EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), but never by a subject-verb clause. It has the same meaning as 'in spite of'.
中文: 介係詞「despite」(儘管)用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),絕對不能接包含主詞與動詞的完整子句。其意思與「in spite of」相同。
Despite the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common pattern used to express that an action continues or is repeated. In the past tense, 'kept' is used.
中文: 動詞「keep」後面接動名詞(V-ing)是一個常用句型,用來表示某個動作持續進行或不斷重複。在本句中使用的是過去式「kept」。
She kept working on the project until midnight.
她持續進行該專案的工作直到半夜。
EN: In professional and scientific contexts, failure is often framed as a necessary step toward innovation. The phrase 'Despite many failures, the team kept testing' reflects the highly valued cultural trait of resilience and persistence in modern tech and research industries.
中文: 在專業與科學領域中,失敗通常被視為通往創新的必要步驟。這句「Despite many failures, the team kept testing」反映了現代科技與研究產業中,極受重視的「韌性」與「堅持不懈」的文化特質。
EN: The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that expresses a concession or contrast. In English, when a sentence starts with 'although', we do not use 'but' in the main clause. A comma is used to separate the two clauses.
中文: 連接詞「although」(雖然)用於引導表示讓步或對比的從屬子句。在英文中,當句子以「although」開頭時,主要子句中「不能」再使用「but」(但是)。兩個子句之間需用逗號隔開。
Although the weather was bad, we enjoyed the hike.
雖然天氣不好,我們還是很享受這次健行。
EN: The past simple tense of the regular verb 'succeed' is formed by adding '-ed' ('succeeded'). It is used here to describe a completed action in the past.
中文: 規則動詞「succeed」(成功)的過去簡單式是在字尾加上「-ed」成為「succeeded」,在此處用於描述過去已經完成的動作。
She succeeded in passing the difficult exam.
她成功通過了那場困難的考試。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'in spite of' is used to show contrast. It means 'despite' or 'regardless of' and must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause.
中文: 介係詞片語「in spite of」用於表示對比,意思是「儘管」或「不管」,後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句。
In spite of the cold weather, they went for a swim.
儘管天氣寒冷,他們還是去游泳了。
EN: The simple past tense is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past. Here, 'finished' indicates that the survey was completed.
中文: 簡單過去式用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作。在這裡,「finished」表示該調查已經完成。
We finished the project yesterday.
我們昨天完成了這個專案。
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, expressing a strong contrast between two facts. Unlike Chinese, which often pairs 'although' with 'but', English does not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is used.
中文: 連接詞「even though」(雖然/即使)用於引導讓步修飾子句,表示兩個事實之間的強烈對比。與中文常將「雖然」與「但是」連用不同,英文在使用「even though」時,主句中不能再使用「but」。
Even though it was raining, they went for a walk.
雖然下著雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The verb 'learn' can be followed by an infinitive ('to' + verb) to express acquiring the ability or knowledge to perform a certain action.
中文: 動詞「learn」(學習)後面可以接不定詞(to + 動詞原形),用來表示學會或獲得做某個動作的能力或知識。
She learned to swim when she was five.
她五歲時學會了游泳。
EN: In the modern tech and professional landscape, 'learning to code' has become a symbol of self-improvement, adaptability, and career transition. It emphasizes perseverance and the growth mindset, which are highly valued in contemporary work culture.
中文: 在現代科技與職場環境中,「學習寫程式」(learning to code)已成為自我提升、適應力與職涯轉型的象徵。它強調了堅持不懈與成長型思維,這在當代的職場文化中受到高度重視。
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a subordinate clause to introduce a contrast or concession, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'while' is used.
中文: 從屬連接詞「while」可用於引導讓步從屬子句,表示「雖然、儘管」,相當於「although」。需要特別注意的是,英文句中既然使用了「while」,後面的主要子句就不能再使用對等連接詞「but」。
While the hotel was expensive, it was not very comfortable.
雖然那間飯店很貴,但卻不怎麼舒適。
EN: The verb 'look' is a linking verb (copular verb) here, which means 'to appear' or 'to seem'. It must be followed by an adjective (simple) rather than an adverb to describe the subject.
中文: 動詞「look」在此處作為連綴動詞,意為「看起來」,後面必須接形容詞(如 simple)作為主詞補語,用來修飾主詞,而不能接副詞。
The plan sounded perfect, but it failed.
這個計劃聽起來很完美,但卻失敗了。
EN: In professional and academic English, starting a sentence with 'While' or 'Although' is preferred over using 'but' in the middle, as it sounds more formal and helps structure complex arguments smoothly.
中文: 在專業或學術英文中,使用「While」或「Although」開頭來引導對比,通常比直接在句中使用「but」顯得更正式且有條理,能讓讀者在句子開頭就預期到接下來的轉折。
EN: The conjunction 'whereas' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause. It is often used in formal contexts to compare two different facts or situations.
中文: 連接詞「whereas」(然而、儘管)用於引導從屬子句,以與主要子句進行對比。這通常用於正式語境中,用來比較兩個不同的事實或情況。
Whereas some people prefer city life, others enjoy the quiet countryside.
然而有些人偏愛城市生活,其他人則喜歡安靜的鄉村。
EN: The phrasal verb 'push on' means to continue on a journey or with an activity, especially despite difficulties or obstacles.
中文: 片語動詞「push on」意為「堅持下去」或「繼續前進」,特別是指在面對困難或障礙時仍不放棄地繼續前行。
Although we were exhausted, we decided to push on to the summit.
雖然我們精疲力竭,我們還是決定堅持向山頂前進。
EN: "Despite" is a preposition used to express contrast. It is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause (subject + verb). It has the same meaning as "in spite of".
中文: 「Despite」(儘管)是一個用來表示對比的介係詞。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句(主詞 + 動詞)。其用法與「in spite of」完全相同。
Despite the heavy rain, they enjoyed the football match.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是很享受那場足球賽。
EN: The definite article "the" is used before "bug" to refer to a specific software error that both the speaker and listener are aware of in this context.
中文: 定冠詞「the」用於「bug」(程式錯誤)之前,用來指代在該情境中,說話者和聽話者雙方都已知曉的某個特定軟體錯誤。
The developer finally found the bug after hours of searching.
經過數小時的搜尋,開發人員終於找到了那個程式錯誤。
EN: In the tech industry and software engineering culture, "fixing bugs" (resolving software errors) is a core daily activity. Working late hours to resolve critical bugs before a product launch or deployment is a common scenario known to developers worldwide.
中文: 在科技產業與軟體工程文化中,「fixing bugs」(解決程式錯誤)是每日的核心工作。為了在產品發布或部署前解決關鍵錯誤而加班到深夜,是全球開發人員都非常熟悉且常見的情境。
EN: Conjunction reduction in adverbial clauses: When the subject of the adverbial clause (introduced by 'although', 'while', 'though', etc.) is the same as the subject of the main clause, the subject and the 'be' verb in the adverbial clause can be omitted. Here, 'Although tired' is a shortened form of 'Although we were tired'.
中文: 副詞子句中的連接詞簡化:當副詞子句(由 'although'、'while'、'though' 等引導)的主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時,副詞子句中的主詞和 be 動詞可以省略。在此處,'Although tired' 是 'Although we were tired' 的簡化形式。
Although busy, she still found time to exercise.
雖然忙碌,她仍然抽空運動。
EN: The use of 'one more' to mean 'an additional' or 'another'. It is placed before a singular countable noun to indicate adding one more item or action to what has already been done.
中文: 「one more」的用法,表示「再一個」或「額外的」。它置於單數可數名詞之前,表示在已完成的基礎上再增加一個項目或動作。
Let's try one more time.
讓我們再試一次。
EN: In professional and scientific contexts, 'running a test' is a standard collocation. The sentence reflects a common workplace culture of perseverance and dedication, where teams push through physical fatigue to ensure the accuracy of their results.
中文: 在專業與科學情境中,「run a test」(進行測試)是一個標準的搭配詞。這句話反映了職場中常見的堅持與奉獻文化,即團隊成員願意克服身體上的疲憊,以確保研究或測試結果的準確性。
EN: "In spite of" is a prepositional phrase used to express contrast. It means "despite" or "notwithstanding" and must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), rather than a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文: 「In spite of」是一個表示對比的介系詞片語,意為「儘管」或「雖然」。其後必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),而不能接包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
In spite of the heavy rain, they played the football match.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是進行了足球比賽。
EN: The definite article "the" is used before nouns ("risk", "doctors") to refer to specific things or people that are already known to the listener or are defined by the context.
中文: 定冠詞「the」用於名詞(如「risk」和「doctors」)之前,用以指代聽者已知或在特定語境中明確指涉的特定事物或人。
The doctors who performed the surgery were highly skilled.
執行該手術的醫生們技術非常精湛。
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, expressing a fact that makes the main clause surprising or unexpected. Unlike Chinese, which often pairs 'although/even though' with 'but', English does not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is present.
中文: 引導讓步狀語從句的連詞「even though」(雖然、儘管),用來引出一個事實,使主句的結果顯得令人驚訝或出乎意料。與中文常連用「雖然……但是……」不同,英文中若使用了「even though」,主句開頭就不能再使用「but」。
Even though it was raining, they went for a walk.
雖然下著雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The simple past tense ('lost', 'gained') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. In this sentence, both the action of losing and the action of gaining experience occurred and were completed in the past.
中文: 一般過去時(如「lost」、「gained」)用於描述在過去某個特定時間已經完成的動作或狀態。在本句中,輸掉比賽與獲得經驗這兩個動作皆發生在過去,且已經結束。
We played well, but we lost the game.
我們打得很好,但我們輸掉了比賽。
EN: In Western culture, particularly in sports and professional environments, there is a strong emphasis on 'growth mindset'. Failing or losing is not seen as a pure negative, but rather as a valuable learning opportunity. This sentence perfectly reflects this cultural attitude of finding value in setbacks.
中文: 在西方文化中(特別是在體育和職場環境),非常強調「成長型思維」(growth mindset)。輸掉比賽或失敗不被視為純粹的否定,而是被看作寶貴的學習機會。這句話完美地反映了這種從挫折中尋找價值的文化態度。
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a concessive clause to mean 'although' or 'even though'. It introduces a contrast between two facts, showing that despite the first point, the second point remains true.
中文: 從屬連接詞「while」可用於引導讓步修飾子句,意思是「雖然」或「儘管」。它用來引導兩個事實之間的對比,表示儘管有第一個情況的存在,第二個情況依然成立。
While the project was difficult, we finished it on time.
雖然這個專案很困難,但我們還是按時完成了。
EN: The use of 'it' as a personal pronoun referring back to a previously mentioned singular noun ('progress'). This avoids repetition and maintains cohesion in the sentence.
中文: 人稱代名詞「it」在此處用來指代前面提到過的單數名詞(「progress」進度)。這樣可以避免重複,並保持句子的連貫性。
EN: The phrase 'slow but steady' is a common idiom in English, famously derived from Aesop's fable 'The Tortoise and the Hare' (where 'slow and steady wins the race'). It reflects a cultural value placed on persistence and consistency over raw speed.
中文: 英文中「slow but steady」(慢而穩)是一個常見的成語,源自著名的伊索寓言《烏龜與兔子》(「穩紮穩打,無往不勝」)。這反映了一種文化價值觀,即比起單純的速度,持之以恆與穩定性更為重要。
EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It means 'without being affected by' and must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文: 介係詞「despite」(儘管)用於表示對比,意思是「不受……的影響」。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they enjoyed the football match.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是很享受那場足球賽。
EN: The adverb 'finally' is used to introduce something that happens after a long time or after a lot of difficulties. It typically placed before the main verb.
中文: 副詞「finally」(最終、終於)用於引出在一段很長的時間或經歷重重困難後發生的事情。它通常放在主要動詞之前。
After months of searching, she finally found a job.
經過幾個月的尋找,她終於找到了一份工作。
EN: In professional and entrepreneurial contexts, 'worked' is a common, informal way to say 'succeeded' or 'proved to be effective'. It highlights practicality and results over abstract success.
中文: 在職場和創業語境中,動詞「worked」是表達「成功」或「證實有效」的一種常用且口語化的方式。它比抽象的「succeeded」更強調實際效果與具體成果。
EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast, meaning 'without being affected by' or 'in spite of'. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause.
中文: 介系詞「despite」(儘管、雖然)用於表示對比,意思是「不受……影響」或「不管……」。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是決定去散步。
EN: The adverb 'often' is an adverb of frequency. In sentences with action verbs (like 'come'), it is typically placed directly before the main verb to indicate how frequently the action occurs.
中文: 副詞「often」(經常、往往)是一個頻率副詞。在含有一般動詞(如「come」)的句子中,它通常直接放在主動詞之前,用以表示該動作發生的頻率。
She often reads books before going to sleep.
她經常在睡前讀書。
EN: This sentence reflects a common Western scientific and philosophical mindset: that progress and success are non-linear and inherently require overcoming adversity. In English-speaking professional and academic cultures, failure is often reframed as a necessary stepping stone to innovation.
中文: 這句話反映了西方科學與哲學的常見思維:進步與成功並非線性發展,本質上需要克服逆境。在英語系的專業與學術文化中,失敗經常被重新定義為通往創新過程中不可或缺的墊腳石。
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause (a clause that expresses a contrast or unexpected obstacle). In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect the clauses; only one conjunction is needed.
中文: 從屬連接詞「although」(雖然)用於引導讓步子句(表示對比或出乎意料的障礙)。在英文中,「although」和「but」(但是)不能同時出現在同一個句子中來連接子句,只需使用其中一個連接詞即可。
Although the weather was bad, they went for a hike.
雖然天氣不好,他們還是去健行了。
EN: The past simple negative is formed using the auxiliary verb 'did' followed by 'not' (or the contraction 'didn't') and the base form of the main verb (in this case, 'stop').
中文: 過去簡單式的否定句是由助動詞「did」加上「not」(或縮寫「didn't」),後面再接主要動詞的原形(在此句中為「stop」)所構成。
She did not answer the phone yesterday.
她昨天沒有接電話。
EN: 'In spite of' is a prepositional phrase used to express contrast or concession, meaning 'despite'. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause.
中文: 「In spite of」是一個介係詞片語,用來表示對比或讓步,意思是「儘管」或「雖然」。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句。
In spite of the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common structure meaning to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly.
中文: 動詞「keep」後面接動名詞(V-ing)是一個常見的結構,表示持續不斷地做某事,或重複進行某動作。
She kept practicing the piano until she got it right.
她持續練習鋼琴,直到彈對為止。
EN: The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, expressing a fact that makes the main statement surprising or unexpected. It is stronger than 'although' or 'though'. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is used.
中文: 連接詞「even though」(雖然、儘管)用於引導讓步修飾子句,表示某個既定事實,使主要子句的結果顯得令人驚訝或出乎意料。它的語氣比「although」或「though」更強烈。請注意,英文中既然使用了「even though」,主要子句開頭就不能再使用「but」(但是)。
Even though the weather was terrible, they enjoyed the hike.
儘管天氣很糟糕,他們還是很享受這次健行。
EN: The verb 'teach' can function as a ditransitive verb, which takes two objects: an indirect object (usually a person, here 'them') and a direct object (the thing being taught, here 'something').
中文: 動詞「teach」(教導/使...學會)可以作為雙賓語動詞(授與動詞),後面接兩個受詞:間接受詞(通常是人,此處為「them」)與直接受詞(所教導的事物,此處為「something」)。
The experience taught us a valuable lesson.
那次經驗教給了我們寶貴的一課。
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause. It means 'although' or 'whereas' and is used to show a conflict or difference between two situations.
中文: 從屬連接詞「while」在此處用於引導讓步從屬子句,表示「雖然」或「儘管」,用以對比兩個相反或不同的情況,相當於「although」或「whereas」。
While she loves traveling, she hates flying.
雖然她熱愛旅行,但她討厭搭飛機。
EN: The past simple tense ('doubted', 'trusted') is used to describe completed actions that took place in the past. In this sentence, both the doubting and the trusting are finished past events.
中文: 簡單過去式(如「doubted」、「trusted」)用於描述在過去某個特定時間已經完成的動作或狀態。在本句中,懷疑與信任皆為過去發生的事實。
The manager approved the budget, so the project started.
經理批准了預算,所以項目啟動了。
EN: In modern professional environments, especially in tech and business, 'data-driven decision making' is highly valued. This sentence highlights a common cultural clash between traditional 'critics' (who might rely on intuition or status) and modern 'teams' who rely on empirical data.
中文: 在現代專業環境(特別是科技與商業領域)中,「數據驅動決策」受到高度重視。這句話凸顯了傳統「評論家」(可能依賴直覺或地位)與現代「團隊」(依賴實證數據)之間常見的觀念對比。
EN: The conjunction 'whereas' is used to introduce a contrast between two facts or ideas. It is a subordinating conjunction that typically starts a adverbial clause of contrast, highlighting a direct opposition between the subject of the main clause and the subject of the dependent clause.
中文: 連接詞「whereas」(然而、儘管)用於引導表示對比的從屬子句。它強調主句與從屬子句的主詞或情況之間存在直接的對立或對比。
Whereas some people prefer to work in offices, others thrive at home.
然而有些人偏好在辦公室工作,其他人則在自家中工作得很好。
EN: The adverbial phrase 'again and again' is used for emphasis to show that an action is repeated many times, often to highlight persistence, thoroughness, or frustration.
中文: 副詞片語「again and again」(一次又一次地、反覆地)用於加強語氣,表示某個動作重複了許多次,通常用來強調堅持、徹底或無奈。
EN: In professional and scientific contexts, persistence in the face of failure is highly valued. The contrast between 'others' who quit and 'they' who persevered highlights a common narrative of innovation, where success is achieved through relentless iteration.
中文: 在專業與科學領域中,面對失敗時的堅持不懈是被高度推崇的價值觀。句中將放棄的「其他人」與堅持下去的「他們」進行對比,突顯了創新過程中常見的敘事:成功是透過無數次反覆嘗試而得來的。
EN: "Despite" is a preposition used to express contrast (concession). It is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文: 「Despite」(儘管、雖然)是一個介係詞,用來表示對比或讓步。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能直接接含有主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是決定去散步。
EN: The adverb "never" is used before the main verb "faded" to express absolute negation in the past tense, emphasizing that the action of fading did not happen at any point.
中文: 副詞「never」(從未)置於主要動詞「faded」之前,用來表示過去式中的絕對否定,強調消逝這個動作在過去任何時刻都未曾發生。
EN: The phrase "long nights" is a common English metaphor representing periods of difficulty, hard work, or emotional distress. It evokes the image of staying up late to work or worry, making the eventual preservation of "hope" more poetic and powerful.
中文: 「long nights」(漫漫長夜)在英語中是一個常見的比喻,用來象徵艱難、辛苦工作或內心煎熬的時期。它讓人聯想到深夜加班或憂慮難眠的畫面,這使得最後「希望」得以保留的描述顯得更加詩意且充滿力量。
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause (expressing contrast). In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used together in the same sentence to connect clauses, unlike in Chinese where '雖然...但是...' is a common pairing.
中文: 從屬連接詞「although」(雖然)用於引導讓步子句(表示對比)。在英文中,「although」與「but」不能同時出現在同一個句子中來連接子句,這與中文常連用的「雖然……但是……」結構不同。
Although the weather was cold, they went for a swim.
雖然天氣很冷,他們還是去游泳了。
EN: The phrasal verb 'point the way' means to show the right direction or indicate how something can be developed or resolved. It is often followed by 'to' or 'toward'.
中文: 片語動詞「point the way」意為「指明方向」或「暗示發展/解決的方法」。後面常接介系詞「to」或「toward」。
These initial discoveries point the way to a cure.
這些初步的發現為治癒方法指明了方向。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'In spite of' is used to show contrast, meaning 'despite' or 'regardless of'. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause.
中文: 介係詞片語「In spite of」用於表示對比,意思是「儘管」或「不管」。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句。
In spite of the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed directly by adjectives (such as 'calm' and 'careful') to describe the subject.
中文: 動詞「stay」可以作為連繫動詞(linking verb),意思是「保持某種狀態」。後面直接接形容詞(如「calm」和「careful」)來修飾主詞。
Please stay quiet during the performance.
演出期間請保持安靜。
EN: "Even though" is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a clause of concession. It emphasizes a contrast between two facts, meaning 'despite the fact that'. It is stronger and more emphatic than 'although' or 'though'. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is used.
中文: 「Even though」(雖然、儘管)是一個從屬連接詞,用於引導表示讓步的從屬子句。它強調兩個事實之間的對比,意思是「儘管某事是事實」。它比「although」或「though」語氣更強烈。請注意,在英文中,當開頭使用了「even though」,後面的主句就不能再使用「but」(但是)。
Even though the weather was terrible, they enjoyed the hike.
雖然天氣很糟糕,他們還是很享受這次健行。
EN: The pattern 'be worth + noun/pronoun' (or gerund) is used to say that something is useful, helpful, or important enough to justify the effort, time, or money spent on it. In 'worth it', 'it' refers back to the action or situation previously mentioned.
中文: 句型「be worth + 名詞/代名詞」(或動名詞)用於表示某事足夠有用、有幫助或重要,值得為其付出努力、時間或金錢。在「worth it」中,「it」指的是前面提到的行為或情況(在此指花費數年時間追求成功)。
The training was difficult, but the results were worth it.
訓練很艱苦,但結果是值得的。
EN: The sentiment expressed in this sentence reflects a strong cultural value in English-speaking societies (often referred to as the 'growth mindset' or 'grit'). Perseverance through long-term difficulties is highly celebrated, especially in professional, academic, and personal growth contexts.
中文: 這句話所表達的情感反映了英語系國家中非常推崇的文化價值觀(通常被稱為「成長型思維」或「恆毅力」)。在長期困難中堅持不懈的精神,在職業、學術以及個人成長的背景下都受到高度讚揚。
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a dependent clause to introduce a contrast, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'while' or 'although' is used.
中文: 從屬連接詞「while」用於從屬子句的開頭,用來引導表示對比或讓步的子句,意思是「雖然」或「儘管」。在英文中,當開頭使用了「while」或「although」時,主要子句中不能再使用「but」(但是)。
While the movie was long, it was very interesting.
雖然這部電影很長,但非常有趣。
EN: The verb 'build' is used metaphorically with abstract nouns like 'character' or 'reputation' to mean 'to develop, strengthen, or establish over time'.
中文: 動詞「build」(建立/培養)常與「character」(品格)或「reputation」(名譽)等抽象名詞搭配,表示「隨著時間逐漸培養、加強或建立」。
Overcoming challenges helps build confidence.
克服挑戰有助於建立自信心。
EN: The concept of 'building character' through hardship is a deeply ingrained value in English-speaking cultures, particularly in personal development and sports. It reflects the belief that difficulties and failures are not just obstacles, but essential experiences that shape a person's integrity, resilience, and moral strength.
中文: 透過艱難困苦來「培養品格」(building character)是英語系國家中非常根深蒂固的價值觀,特別常見於個人成長和體育精神中。這反映了一種信念:困難與失敗不僅僅是障礙,更是塑造一個人正直、韌性與道德力量所不可或缺的經歷。
EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun, but never by a full clause (subject + verb). It means 'in spite of' or 'without being affected by'.
中文: 介系詞「despite」(儘管、雖然)用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、名詞片語或代名詞,絕不能接完整的子句(主詞 + 動詞)。其意思與「in spite of」相同,表示「不受……影響」。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是決定去散步。
EN: The verb 'carry forward' is a phrasal verb. In this context, it means to give someone the strength or motivation to continue progressing or moving in a positive direction.
中文: 動詞片語「carry forward」在此情境中意為「驅使前行」或「推進」,指賦予某人力量或動力,使其在積極的方向上繼續進步或前進。
Their passion for music carried them forward through difficult times.
他們對音樂的熱愛驅使著他們度過艱難的時光。
EN: This sentence reflects a common Western cultural value: the celebration of curiosity and individual drive as key forces to overcome adversity. In professional and academic contexts, 'curiosity' is highly praised as a catalyst for innovation and resilience.
中文: 這句話反映了西方文化中常見的價值觀:將「好奇心」和個人驅動力視為克服逆境的關鍵力量。在專業和學術領域中,「好奇心」常被高度讚譽為推動創新與展現韌性的催化劑。
EN: The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed directly by an adjective (or past participle acting as an adjective) like 'motivated', rather than an adverb.
中文: 動詞「stay」可以作為連繫動詞(linking verb),表示「保持某種狀態」。其後直接接形容詞(或充當形容詞的過去分詞),如「motivated」(有動力的),而非副詞。
How do you stay calm under pressure?
你在壓力下是如何保持冷靜的?
EN: In English, when directly addressing someone by name (vocative case), the name is separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. It can be placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence.
中文: 在英語中,當直接稱呼某人的名字時(呼格),名字與句子其他部分之間必須用逗號隔開。名字可以放在句首或句尾。
Where are we going, David?
大衛,我們要去哪裡?
EN: In English-speaking workplaces and academic settings, asking colleagues or peers about their motivation ('How did you stay motivated?') is a common way to show admiration for their resilience and to build rapport by sharing personal strategies.
中文: 在英語系國家的職場或學術環境中,詢問同事或同儕如何保持動力('How did you stay motivated?')是一種常見的溝通方式。這不僅表達了對他人毅力的讚賞,也能透過分享個人心路歷程來拉近彼此的距離。
EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun, noun phrase, or gerund (-ing form), but never by a full clause (subject + verb).
中文: 介係詞「despite」(儘管)用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、名詞片語或動名詞(-ing 形式),絕對不能直接接完整的子句(主詞 + 動詞)。
Despite the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The idiom 'keep (something) in mind' means to remember, consider, or remain aware of something important.
中文: 片語「keep (something) in mind」意思是記住、考慮或將某件重要的事情牢記在心。
Please keep our safety rules in mind while working.
工作時請務必將我們的安全守則牢記在心。
EN: In English-speaking professional and academic cultures, resilience and maintaining focus on long-term goals despite setbacks are highly valued traits. The phrase 'keep one's goal in mind' is commonly used in motivational contexts to encourage perseverance.
中文: 在英語系國家的職場與學術文化中,面對挫折時展現韌性並專注於長期目標是被高度器重的特質。片語「keep one's goal in mind」常用於勵志情境中,用來鼓勵他人堅持不懈。
EN: The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast with the main clause. In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect the clauses, unlike in Chinese where '雖然' (although) and '但是' (but) are often used together.
中文: 連接詞「although」用於引導讓步從屬子句,表示與主句的對比。在英文中,「although」和「but」不能同時出現在同一個句子中來連接子句,這與中文常將「雖然」和「但是」連用的習慣不同。
Although the weather was bad, we enjoyed our hike.
雖然天氣不好,我們依然享受了這次健行。
EN: The adverb 'never' is a negative frequency adverb used before the main verb (or after the auxiliary verb) to emphasize that an action did not happen at any time.
中文: 副詞「never」(從未)是表示否定頻率的副詞,通常放在一般動詞之前(或助動詞之後),用以強調某個動作在任何時候都沒有發生過。
She never lost hope during the difficult times.
在艱難的時期,她從未失去希望。
EN: "In spite of" is a prepositional phrase used to express contrast (concession). It means "despite" or "although there is/was." It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), not a full clause.
中文: 「In spite of」(儘管、雖然)是一個介係詞片語,用於表示對比或讓步。它的意思與「despite」相同。後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),不能接完整的子句。
In spite of the heavy rain, they went for a walk.
儘管下著大雨,他們還是去散步了。
EN: The verb "trust" can be used transitively (trust someone/something) to mean having confidence in the honesty, goodness, or reliability of that person or thing.
中文: 及物動詞「trust」(相信、信任)可以直接接賓語(trust someone/something),表示對某人或某事物的誠實、善良或可靠性充滿信心。
You should trust your instincts.
你應該相信你的直覺。
EN: "Even though" is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a concession clause. It emphasizes a strong contrast between two facts, meaning 'despite the fact that'. Unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'but' (but) in the main clause when 'even though' is used.
中文: 「Even though」是一個從屬連接詞,用於引導讓步子句。它強調兩個事實之間的強烈對比,意思是「儘管、雖然」。與中文不同的是,當英文句子開頭使用了「even though」,後面的主句就不能再使用「but」(但是)。
Even though it was raining, they played soccer.
雖然下著雨,他們還是踢了足球。
EN: The phrase "once more" is an adverbial idiom meaning 'one more time' or 'again'. It is often used at the end of a sentence to emphasize another attempt after previous ones.
中文: 片語「once more」是一個副詞片語,意思是「再一次」或「重新」。它通常放在句尾,用以強調在之前的嘗試之後,又進行了另一次的努力。
She read the letter once more to make sure she understood.
她把那封信再讀了一遍,以確保自己看懂了。
EN: The conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a subordinate clause to show contrast, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It introduces a concession before the main clause.
中文: 從屬連接詞「while」可用於引導從屬子句,表示「雖然、儘管」,與「although」或「even though」用法相似,用以引出讓步語氣,並與主句形成對比。
While the movie was long, it was very interesting.
雖然這部電影很長,但非常有趣。
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb. When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it describes witnessing an action or process that is currently in progress or ongoing.
中文: 感官動詞「see」(看見)後面接了受詞與現在分詞(V-ing)時,用來描述親眼目睹某個正在進行或持續發生的動作與過程。
I saw the children playing in the park.
我看到孩子們在公園裡玩耍。
EN: The conjunction 'whereas' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that contrasts with the main clause. It is often used in formal contexts to highlight a direct opposition or difference between two facts or situations.
中文: 連接詞「whereas」(然而、儘管)用於引導從屬子句,以與主要子句進行對比。它常用於正式語境中,用來強調兩個事實或情況之間的直接對立或差異。
Whereas some people prefer to work in offices, others thrive at home.
然而有些人喜歡在辦公室工作,其他人則在留在家中時表現更佳。
EN: The phrasal verb 'push on' means to continue on a journey or with an activity, especially despite difficulties or obstacles.
中文: 片語動詞「push on」意思是繼續行程或繼續進行某項活動,特別是在遇到困難或障礙的情況下(堅持下去、繼續前進)。
Although we were exhausted, we decided to push on to the summit.
雖然我們精疲力竭,我們還是決定繼續向山頂挺進。
EN: The contrast between 'giving up' and 'pushing on' reflects a strong cultural value in English-speaking professional and academic environments: resilience and growth mindset. Admitting past failure ('once gave up') is not seen as weakness, but rather as a necessary stepping stone to current strength and perseverance.
中文: 「放棄」(giving up)與「堅持下去」(pushing on)之間的對比,反映了英語系國家在職場與學術環境中非常看重的一種文化價值:韌性(resilience)與成長心態。承認過去的失敗(once gave up)並不被視為軟弱,反而被看作是通往現在強大與堅持的必經之路。
EN: The preposition 'despite' is used to show contrast. It is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form), but never by a subject-verb clause.
中文: 介係詞「despite」(儘管)用於表示對比。其後必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(-ing 形式),絕對不能直接接含有主詞和動詞的子句。
Despite the rain, they enjoyed the outdoor concert.
儘管下雨,他們還是很享受那場戶外音樂會。
EN: The phrase 'so much' is used as an adverbial modifier to emphasize the large degree or intensity of the action 'learned'.
中文: 片語「so much」在此處作為副詞修飾語,用以強調「學習」(learned)這一動作的程度或強度之深。
EN: In professional and educational settings in English-speaking cultures, there is a strong emphasis on growth mindset. Phrases like 'learned so much' from 'setbacks' reflect a cultural value that views failure not as a dead end, but as a valuable learning opportunity.
中文: 在英語系國家的職場與教育文化中,非常強調「成長型思維」(growth mindset)。從「挫折」(setbacks)中「學到很多」(learned so much)這樣的表達,反映了將失敗視為寶貴學習機會而非終點的文化價值觀。
EN: Concessive Clause Reduction: When the subject of the subordinate clause (introduced by 'although') is the same as the main clause's subject, or when the subordinate clause contains a form of 'be', the subject and 'be' can be omitted. Here, 'Although small' is a reduced form of 'Although they were small' or 'Although it was small'.
中文: 讓步子句的省略(簡化):當由「although(雖然)」引導的從屬子句主詞與主要子句主詞相同,或者從屬子句中含有「be 動詞」時,主詞和 be 動詞可以省略。在本句中,「Although small」是「Although they were small」或「Although it was small」的省略形式。
Although tired, she finished her homework before going to bed.
雖然疲憊,她還是在上床睡覺前完成了功課。
EN: The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important or have significant value'. It is commonly followed by the prepositional phrase 'to [someone]' to indicate who is affected by or cares about the situation.
中文: 動詞「matter」是不及物動詞,意思是「重要」或「有重大價值」。它通常後接介系詞片語「to [某人]」,用以表示該情況對誰產生影響或誰對此在意。
Your opinion matters to us.
您的意見對我們來說很重要。
EN: The imperative mood is used to give commands, advice, or encouragement. It is formed by using the base form of the verb (in this case, 'Keep') without a subject, as the subject 'you' is implied.
中文: 祈使句(Imperative Mood)用於給予命令、建議或鼓勵。其結構是直接使用動詞原形(在此為 'Keep')開頭,省略主詞,因為主詞「你/你們(you)」已被默認。
Keep trying, and you will succeed.
繼續努力,你就會成功。
EN: 'Even though' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a concession clause. It means 'despite the fact that' and is used to contrast a surprising or obstacle-like fact with the main action.
中文: 「Even though」是從屬連接詞,用於引導讓步子句,表示「即使、雖然」。它用來將一個令人驚訝或看似障礙的事實與主要動作進行對比。
Even though it was raining, they played soccer.
雖然下著雨,他們還是踢了足球。
EN: The phrase 'the road is long' is a common metaphor in English-speaking cultures representing life's journey, long-term goals, or personal struggles. It emphasizes perseverance and resilience over quick results.
中文: 「the road is long(路途遙遠)」在英語系國家是一個常見的比喻,用來象徵人生旅途、長期目標或個人奮鬥。它強調的是堅持不懈與韌性,而非追求速成。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 障礙,阻礙
在本文中: 挫折,阻礙
在本文中: 調查,測量
在本文中: 好奇心
在本文中: 穩定的,持續的
在本文中: 有積極性的,有動力的
在本文中: 試驗,試用
在本文中: 批評者,反對者
在本文中: 褪去,消逝
在本文中: 性格,品質,品格
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To stop trying to do something; to surrender or quit.
放棄
To continue on a journey or with an activity, especially despite difficulties.
繼續前進,堅持下去
To remember or consider something important.
記住,牢記在心
Deserving the effort, time, or money spent on something.
值得的