: The Present Perfect tense ('has uncovered') is used here to introduce news or recent findings that have strong relevance to the current situation.
中文: 現在完成式(has uncovered)在此用於引出最新新聞報導或調查發現,強調該過去發生的事實對當前局勢具有重大相關性。
A recent study has revealed that sleep deprivation significantly impairs cognitive performance.
最近的一項研究揭露,缺乏睡眠會顯著降低認知能力。
EN: In the UK, particularly during hot summers, regional water companies often implement 'hosepipe bans' to conserve water. These bans restrict domestic activities like watering gardens or washing cars. This sentence highlights the public tension when residents face tight household water restrictions while large industrial plants consume vast quantities with comparatively fewer limitations.
中文: 在英國,特別是夏季炎熱時期,區域水務公司常實施「水管禁令(hosepipe bans)」以節約用水,限制居民使用水管澆花、洗車等日常活動。本句揭示了社會公眾關注的焦點矛盾:當普通家庭面臨嚴格限水時,大型工業企業卻在相對缺乏限制的情況下消耗著極龐大的水資源。
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate time (meaning 'at the same time that' or 'while'), establishing a simultaneous temporal relationship between the revelation and the ongoing crisis.
中文: 從屬連詞「as」在此處表示時間(意為「在……的同時」或「當……之際」),用以建立「揭露真相」與「當前危機」兩者同時發生的時間關聯。
Tensions escalated as negotiators failed to reach an agreement before the midnight deadline.
由於談判人員未能在午夜截止日期前達成協議,緊張局勢隨之升級。
EN: The subject 'approximately three-quarters of the country' uses a fraction/percentage phrase. The verb agreement ('endures') is determined by the noun following 'of' ('the country', which is singular), not by the fraction itself.
中文: 主詞「approximately three-quarters of the country」包含分數結構。主詞與動詞的單複數一致性(使用單數動詞「endures」)取決於介詞「of」後方的名詞(單數的「the country」),而非分數本身。
Nearly two-thirds of the building was damaged in the fire.
這棟建築物的大約三分之二在火災中受損。
EN: A 'hosepipe ban' is an official restriction on using outdoor garden hoses and sprinklers, commonly issued by UK water companies during dry spells to conserve water supplies. It reflects a distinct cultural aspect of British environmental and public resource management during droughts.
中文: 「Hosepipe ban」(水管澆水禁令)是英國水務公司在乾旱期間發布的官方限制措施,禁止民眾使用戶外花園水管與灑水器洗車或澆花,以節約公共用水。這反映了英國在面臨乾旱時獨特的資源管理與社會生活文化。
EN: Apposition using a noun phrase with a participial modifier: The noun phrase 'the body overseeing...' serves as an appositive to 'Mosl', explaining its identity or role. Inside the appositive, the present participle 'overseeing' functions as a reduced relative clause (which oversees...).
中文: 同位語與分詞修飾語:名詞片語「the body overseeing...」作為「Mosl」的同位語,用以解釋其身份或職責。在同位語內部,現在分詞「overseeing」相當於簡化的關係子句(which oversees...)。
According to Ofcom, the agency regulating British broadcasting, media consumption has shifted drastically online.
根據監管英國廣播業的機構 Ofcom 表示,媒體消費已大幅轉移至網路。
EN: The verb 'total' as a stative verb meaning 'to add up to' or 'amount to'. In this active construction, 'totals' takes a direct numerical value as its object, presenting a precise measurement without needing a preposition like 'to'.
中文: 動詞「total」作為狀態動詞表示「總計為」或「達到」。在此主動結構中,「totals」直接接數量數值作為受詞,精確呈現數據,無需搭配介系詞(如 to)。
The company's annual expenditure on renewable energy totals five million dollars.
該公司每年在再生能源上的支出總計為五百萬美元。
EN: Mosl (Market Operator Services Limited) is the non-profit market operator for the non-household water market in England and Wales. Established following the deregulation of the business water sector, Mosl plays a pivotal role in managing data and market transactions between water retailers and wholesalers.
中文: Mosl(市場營運服務有限公司)是英格蘭和威爾斯非住宅(企業)用水市場的非營利營運機構。隨着商業用水市場的自由化開放而成立,Mosl 在管理水費零售商與批發商之間的數據及市場交易中扮演關鍵角色。
EN: The phrasal verb 'account for' is used here to indicate proportion or percentage, meaning 'to make up or constitute a specified amount or portion of a total'.
中文: 動詞短語「account for」在此處表示佔比或比例,意為「占(某總數的特定數量或比例)」。
Renewable energy sources account for nearly forty percent of the country's total electricity generation.
可再生能源占該國總發電量的將近四成。
EN: The absolute construction 'with + noun phrase + participle (or adjective phrase)' is used to append supplementary information or background circumstances to the main clause.
中文: 使用「with + 名詞短語 + 分詞(或形容詞短語)」的獨立主詞/複合結構,用來對主句補充說明附加情況或背景背景資訊。
The company expanded rapidly, with over half of its profits generated from overseas markets.
該公司迅速擴張,其中超過一半的利潤來自海外市場。
EN: 'Concentrated' is a past participle functioning as a post-modifier (or objective complement/predicate in the absolute structure), describing the state of being gathered or localized in a specific area.
中文: 「concentrated」為過去分詞,在此複合結構中充當後置修飾語(補語),用以描述某事物被集中或局限於特定區域的狀態。
High technology industries remain concentrated in the southern part of the state.
高科技產業依然集中在該州的南部地區。
EN: Inverted second conditional (formal hypothetical in the present/future). When 'if' is omitted in a subjunctive condition, the auxiliary verb 'were' moves to the front of the subject: 'Were + subject + to-infinitive'.
中文: 倒裝第二條件句(用於正式語氣的現在或未來假設)。當省略條件句中的「if」時,助動詞「were」會提至主詞之前,形成「Were + 主詞 + 不定詞 (to V)」的結構。
Were the committee to approve the proposal, construction would begin immediately.
倘若委員會批准該提案,施工將立即開始。
EN: The linking verb 'prove' followed by an adjective means 'to turn out to be' or 'to be found to be'. Here, 'even more alarming' functions as a subject complement.
中文: 連綴動詞「prove」後面接形容詞,表示「結果證實為……」或「顯得……」。在此處,「even more alarming」作為主詞補語,用來說明主詞的狀態。
The initial cost estimates proved far too optimistic.
最初的成本估計結果證實過於樂觀。
EN: In British public discourse and environmental policy contexts, inverted conditionals like 'Were the government to...' are frequently used in quality journalism and parliamentary reports to convey a high level of formality and legal/policy nuance.
中文: 在英國的公共政策討論與新聞報導中,像「Were the government to...」這種倒裝假設句常用於高品質的新聞媒體(如《衛報》或《金融時報》)與議會報告中,以展現嚴謹且正式的政策推論語氣。
EN: The structure 'what + Subject + Verb (+ Object/Complement)' functions as a nominal relative clause (also known as a free relative clause), acting as the object of the preposition 'over'. Within this clause, 'describe X as Y' is used, where X is implied ('what') and Y is 'commercial secrecy'.
中文: 「what + 主詞 + 動詞」結構在此作為名詞性關係子句(或稱自由關係子句),擔任介系詞「over」的受詞。在該子句內部使用了「describe X as Y」(將 X 描述為 Y)的句型,其中 X 為縮合關係代名詞「what」,Y 則是「commercial secrecy」。
The committee voiced concerns over what they perceive as a lack of transparency in the selection process.
委員會對他們所認為遴選過程中缺乏透明度的問題表示擔憂。
EN: The present participle phrase 'surrounding industrial water use' acts as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which surrounds industrial water use'), post-modifying the noun phrase 'commercial secrecy'.
中文: 現在分詞短語「surrounding industrial water use」作為簡化的關係子句(即「which surrounds...」的縮減),後位修飾名詞短語「commercial secrecy」(商業機密)。
There are many legal issues surrounding the implementation of the new AI regulations.
圍繞著新人工智慧法規的實施,存在著許多法律問題。
EN: The noun 'frustration' is frequently followed by the preposition 'over' (or 'at'/'with') to indicate the cause or subject matter of the annoyance or dissatisfaction.
中文: 名詞「frustration」(沮喪;受挫)後面經常搭配介系詞「over」(或「at」、「with」),用以引出導致不滿或挫折感的事由。
Public frustration over rising energy prices has led to widespread protests.
公眾對能源價格上漲的不滿已引發廣泛的抗議活動。
EN: In the UK context, water management is heavily debated due to privatized water companies facing scrutiny over environmental performance and sewage leaks during droughts. The term 'commercial secrecy' reflects tensions between public transparency in resource management and corporate interests in protecting proprietary operational data.
中文: 在英國背景下,水資源管理是一項備受爭議的議題,原因是私有化的水務公司在乾旱期間面臨環境績效與污水排放的嚴格審查。「商業機密」(commercial secrecy)一詞反映了資源管理的公共透明度與企業保護專利營運數據之間的緊張關係。
EN: The structure 'prevent [someone/something] from [verb-ing]' is a passive or active construction used to indicate that an obstacle or condition stops an agent from performing an action. In the passive voice ('be prevented from -ing'), the subject is the entity being hindered.
中文: 「be prevented from + 動名詞 (-ing)」為被動語態結構,表示「被阻礙/無法做某事」。介系詞 from 後面必須接動名詞,用來說明被阻止執行的具體動作。
Due to strict regulations, the startup was prevented from launching its new software on time.
由於嚴格的法規,這家初創公司無法按時推出其新軟體。
EN: The present perfect tense 'has argued' combined with a content clause introduced by 'that' is used to express a stance or statement made in the past that holds relevance to the current debate or reporting context.
中文: 「現在完成式(has argued)+ that 名詞子句」常用於新聞報導或學術寫作中,用以引述相關團體或專家提出的立場與主張,強調該觀點對當前形勢仍具影響力。
The committee has argued that immediate action is necessary to curb rising inflation.
委員會主張必須立即採取行動以遏制居高不下的通貨膨脹。
EN: The preposition 'without' followed by a noun phrase ('without adequate data') functions as an adverbial condition modifier, expressing a necessary condition or circumstance that causes the negative outcome in the main clause.
中文: 「without + 名詞片語」在此充當條件副詞修飾語,意為「在缺乏……的情況下」,用來說明導致主句情況(無法進行規劃)的關鍵原因或缺口。
It is impossible to make an accurate forecast without reliable statistical data.
在缺乏可靠統計數據的情況下,不可能做出準確的預測。
EN: In the UK, public water supply management and infrastructure planning are heavily regulated. Water companies often face public criticism during droughts for leaks and inadequate planning. Here, the 'water sector' is pointing out a systemic issue: commercial confidentiality often prevents water companies from getting detailed consumption data from large industrial users, hindering long-term environmental and economic infrastructure planning.
中文: 在英國,公共供水管理與基礎設施規劃受到嚴格監管。在乾旱期間,水務公司常因漏水問題和規劃不力而備受公眾批評。在此背景下,水務部門指出了體制上的漏洞:由於「商業機密」,水務公司無法獲得大型工業用戶的詳細用水數據,這直接阻礙了長期環境與經濟基礎設施的規劃。
EN: Negative Inversion: When a negative conjunction like 'Not only' is placed at the beginning of a clause for emphasis or formal style, subject-auxiliary inversion occurs in that clause. Notice that the second clause starting with 'but (also)' maintains standard word order.
中文: 否定倒裝句:當「Not only」等否定連詞置於句首以達強調效果或用於正式語體時,該子句須採用「助動詞/連繫動詞 + 主詞」的倒裝語序。注意,以「but (also)」引導的第二個子句則維持正常語序。
Not only did the company increase its profits, but it also reduced its carbon footprint significantly.
該公司不僅增加了利潤,還大幅降低了碳足跡。
EN: Intensifier 'whatsoever': Used after a negative noun phrase (like 'no obligation') or negative pronoun to add strong emphasis, meaning 'at all' or 'of any kind'.
中文: 加強語氣詞「whatsoever」:常用於否定名詞短語(如「no obligation」)或否定代名詞之後,用以強烈強調,相當於「at all」(完全、毫無)。
The manager offered no explanation whatsoever for the sudden delay.
經理對於突然的延誤完全沒有給出任何解釋。
EN: Parenthetical Exemplification with Participle: 'including...' functions as a prepositional/participial phrase providing non-defining examples inserted parenthetically between the main subject and the verb.
中文: 分詞/介詞短語構成的插入舉例:「including...」在此作為插入語,放在主詞與主要動詞之間,用以對主詞(最大的用水戶)提供非限定性的具體範例說明。
Several major industries, including tourism and technology, suffered heavily during the recession.
包括觀光業和科技業在內的幾個主要產業,在經濟衰退期間遭受了重創。
EN: In the UK, public water supply policy is a contentious topic during drought periods. While domestic residents face 'hosepipe bans' (restrictions on garden watering and car washing) subject to strict fines, major commercial sectors often operate under historic abstraction licenses or agreements that do not legally mandate water reduction during emergency droughts, triggering debates over fairness and corporate governance.
中文: 在英國,旱災期間的公共用水政策是一個極具爭議的議題。當一般家庭居民面臨「水管禁令」(hosepipe bans,禁止使用花園水管澆花或洗車)並可能面臨高額罰款時,許多大型工業用戶卻依據歷史取得的取水許可或商業合約運作,法律上在緊急乾旱期間並無強制減量義務,因而引發社會對企業社會責任與政策公平性的強烈反彈。
EN: The structure 'identify X as Y' is used to classify, designate, or recognize someone or something as having a specific identity, role, or status. 'X' is the object, and 'as Y' is a prepositional complement specifying the designation.
中文: 「identify X as Y」結構用於將某人或某物認定、歸類或指出為具有特定的身份、角色或狀態。其中 X 為賓語,as Y 為介系詞補語,用以說明具體的認定結果。
The committee identified renewable energy as the top priority for future investments.
委員會將再生能源認定為未來投資的首要任務。
EN: Nouns and nominal phrases can function as pre-modifiers (noun adjuncts) to form dense, information-heavy noun phrases common in formal and news registers (e.g., 'business water supply points').
中文: 名詞及名詞短語可充當前置修飾語(名詞修飾語),形成結構緊湊、資訊密度高的名詞短語(例如「business water supply points」),這在正式書面語與新聞報導中非常常見。
The government launched a public health safety campaign across major cities.
政府在大城市發起了一項公共衛生安全運動。
EN: In complex locative phrases, English arranges geographical modifiers from the specific to the general (e.g., 'at Fawley, Southampton'), usually using 'at' for specific facilities/villages/sites and comma-separated broader regions.
中文: 在複合地點短語中,英語習慣按「由小到大、由具體到宏觀」的順序排列(如「at Fawley, Southampton」);通常使用介系詞「at」表示具體設施、村落或地點,並以逗號分隔較大的行政區域。
The conference was held at the Grand Hotel, Geneva.
會議在日內瓦的大飯店舉行。
EN: The Fawley Refinery, located on the western bank of Southampton Water, is the largest oil refinery in the UK. Operated by Esso (a subsidiary of ExxonMobil), its massive water consumption highlights the intense industrial demand on public infrastructure in England, particularly during regional droughts.
中文: 位於南安普敦水域西岸的福利煉油廠(Fawley Refinery)是英國規模最大的石油煉油廠,由埃索(埃克森美孚子公司)營運。該廠龐大的用水量,突顯了英格蘭在面對區域性乾旱時,工業端對公共水資源設施所產生的巨大負擔。
EN: The adverb 'however' is placed parenthetically between commas after the subject ('The site') to create a smoother, more formal transition that contrasts this statement with the previous context.
中文: 副詞「however」作為插入語放在主詞(The site)之後並以逗號隔開,能創造更平滑、正式的轉折語氣,用以與前文形成對比。
The company, however, denied all allegations of illegal dumping.
然而,該公司否認了所有關於非法傾倒廢棄物的指控。
EN: The participle phrase starting with 'including' functions as a prepositional modifier, introducing a list of examples that clarify or elaborate on the noun 'multiple operators'.
中文: 以分詞「including」開頭的短語充當介詞性質的修飾語,引導一串列舉的實例,用以補充說明名詞「multiple operators」(多個營運商)。
Several major industries, including steel and cement, contribute significantly to carbon emissions.
數個主要產業(包括鋼鐵和水泥)對碳排放有重大貢獻。
EN: Parallel structure is used in the list of noun adjuncts/modifiers ('waste management, gas, chemicals, and energy') preceding the head noun 'companies', ensuring grammatical balance and conciseness.
中文: 在核心名詞「companies」之前,使用平行的名詞修飾語列表(waste management, gas, chemicals, and energy),以維持句法平衡與精煉度。
EN: The structure 'as + present participle (-ing)' functions as a prepositional complement indicating role, representation, or function. Here, 'as exemplifying...' means 'as an example of' or 'to serve as an illustration of'.
中文: 「as + 現在分詞 (-ing)」結構在此作為介系詞補語,用來指示角色、功能或代表性。在此處「as exemplifying...」表示「作為……的範例」或「用以說明……」。
The report cited the new policy as demonstrating the government's commitment to renewable energy.
該報告引用這項新政策,作為政府致力於可再生能源的證明。
EN: 'Neither... nor...' is a correlative conjunction used to join two negative concepts or actions. It requires parallel grammatical structures after both 'neither' and 'nor' (in this case, two transitive verbs: 'discourages' and 'penalizes').
中文: 「neither... nor...」(既不……也不……)是對應連接詞,用於連接兩個否定概念或動作。在「neither」與「nor」之後須保持文法結構對稱(本句中皆為單數第三人稱動詞:discourages 與 penalizes)。
The strict manager neither accepts late submissions nor tolerates poor quality work.
這位嚴格的經理既不接受遲交,也不容忍劣質的工作。
EN: Past participle clauses like 'submitted to...' act as reduced relative clauses (short for 'which was submitted to...'), concisely modifying a preceding noun phrase ('written evidence') without requiring a full relative pronoun and verb.
中文: 過去分詞片語如「submitted to...」作用為簡化關係子句(即「which was submitted to...」的省略),能精簡地修飾前面的名詞片語(written evidence),使句式更為緊湊高雅。
Documents found during the audit revealed significant accounting discrepancies.
審計期間發現的文件揭露了重大會計不符之處。
EN: The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Parliamentary select committees often summon expert bodies like Mosl (the market operator for non-household water in England and Wales) to submit written evidence during inquiries into public infrastructure, environmental policy, and corporate regulation.
中文: 英國上議院(House of Lords)是英國國會的上議院。國會特別委員會在針對公共基礎設施、環境政策與企業監管進行調查時,經常會召集像 Mosl(英格蘭與威爾斯非住宅用水市場的監管與營運機構)這樣的專業機構提交書面證詞。
EN: The complex prepositional phrases 'about...' and 'regarding...' are stacked to refine and narrow down abstract nouns ('questions' -> 'corporate accountability' -> 'stewardship'). 'Regarding' acts as a formal preposition meaning 'concerning' or 'with respect to'.
中文: 連續使用介詞短語(如「about...」與「regarding...」)可用於層層修飾與精確化抽象名詞(「疑問」->「企業責任」->「資源管理」)。「regarding」為正式介詞,意為「關於」或「就……而言」。
The committee raised serious concerns about government policy regarding renewable energy subsidies.
委員會對政府關於可再生能源補貼的政策提出了嚴重的疑慮。
EN: The present participle 'pressing' is used attributively as an adjective to describe abstract nouns like 'questions', 'issues', or 'needs', signifying that something requires immediate attention or action.
中文: 現在分詞「pressing」常轉作形容詞使用,前置修飾像「questions(疑問)」、「issues(議題)」或「needs(需求)」等抽象名詞,表示該事項極為緊迫、需要立即關注或處理。
Climate change remains one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today.
氣候變遷仍是當今人類面臨的最迫切挑戰之一。
EN: In modern corporate governance and public policy discussions, particularly within the UK, terms like 'stewardship' and 'corporate accountability' reflect an increasing societal expectation that private businesses must act as responsible custodians of shared national resources, such as water and energy, rather than purely profit-driven entities.
中文: 在現代企業治理與公共政策討論中(特別是在英國),「stewardship(託管/管理責任)」與「corporate accountability(企業責任)」等用語反映了社會日益提高的期望,即私人企業必須擔任共享國家資源(如水資源與能源)的負責任管理者,而非純粹以利潤為導向。
EN: Inversion in conditional clauses: When 'if' is omitted in a first conditional or formal future-oriented conditional clause, 'should' is placed before the subject. This structure creates a highly formal tone common in legal, news, and business registers.
中文: 條件句中的倒裝結構:在正式或書面語(如新聞、法律、商務)中,當省略條件連詞「if」時,助動詞「should」會移至主詞前面。這種句型能提升語氣的正式度與嚴謹感。
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our customer support team.
倘若您需要進一步的協助,請隨時與我們的客戶支援團隊聯繫。
EN: The 'disparity between A and B' construction is used to highlight a significant difference or inequality between two distinct entities, concepts, or groups.
中文: 「disparity between A and B」結構用於強調兩者(或兩群體)之間顯著的差距、不平等或矛盾。
The growing disparity between urban and rural healthcare facilities remains a critical social issue.
城鄉醫療設施之間日益擴大的差距仍是一個關鍵的社會問題。
EN: In the UK, summer droughts frequently lead to official 'hosepipe bans' (restrictions on garden hoses and car washing) enforced by water companies to conserve residential supplies. The text highlights public frustration when households face strict legal limits while high-volume corporate consumers continue unregulated water usage.
中文: 在英國,夏季乾旱常促使自來水公司頒布「水管禁令」(hosepipe bans),限制居民使用花園水管澆花或洗車。本文揭示了當普通家庭面臨嚴格限水、而大型企業的高耗水量卻不受管制時,所引發的社會不公與公眾不滿。
EN: The reporting verb 'caution' followed by a 'that'-clause is used to give a formal warning about potential negative consequences or risks.
中文: 動詞「caution」(警告/提醒)後接「that」引導的名詞子句,常用於正式語境中,警告某事可能帶來的負面後果或風險。
Experts have cautioned that interest rates may rise sooner than expected.
專家發出警告指出,利率可能會比預期更早上升。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without + [noun phrase]' acts as a conditional modifier (equivalent to 'if there are no...'), setting up a necessary condition for the main clause.
中文: 介系詞片語「without + [名詞片語]」在此充當條件修飾語(相當於「如果沒有……」),為主要子句設定必要條件。
Without proper funding, the medical research project cannot continue.
如果沒有適當的資金,該醫療研究計畫將無法繼續進行。
EN: The linking verb 'remain' paired with an adjective (e.g., 'unattainable') indicates a state that continues to exist without changing despite circumstances.
中文: 連繫動詞「remain」後接形容詞(如「unattainable」),用來表示某種狀態在特定情況下持續存在且保持不變。
Despite their tireless efforts, a peaceful resolution remains elusive.
儘管他們不懈努力,和平解決方案依然遙不可及。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 揭露的真相、揭發的事實
在本文中: 忍受、經受(苦難或嚴酷條件)
在本文中: 強制要求、立法授權
在本文中: 詳盡的、全面的
在本文中: 保密、保密狀態
在本文中: 義務、責任
在本文中: 作為…的例證、舉例說明
在本文中: 懲罰、處罰
在本文中: 管理責任、妥善照顧(資源或財產)
在本文中: 巨大差距、不平等
在本文中: 加劇、強化
在本文中: 高不可攀的、難以達到的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
An official restriction on the use of outdoor water pipes (hoses) during periods of drought.
水管禁令(限水措施)
To use a supply of something that is available to you.
利用、汲取(資源、資金或經驗)
The performance and responsibility of a company regarding legal, environmental, and ethical standards.
企業問責制度 / 企業責任
The practice of managing water resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising future availability.
永續水資源管理