EN： In news headlines, the Simple Present Tense (e.g., 'Calls') is conventionally used to report recent events or publication releases to create a sense of immediacy and urgency, even though the action occurred in the past.
中文： 新聞標題中常用「現在簡單式」（如本句中的 Calls）來報導最近發生的事件或剛發布的報告，即使該動作在現實中已完成，也能藉此營造即時感與緊迫感。
A new climate survey warns of rapid sea-level rise in coastal cities.
一份最新的氣候調查報告警告，沿海城市的海平面正在快速上升。
EN： The phrasal verb 'call for' means to publicly demand, require, or advocate for a specific action or outcome. It is frequently used in formal, legal, or political discourse.
中文： 動詞片語「call for」意為「公開呼籲、要求或倡導」特定行動或結果，常用於正式、法律或政治語境中。
Human rights groups call for an immediate ceasefire and open humanitarian corridors.
人權團體呼籲立即停火並開放人道主義走廊。
EN： The prepositional infinitive phrase 'to Restore Canadians' Privacy' functions as an adverbial modifier of purpose, explaining the objective or goal of the 'Eight-Step Legislative Roadmap'.
中文： 不定詞片語「to Restore Canadians' Privacy」在此作為目的狀語，修飾前方的名詞片語「Eight-Step Legislative Roadmap」，說明制定該路線圖的最終目標。
The government launched an initiative to boost local tourism.
政府推出了一項倡議，旨在促進在地觀光業。
EN： The 'Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms' is a Canadian legal advocacy organization known for litigating constitutional rights cases. In Canadian news terminology, headline styling frequently omits articles (such as 'The') and relies on hyphenated modifier forms like 'Eight-Step' to maintain brevity and impact.
中文： 「憲法自由正義中心」（Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms）是加拿大著名的憲法權利訴訟倡議組織。在加拿大的英文新聞頭條撰寫習慣中，常省略冠詞（如 The），並大量使用帶有連字號的複合形容詞（如 Eight-Step）以達到簡明有力的效果。
EN： The structure 'aimed at + gerund (-ing)' functions as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is aimed at...'), modifying the preceding noun 'roadmap' to indicate its purpose or target objective.
中文： 「aimed at + 動名詞 (-ing)」的結構作為省略版關係子句（完整形式為「which is aimed at...」），用來修飾前面的名詞「roadmap」（路線圖），以說明其目的或旨在達成的目標。
The government launched a new initiative aimed at reducing carbon emissions by 2030.
政府推出了一項新倡議，旨在於 2030 年前減少碳排放。
EN： The free relative clause pattern 'what it characterizes as...' serves as the direct object of the participle 'dismantling'. 'What' acts as 'that which' (the thing that), where 'characterizes A as B' assigns a specific description or label to a concept.
中文： 複合關係代名詞結構「what it characterizes as...」作為分詞「dismantling」的直接受詞。「what」相當於「that which」（……的事物），而「characterize A as B」則是指「將 A 描述/歸類為 B」。
The committee criticized what they described as an unacceptable lack of oversight.
委員會批評了他們所謂缺乏監管的不可接受狀況。
EN： The present perfect tense 'has published' is used here to convey a recent past action that holds strong relevance and news value in the present, a standard conventions in journalistic writing.
中文： 此處使用現在完成式「has published」來傳達近期發生且對當前具有高度相關性與新聞價值的動作，這是新聞寫作中的標準用法。
The ministry has issued a warning regarding severe weather conditions expected tonight.
部會已就今晚預期的強烈惡劣天候發布警報。
EN： The 'Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms' (JCCF) is a Canadian conservative legal advocacy organization known for challenging government regulations and civil liberties issues in court. Terminology such as 'surveillance state' highlights ongoing political and legal debates in Western democracies regarding the balance between national security/law enforcement powers and individual constitutional rights.
中文： 「憲法自由正義中心」（JCCF）是加拿大一個著名的保守派法律倡議組織，常在法院對政府法規與公民自由議題提出挑戰。「監視國家」（surveillance state）等用語反映了西方民主國家中，關於國家安全/執法權力與個人憲法權利之間平衡的長期政治與法律爭辯。
EN： Reduced relative clause using a past participle ('Authored by...'). This functions as a non-finite clause modifying the main subject ('the document'), serving to introduce background information concisely before the main verb.
中文： 使用過去分詞（'Authored by...'）簡化的關係子句（分詞構句）。此非限定動詞子句用來修飾主要主詞（'the document'），在主要動詞出現前精簡地提供背景資訊。
Written by a renowned legal scholar, the brief offers a compelling critique of current constitutional law.
這份摘要由一位知名法律學者所著，對現行憲法提出了令人信服的批判。
EN： The verb pattern 'urge + object + to-infinitive' is used to express strong persuasion or recommendation, where the object performs the action described by the infinitive.
中文： 動詞句型「urge + 受詞 + 不定詞（to-V）」，用於表達強烈的勸說或建議，由受詞執行不定詞所描述的動作。
Health officials urged the public to stay informed and follow safety guidelines.
衛生官員敦促大眾保持關注最新消息並遵循安全指引。
EN： Parallel structure using the subordinating conjunction 'while' followed by a present participle (-ing), indicating two actions occurring simultaneously ('broadened... while simultaneously eroding...').
中文： 使用從屬連接詞「while」搭配現在分詞（-ing）的平行結構，用以表示兩個動作同時發生（「擴大了……同時侵蝕了……」）。
The company modernized its infrastructure while simultaneously reducing operational costs.
該公司在現代化其基礎設施的同時，也降低營運成本。
EN： This sentence reflects ongoing debates in Western democracies—particularly in Canada—regarding the tension between national security/surveillance policies and civil liberties protected under constitutional frameworks such as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
中文： 這句話反映了西方民主國家（尤其是加拿大）長期以來關於「國家安全/監控政策」與《加拿大權利與自由憲章》等憲法框架所保障的「公民自由」之間的權衡與爭議。
EN： Subject-complement inversion (or full inversion) occurs when a subject complement (e.g., an adjective phrase like 'Central to...') is placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis or to create a smooth transition from previous context. The verb precedes the actual subject ('the assertion...').
中文： 主詞補語倒裝（完全倒裝）：當形容詞片語（如 Central to...）移至句首以達強調效果，或為了使上下文銜接更順暢時，動詞會置於真正的主詞（the assertion...）之前。
Crucial to the team's success was her exceptional leadership during the crisis.
團隊成功的關鍵在於她在危機期間卓越的領導能力。
EN： The semicolon followed by 'rather' is used to link two independent clauses where the second clause provides a contrasting or alternative statement that refines or corrects the first.
中文： 分號搭配「rather」的用法：用於連接兩個獨立子句，第二個子句提出對比或替代性的論述，用以修正或更精準地闡述第一個子句的概念。
The measure does not restrict free speech; rather, it protects individuals from online harassment.
這項措施並未限制言論自由；相反地，它保護個人免受網路騷擾。
EN： Participle clause as post-modifier: The present participle phrase 'underpinning fundamental rights' functions as a reduced relative clause (which underpins fundamental rights), directly modifying the noun 'constitutional safeguard'.
中文： 分詞片語作後置修飾語：現在分詞片語「underpinning fundamental rights」簡化自關係子句（which underpins...），用以直接修飾名詞「constitutional safeguard」。
They introduced a new policy strengthening transparency in government operations.
他們推出了一項加強政府運作透明度的新政策。
EN： In Western constitutional law and modern democratic theory, privacy is viewed not merely as a right to be left alone, but as a foundational prerequisite for exercising other civil liberties like freedom of speech and political association. The debate in Canada reflects a global tension between counter-terrorism/cybersecurity surveillance and constitutional rights.
中文： 在西方憲政法律與現代民主理論中，隱私權不僅僅是「不被打擾的權利」，更是行使言論自由與政治結社等其他公民自由的基礎前提。加拿大的這場辯論反映了全球在反恐/網路安全監控與憲法權利之間的普遍緊張關係。
EN： The verb 'emphasize' takes a 'that'-clause acting as a noun clause (direct object) to express the specific statement, belief, or fact being stressed.
中文： 動詞「emphasize」（強調）後面可接「that」引導的名詞子句作為直接受詞，用以說明被強調的具體事實或觀點。
The study emphasized that early intervention can significantly improve language development.
該研究強調，早期干預能顯著改善語言能力之發展。
EN： When multiple subject nouns are listed (e.g., 'A, B, C, and D'), the quantifier 'all' can be inserted right after the list to collectively emphasize every single element before the main verb.
中文： 當列舉多個主詞名詞（如 A, B, C, and D）時，可在主詞列表後、主要動詞前加上總括代名詞/限定詞「all」，用以強調列表中的「每一個」項目皆適用該動詞。
Innovation, transparency, customer focus, and integrity all contribute to the company's continuous growth.
創新、透明度、以客戶為中心以及誠信，全都促進了公司的持續成長。
EN： The phrasal/prepositional verb 'depend on' (or 'depend upon') means to be determined, supported, or conditioned by something. In formal academic/news registers, it often links abstract concepts like rights, freedoms, or outcomes to their foundational requirements.
中文： 動詞片語「depend on」（仰賴／取決於）在此用於表示某抽象概念（如自由或尊嚴）建立在另一項基礎條件（如隱私保護）之上，常用於正式學術或新聞語體中。
Sustainable economic progress depends on continuous investment in renewable energy sources.
永續的經濟進步取決於對可再生能源的持續投資。
EN： In formal or academic written English, conditional clauses using 'if' with subjunctive 'were to' can be inverted by omitting 'if' and placing 'Were' at the beginning of the clause. This structure creates a hypothetical or counterfactual condition and elevates the formality of the register.
中文： 在正式或學術英文書面語中，含有「if... were to」的假設條件句可以省略「if」，並將「Were」倒裝至句首。這種結構用於表示假設或與事實相反的情況，能顯著提升語氣的正式程度與嚴謹度。
Were the government to raise taxes further, public discontent would inevitably escalate.
如果政府進一步提高稅收，公眾的不滿情緒不可避免地會加劇。
EN： The second conditional structure (Inverted 'Were... to' + past subjunctive in the dependent clause, paired with 'would + bare infinitive' in the main clause) is used to express unlikely or purely hypothetical future scenarios and their predictable consequences.
中文： 第二條件句結構（從屬子句使用倒裝的「Were... to」配搭過去分詞/過去式，主詞搭配「would + 原形動詞」）用於表達未來不太可能發生或純粹假設的情境，以及其可預期的結果。
Were she to accept the offer, she would have to relocate to London.
如果她接受這份工作邀約，她將不得不搬到倫敦。
EN： The psychological phenomenon described here is known in legal and social sciences as the 'chilling effect'. When citizens suspect continuous state surveillance, they alter their speech and behaviour out of fear of repercussions, ultimately self-censoring. This argument is frequently raised by civil liberties advocates in Western democracies, such as Canada, when opposing government surveillance legislation like cyber security bills.
中文： 本句描述的心理與社會現象在法律與政治學中被稱為「寒蟬效應」（chilling effect）。當公民懷疑自己受到政府持續監控時，會因擔心潛在後果而主動收斂言論並改變行為，形成自我審查。在加拿大等西方民主國家，公民自由倡議者常以此論點反對政府擴大監控權力的法案（如網絡安全法案）。
EN： The present participle clause 'arguing that...' functions as an adverbial modifier expressing an accompanying action or result, clarifying the underlying reasoning behind the main clause's action ('calls for amendments').
中文： 現在分詞子句「arguing that...」（主張...）在此充當副詞修飾語，表示伴隨狀況或理由，用以補充說明主句動作（呼籲修訂）背後的論點與意圖。
The committee issued a new policy statement, emphasizing that transparency must be maintained at all levels.
委員會發表了一份新的政策聲明，強調各個層級都必須保持透明度。
EN： The non-defining relative clause 'which governs cyber security' provides extra, non-essential background information about 'Bill C-8', set off by commas.
中文： 非限定關係子句「which governs cyber security」（規範網路安全）由逗號隔開，用來對前方的專有名詞「C-8 法案」提供補充說明，若刪除亦不影響主句結構完整性。
The new privacy regulation, which takes effect next month, imposes strict limits on corporate data collection.
這項將於下個月生效的新隱私法規，對企業的數據收集施加了嚴格限制。
EN： The modal verb 'should' inside the content clause following verbs or nouns of requirement/recommendation (like 'arguing that') expresses a normative requirement or strong policy recommendation.
中文： 在表示主張、建議或要求之動詞後的名詞子句中，使用情態動詞「should」表示規範性的要求或強烈的政策建議（即「應該/應當」）。
Legal experts advocate that the ordinance should mandate explicit user consent before tracking online behavior.
法律專家主張該條例應強制要求在追蹤網路行為前取得用戶的明確同意。
EN： In Canadian legislative process, a 'Bill' designated with 'C-' (e.g., Bill C-8) represents a government or private member's bill introduced in the House of Commons. Cyber security bills often trigger intense public debate in Western democracies over the tension between national security oversight and individual constitutional rights like digital privacy.
中文： 在加拿大的立法程序中，以「C-」開頭的法案（例如 C-8 法案）代表在聯邦下議院（House of Commons）提出之政府或議員法案。網路安全相關法案在西方民主國家常引發熱烈討論，焦點多集中於國家安全監管需求與憲法賦予公民之數位隱私權之間的衡平。
EN： The verb 'recommend' can take a gerund (V-ing) as its direct object to express an action or proposal, especially when the agent of the recommended action is general, implicit, or unknown.
中文： 動詞「recommend」（建議）可以直接接動名詞（V-ing）作為受詞，用來表達某項建議或行動。當被建議行動的執行者是泛指、隱含或未特定時，常使用此結構。
The committee recommends tightening regulations on data privacy.
委員會建議加強對數據隱私的法規管制。
EN： Adverbs like 'further' can be used as sentence modifiers or adjuncts to indicate an addition to a previous argument or action, often placed directly before the main verb.
中文： 副詞「further」可作為修飾語，用來表示對先前論點或行動的補充（意為「進一步」），通常直接放置於主要動詞之前。
The update further enhances system security against unauthorized access.
該更新進一步增強了系統防止未經授權存取的安全性。
EN： The legal binomial expression 'searches and seizures' refers to the police or authorities searching property and taking legal possession of evidence. In North American legal discourse, this is a fixed, formal phrase rooted in constitutional law (e.g., the Fourth Amendment).
中文： 法律雙詞對組（legal binomial）「searches and seizures」（搜查與扣押）指的是執法機關搜尋財產並依法扣押證據的行為。在北美法律語境中，這是源自憲法（如美國憲法第四修正案及加拿大權利與自由憲章）的固定正式用語。
Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by constitutional principles.
憲法原則禁止不合理的搜查與扣押。
EN： In North American constitutional law (such as Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms), protection against 'unreasonable search and seizure' is a core democratic principle. The term 'judicial oversight' emphasizes the requirement that police or government entities obtain a warrant signed by an independent judge before conducting searches, rather than relying on discretionary executive powers.
中文： 在北美憲法學中（如《加拿大權利與自由憲章》第 8 條），防止「不合理的搜查與扣押」是民主法治的核心原則。「司法監督」（judicial oversight）特別強調執法機關或政府單位在進行搜查或扣押前，必須取得獨立法官簽發的搜查令，而非僅憑行政機關的裁量權。
EN： The verb 'advocate' when used transitively can be followed directly by a gerund (-ing form) to express supporting an action or policy in general, rather than specifying a particular agent.
中文： 動詞「advocate」（提倡/主張）作為及物動詞時，後方可直接接動名詞（V-ing），用以表示支持某種行動或政策，而非針對特定執行者。
The committee advocates implementing stricter environmental regulations across all industrial sectors.
委員會提倡在所有工業部門實施更嚴格的環保法規。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'so that' introduces a clause of purpose or result. When paired with conditional modal verbs like 'would', it indicates an intended or hypothesized outcome resulting from the action in the main clause.
中文： 連詞片語「so that」（以便/使得）用來引導目的或結果子句。當與條件情態動詞（如 would）連用時，表示主句行動所預期達到的假設性結果或目的。
They revised the software protocols so that user privacy would be better protected under the new system.
他們修改了軟體協定，以便在新系統下更好地保護使用者隱私。
EN： The passive voice construction 'is disclosed to' emphasizes the action performed on the patient (personal financial data) rather than the entity performing the disclosure, fitting a formal, legal context.
中文： 被動語態結構「is disclosed to」（被披露給……）強調受體（個人財務資料）所遭受的動作，而非執行披露的實體，極為適合正式與法律語境。
Confidential patient records cannot be disclosed to third parties without prior written consent.
未經事前書面同意，保密的患者紀錄不得向第三方披露。
EN： In constitutional democracies like Canada, the requirement for 'judicial authorization' (such as a warrant) before law enforcement can access private financial records is a fundamental pillar of civil liberties, stemming from Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which protects against unreasonable search and seizure.
中文： 在加拿大等憲政民主國家，執法機關在調閱個人財務紀錄前必須取得「司法授權」（如搜查令），這是公民自由的根本支柱，源自《加拿大權利與自由憲章》第八條關於免受不合理搜查與扣押的保護。
EN： The verb 'insist' (expressing demand, recommendation, or urgency) triggers the present subjunctive mood in the following content clause ('that clause'). In this structure, the verb in the dependent clause remains in its base/bare infinitive form (e.g., 'should be deleted' or 'be deleted'), regardless of the tense of the main clause or the person of the subject.
中文： 動詞「insist」（表示要求、建議或緊迫性）後接的名詞子句（that 子句）需使用現在虛擬語氣（Subjunctive Mood）。在此句型中，子句動詞不論主句時態或主詞人稱，皆使用原形動詞或「should + 原形動詞」。
The committee insisted that every participant submit their documents before Friday.
委員會堅持要求每位參與者必須在週五前提交文件。
EN： The relative clause 'for which there exist reasonable grounds for suspicion' uses a preposition ('for') + relative pronoun ('which') structure. Combined with the inverted existential 'there exist' (instead of the standard 'there are'), it creates a highly formal, legal, and authoritative tone suitable for legislative analysis.
中文： 關係子句「for which there exist reasonable grounds for suspicion」使用了「介系詞 + 關係代名詞（for which）」結構，並搭配倒裝的存在動詞「there exist」（取代常見的 there are），創造出極其正式、嚴謹且具法律權威感的語調。
The court established clear criteria under which there exist sufficient reasons to grant an injunction.
法院確立了明確的標準，據此存在充分的理由來頒布禁制令。
EN： The sentence employs parallel structure using two coordinated 'that' clauses acting as direct objects of 'insists': 'insists [that information...] and [that mandatory reporting...]'. Omitting the second 'that' in such long, complex sentences can cause ambiguity, so repeating 'that' maintains grammatical clarity.
中文： 本句採用平行結構，使用兩個由「that」引導的名詞子句共同作為「insists」的直接賓語（即「insists [that...] and [that...]」）。在長難句中，重複第二個「that」能有效避免語意混淆，維護句法結構的清晰度。
The auditor recommended that the department overhaul its record-keeping system and that all legacy data be securely archived.
審計師建議該部門全面檢討其紀錄保存系統，並將所有歷史資料安全歸檔。
EN： In Western legal systems (such as Canada's), the phrase 'reasonable grounds for suspicion' represents a specific, time-tested legal threshold protecting citizens from arbitrary state surveillance. Legislation like the Proceeds of Crime and Terrorist Financing Act balances counter-terrorism/anti-money laundering with constitutional privacy protections, making terms like 'mandatory reporting obligations' and 'judicial oversight' central to public policy debates on civil liberties.
中文： 在西方法律體系（如加拿大）中，「合理懷疑理由」（reasonable grounds for suspicion）代表了一個經過長期法律考驗的具體門檻，用以保護公民免受國家任意監控。諸如《犯罪收益與恐怖主義融資法案》等立法，必須在反恐/反洗錢與憲法保障的隱私權之間取得平衡，因此「強制性申報義務」與「司法監督」成為民權公共政策討論的核心用語。
EN： When a sentence begins with a negative adverbial expression like 'Not only', subject-auxiliary inversion is required in the main clause. The auxiliary verb (does) comes before the subject (this legislative roadmap), while 'but (also)' introduces the secondary clause in its standard word order.
中文： 當句子以否定副詞短語（如 Not only）開頭時，主句需要使用主詞與助動詞倒裝的結構。助動詞（does）置於主詞（this legislative roadmap）之前，而連接詞 'but (also)' 引導的第二個分句則維持正常的語序。
Not only did the court overturn the law, but it also established a new constitutional precedent.
法院不僅廢除了該法律，還創立了新的憲法判例。
EN： The paired conjunction 'not only... but also...' is used to give equal emphasis to two elements (verbs, nouns, clauses). The word 'also' is sometimes omitted or placed after the subject/verb of the second clause without changing the fundamental meaning.
中文： 相關連接詞 'not only... but also...'（不僅……而且……）用於對等的兩個元素（動詞、名詞、子句）進行雙重強調。'also' 有時可省略，或置於第二分句的主詞/動詞之後，不影響核心句意。
The regulation seeks not only to protect consumer data, but also to encourage market transparency.
該法規旨在不僅保護消費者數據，同時促進市場透明度。
EN： The construction 'recalibrate the balance between A and B' uses 'recalibrate' (meaning to adjust or re-evaluate precisely) together with the preposition 'between' to show a delicate readjustment between two competing interests or principles.
中文： 動詞短語 'recalibrate the balance between A and B'（重新調整 A 與 B 之間的平衡）結合了 'recalibrate'（精確調整、重新審視）與介詞 'between'，用以表示在兩種相互競爭的利益或原則之間進行細緻的權衡與微調。
Policy makers must recalibrate the balance between economic growth and environmental preservation.
政策制定者必須重新調整經濟成長與環境保護之間的平衡。
EN： In modern democratic discourse, particularly in North America (such as Canada), 'governmental overreach' vs. 'individual rights' is a central axis of political and legal debates. The term 'roadmap' is frequently used in public policy and legal reform contexts to signify a structured, step-by-step strategic plan for legislative action.
中文： 在現代民主政治（特別是北美如加拿大）的討論中，「政府權力擴張（governmental overreach）」與「個人憲法權利（individual rights）」之間的拉鋸是公共政策與法學界的核心議題。此外，在法律改革與政策宣示中，英文極常使用「roadmap」（路線圖）一詞來代表具有階段性、系統性的立法提案計畫。
EN： A noun clause introduced by 'Whether' can act as the subject of a sentence, expressing a condition or uncertainty that is being evaluated. The singular verb (here, 'remains') agrees with the entire clause treated as a single entity.
中文： 由「Whether」引導的名詞子句可作為全句的主詞，用來表達「是否……」的懸而未決或不確定狀態。因為整個子句視為單一概念，故後方動詞須使用單數型態（如本句中的「remains」）。
Whether the government will pass the new law remains uncertain.
政府是否會通過這項新法案仍未可知。
EN： The idiom 'remains to be seen' is used to indicate that the outcome of a situation is currently unknown and will only become clear in the future.
中文： 慣用語「remains to be seen」意思是「仍有待觀察／拭目以待」，常用於表示某件事的結果目前尚不清楚，必須等待未來的發展才能揭曉。
Whether the strategy will succeed in the long run remains to be seen.
這項策略長遠來看是否會成功，仍有待觀察。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'yet' is used here to introduce a contrasting clause, serving a similar function to 'but', but with a slightly more formal register suitable for academic or news writing.
中文： 對等連接詞「yet」在此處引導一個轉折子句，作用類似「but」（但是），但語氣更為正式且具備修辭質感，非常適合用於學術論文或新聞報導。
The initial tests yielded negative results, yet the researchers decided to persevere.
初步測試結果呈現陰性，然而研究人員仍決定堅持下去。
EN： In Western legal and policy contexts, 'civil liberties advocates' refer to non-governmental organizations and legal scholars who actively safeguard fundamental individual freedoms (such as privacy, free speech, and due process) against potential state overreach. The tension between national security oversight and personal privacy is a central, ongoing theme in democratic policy debate.
中文： 在西方法律與公共政策的語境中，「公民自由倡議者」（civil liberties advocates）通常指致力於捍衛個人基本權利（如隱私權、言論自由與正當法律程序）不受政府權力過度侵害的非政府組織或法學學者。在民主國家中，國家安全與個人隱私之間的權衡與拉鋸，一直是非常核心且持續討論的公共議題。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 監視；監控
在本文中： 立法機關的；法規的
在本文中： 侵蝕；逐步削弱
在本文中： 保障措施；安全防護措施
在本文中： 構成……的基礎；支撐
在本文中： 自主權；自治
在本文中： 自我審查
在本文中： 門檻；標準界限
在本文中： 縮減；限制
在本文中： 極端重要或迫切的事物；必要條件
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Supervision by a court or judge over government actions or proceedings to ensure they comply with the law.
司法監督
Legal procedures by which law enforcement agents inspect properties/persons and confiscate evidence.
搜查與扣押
Actions by a government that exceed its constitutional or legal authority.
政府擴權；政府越權行為
Something is not yet known or certain; the outcome will be revealed in the future.
仍有待觀察；尚不可知