EN： Present Perfect Continuous Tense (has/have been + present participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up to the present moment, often emphasizing the ongoing nature or duration of the activity.
中文： 現在完成進行式（has/have been + 現在分詞）用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作，通常強調該活動的持續性或時間長度。
She has been studying English for five years.
她已經學了五年的英文。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'in recent years' is commonly used with the present perfect or present perfect continuous tense to indicate a time period extending from the recent past up to the present.
中文： 介系詞片語「in recent years」（近年來）常用於現在完成式或現在完成進行式，表示從不久的過去一直延伸到現在的一段時間。
EN： The term 'screen production' refers to the creation of content for both movie screens (cinema) and television/streaming screens. Australia has become a highly popular filming destination due to its diverse landscapes, skilled local crews, and attractive government tax incentives.
中文： 「screen production」（影視製作）一詞指的是為電影銀幕以及電視或串流平台螢幕所製作的內容。由於澳洲擁有豐富多樣的自然景觀、專業的在地製作團隊以及吸引人的政府稅收優惠，近年來已成為極受歡迎的電影拍攝地。
EN： The noun clause (appositive clause) introduced by 'that'. In this sentence, 'that its new Perth Film Studios...' is an appositive clause explaining the specific content of the noun 'a big bet' (a major decision or gamble).
中文： 由「that」引導的名詞子句（同位語子句）。在本句中，「that its new Perth Film Studios...」是一個同位語子句，用來補充說明名詞「a big bet」（重大賭注）的具體內容。
There is a strong belief that the new project will succeed.
人們堅信這項新專案將會成功。
EN： The idiom 'make a bet' (or 'make a big bet') means to take a risk or make a major decision with the expectation of a positive result.
中文： 片語「make a bet」（或「make a big bet」）字面意思是下注，引申為「採取冒險行動」或「做出重大決策」，並期望獲得好結果。
The company is making a big bet on artificial intelligence.
這家公司正將重大賭注押在人工智慧上。
EN： Australia's film industry has traditionally been centered on the east coast (cities like Sydney and Gold Coast). Western Australia's massive investment in the Perth Film Studios represents a major strategic move to diversify its economy and challenge the eastern states' dominance in the screen sector.
中文： 澳洲的電影產業傳統上集中在東海岸（如雪梨和黃金海岸等城市）。西澳對伯斯電影製片廠的鉅額投資，代表了其促進經濟多元化、並挑戰東部各州在影視產業主導地位的重大戰略舉措。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a strong connection or relevance to the present (the investment has been made, and the facility now exists).
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述始於過去且與現在有強烈關聯或影響的動作（投資已經完成，且該設施目前已存在）。
The company has invested millions of dollars in renewable energy.
該公司已在再生能源上投資了數百萬美元。
EN： Non-defining Relative Clause: The clause ', which is located on a former cow paddock...', introduced by 'which', provides extra, non-essential information about 'the facility'. It is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 非限定關係子句：由 'which' 引導的子句「, which is located on a former cow paddock...」提供了關於「the facility（該設施）」的額外且非必要的補充說明。它與主句之間用逗號隔開。
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
他買了一輛新車，花了他一大筆錢。
EN： The mention of a 'former cow paddock' (paddock is a term commonly used in Australia and New Zealand for a fenced field) highlights the dramatic transformation of rural land into a high-tech creative hub, reflecting Western Australia's economic diversification efforts beyond mining and agriculture.
中文： 文中提到「以前的牛隻飼育場」（paddock 是澳洲和紐西蘭常用於指代有圍欄的田地或牧場的詞彙），突顯了農村土地轉變為高科技創意樞紐的巨大變化，這反映了西澳在礦業和農業之外，致力於推動經濟多元化的努力。
EN： Apposition (同位語) is a grammatical construction where two noun phrases are placed side-by-side to identify or explain each other. In this sentence, 'Tom Avison' is in apposition to 'The studio's first chief executive', providing the specific name of the executive.
中文： 同位語（Apposition）是一種語法結構，將兩個名詞片語並列放置，用以互相識別或解釋。在本句中，「湯姆·艾維森」是「這間製片廠的首任執行長」的同位語，提供了該執行長的正確認名。
My English teacher, Mr. Smith, loves reading novels.
我的英文老師史密斯先生熱愛讀小說。
EN： The past simple tense is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past. The adverb 'recently' is often used with the past simple to indicate that the action happened a short time ago.
中文： 簡單過去式用於描述在過去特定時間完成的動作。副詞「recently」（最近）經常與簡單過去式連用，表示該動作在不久前剛發生。
She recently moved to a new apartment in the city.
她最近搬到了市區的一間新公寓。
EN： Los Angeles is the global hub of the entertainment industry, often referred to colloquially as 'Hollywood' or 'L.A.' A 'sales trip' to Los Angeles by a film studio executive is a standard business practice aimed at pitching local facilities, tax incentives, and production crews to major American film studios and streaming giants (like Netflix and Disney) to secure high-budget international projects.
中文： 洛杉磯是全球娛樂產業的樞紐，通常被俗稱為「好萊塢」或「L.A.」。電影製片廠高階主管前往洛杉磯進行「銷售考察行程」（sales trip）是標準的商業慣例，旨在向美國各大電影製片廠和串流巨頭（如網飛和迪士尼）推銷當地的硬體設施、稅收優惠及製作團隊，以爭取高預算的國際合作項目。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate a preceding general category (in this case, 'major companies'). It is synonymous with 'like' or 'for example'.
中文： 介系詞片語「such as」（例如、像是）用於引入具體實例，以說明前面所提到的泛指類別（在此句中為「major companies」各大公司）。其意思等同於「like」或「for example」。
She enjoys outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and camping.
她喜歡戶外活動，例如徒步旅行、騎自行車和露營。
EN： The preposition 'during' is used to indicate that something happens within a specific period of time or throughout the duration of an event.
中文： 介系詞「during」（在……期間）用於表示某事發生在某個特定時間段之內，或發生在某個事件的整個過程中。
During the summer vacation, we visited several historical sites.
在暑假期間，我們參觀了幾個歷史遺跡。
EN： The sentence mentions major Hollywood entertainment conglomerates (Netflix, Universal, Warner Brothers, and Disney). In the global film industry, securing meetings with these 'major studios' is a key milestone for any regional film commission (like Western Australia's) looking to attract high-budget international productions, often referred to as 'runaway productions' when filmed outside the US.
中文： 句子中提到了好萊塢的主要娛樂巨頭（網飛、環球影業、華納兄弟和迪士尼）。在全球電影產業中，對於任何希望吸引高預算國際製作（在美國境外拍攝時通常被稱為「境外製作」）的地方電影委員會（如西澳的委員會）來說，能與這些「大製片廠」舉行會議是一個關鍵的里程碑。
EN： The preposition 'before' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when the subject of the main clause is the same as the implied subject of the gerund. This creates a concise adverbial clause of time.
中文： 介系詞「before」（在……之前）後面可以接動名詞（V-ing），前提是主句的主詞與動名詞的邏輯主詞相同。這種結構能簡化時間副詞子句，使句子更簡潔。
Before moving to New York, she worked as a journalist in Chicago.
在搬到紐約之前，她在芝加哥擔任記者。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun like 'which' preceded by a comma. They provide extra, non-essential information about a noun (in this case, 'Sky Studios Elstree') and cannot be omitted if you want to keep the extra detail, but the main sentence remains grammatically complete without them.
中文： 非限定關係子句由關係代名詞（如「which」）引導，前面加上逗號。它們用來提供關於先行詞（此處為「天空埃爾斯特里製片廠」）的額外補充資訊，若省略不寫，主句的語意依然完整。
He bought a new laptop, which cost him over a thousand dollars.
他買了一台新筆記型電腦，花了他一千多美元。
EN： Sky Studios Elstree is a state-of-the-art film and TV studio located north of London. It represents the UK's booming creative industry. The mention of 'Wicked' and 'Jurassic World' highlights the studio's capacity to host massive, Hollywood-scale global blockbusters.
中文： 天空埃爾斯特里製片廠（Sky Studios Elstree）是位於倫敦北部、設備頂尖的電影與電視製片廠，代表著英國蓬勃發展的創意產業。文中提到《魔法壞女巫》和《侏羅紀世界》，突顯了該製片廠承接好萊塢級全球鉅片的能力。
EN： Reported Speech with Omission of 'that': When reporting what someone said, the conjunction 'that' can be omitted after reporting verbs like 'said', especially in informal or spoken English. The tense in the reported clause often shifts backward (backshift) to match the past tense of the reporting verb.
中文： 間接引語中省略連接詞「that」：在轉述他人說過的話時，引導名詞子句的連接詞「that」在「said」等轉述動詞後常被省略，這在口語或非正式英語中非常常見。此外，被引導子句中的時態通常會配合主要動詞「said」向過去推移（時態一致）。
She said she wanted to join the project.
她說她想加入這個專案。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Reason with 'because': The conjunction 'because' introduces a subordinate clause that explains the reason or cause for the action in the main clause. It answers the question 'why?'.
中文： 由「because」引導的原因副詞子句：連接詞「because」用來引導從屬子句，用以解釋主句動作發生的原因或理由，回答「為什麼」的問題。
They hired him because he had extensive experience.
他們雇用他是因為他有豐富的經驗。
EN： In professional contexts, the word 'role' is commonly used as a synonym for 'job' or 'position'. Additionally, the phrase 'shape an entire industry' reflects a high-level career motivation, where professionals seek opportunities not just for personal employment, but to make a pioneering impact on a region's economic and cultural landscape.
中文： 在職場情境中，「role」一字常被用作「工作」或「職位」的同義詞。此外，「shape an entire industry」（塑造整個產業）反映了高階人才的職涯動機，他們尋求的往往不只是個人的就業機會，更是能對一個地區的經濟與文化版圖產生開創性影響的契機。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Compound Verbs: When a single subject ('The Perth Film Studios site') performs multiple actions, the verbs ('covers' and 'includes') must both agree with the singular subject by adding the '-s' ending.
中文： 複合動詞的主詞與動詞一致性：當單一主詞（「伯斯電影製片廠」）執行多個動作時，所有動詞（「covers」與「includes」）都必須與單數主詞一致，在字尾加上「-s」。
The new park features a playground and offers beautiful views of the lake.
這座新公園設有遊樂場，並提供美麗的湖景。
EN： Parallel Structure in Lists: When listing items, they should share the same grammatical form. Here, the coordinating conjunction 'and' connects three plural noun phrases: 'four large sound stages', 'production offices', and 'workshops'.
中文： 列表中的平行結構：在列出多個項目時，它們應該使用相同的文法形式。在此處，對等連接詞「and」連接了三個複數名詞片語：「four large sound stages」（四個大型聲學攝影棚）、「production offices」（製作辦公室）和「workshops」（工作坊）。
The resort has two swimming pools, fitness centers, and restaurants.
該度假村擁有兩個游泳池、健身中心和餐廳。
EN： A 'sound stage' (often written as soundstage) is a soundproofed hangar-like structure used for theatrical filmmaking and television production. Unlike a regular warehouse, it is highly engineered to block out external noise and control acoustics, which is essential for recording high-quality dialogue on set.
中文： 「Sound stage」（聲學攝影棚/隔音攝影棚）是一種用於電影和電視製作的隔音、像飛機庫一樣的建築物。與普通倉庫不同，它的結構經過高度工程設計，以阻絕外部噪音並控制聲學效果，這對於在現場錄製高品質的對白至關重要。
EN： The structure 'There is also...' is used to introduce the existence of an additional item or fact. 'Also' is an adverb placed after the verb 'is' to mean 'in addition' or 'too'.
中文： 「There is also...」（那裡還有……）結構用於引入存在的新事物或事實。副詞「also」放在動詞「is」之後，表示「此外」或「也」。
There is also a modern gym in the hotel.
那家飯店裡還有一個現代化的健身房。
EN： The relative clause 'that is larger than...' uses the relative pronoun 'that' as the subject to modify the noun 'backlot'. It introduces a comparison using the comparative adjective 'larger' followed by 'than'.
中文： 關係子句「that is larger than...」使用關係代名詞「that」作為主詞，用來修飾名詞「backlot」（外景場地）。它使用比較級形容詞「larger」加上「than」來引導比較結構。
He bought a laptop that is faster than my computer.
他買了一台比我的電腦還要快的筆記型電腦。
EN： Optus Stadium, located in Perth, Western Australia, is a major multi-purpose venue known for hosting Australian Rules Football (AFL), cricket, and major concerts. Referencing its 60,000-seat capacity helps readers visualize the massive scale of the new film studio's backlot.
中文： 位於西澳伯斯的奧普圖斯體育場（Optus Stadium）是一座著名的大型多功能體育場，以舉辦澳式足球（AFL）、板球及大型演唱會而聞名。文中提及它「擁有六萬個座位」的規模，是為了讓讀者具體想像新電影製片廠外景場地的巨大面積。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has reached') is used to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to have relevance or has just been completed in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has reached）用於描述過去開始並持續影響到現在，或在現在剛剛完成的動作或狀態。
The company's annual revenue has reached an all-time high this year.
該公司今年的年收入已達到歷史新高。
EN： The past participle 'committed' acts as an adjective (reduced relative clause) modifying 'the 57 million dollars'. It is short for 'which is/was committed'.
中文： 過去分詞「committed」（承諾用於...的）在此作為形容詞修飾「the 57 million dollars」，是關係子句「which is/was committed」的省略簡化形式。
The funds committed to the project will be released next month.
承諾用於該項目的資金將於下個月撥付。
EN： The Present Perfect Passive Voice ('has/have been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and has relevance to the present, focusing on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態（has/have been + 過去分詞）用於描述過去開始且與現在相關的動作，其焦點在於動作的接受者而非執行者。
The new library has been funded by local businesses.
新圖書館是由當地企業資助的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing) that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態句子中用於引介執行該動作的施事者（人或事物）。
The project was approved by the committee.
該專案已獲得委員會批准。
EN： In federal countries like Australia, 'state taxpayers' refers to citizens paying taxes to the individual state government (such as Western Australia) rather than the federal government. This highlights that the project is locally funded and expected to benefit the local economy directly.
中文： 在像澳洲這樣的聯邦制國家中，「州納稅人」（state taxpayers）指的是向地方州政府（如西澳）而非聯邦政府繳稅的公民。這強調了該項目是由地方資金支持，並期望能直接造福當地經濟。
EN： The preposition 'among' is used when referring to relations or distribution involving more than two entities (in this case, 'Australian states and other countries'). It differs from 'between', which is typically used for two distinct entities.
中文： 介系詞「among」（在……之中）用於指代三個或三個以上實體之間的關係或分配（在此處指「澳洲各州與其他國家」）。它與「between」不同，「between」通常用於兩者之間。
The decision was discussed among the members of the committee.
這項決定在委員會成員之間進行了討論。
EN： The subject of the sentence is 'The competition', which is a singular noun. Therefore, it takes the singular verb 'is', despite the intervening plural noun phrase 'international film production'. This is a key rule of subject-verb agreement.
中文： 本句的主詞是「The competition」（競爭），為單數名詞。因此，儘管中間夾著複數概念的修飾語，動詞仍須使用單數動詞「is」。這是主詞與動詞一致性（Subject-Verb Agreement）的重要規則。
The demand for organic vegetables is increasing rapidly.
對有機蔬菜的需求正在迅速增長。
EN： Australia consists of six states and two major mainland territories. In the creative industries, these states (such as New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia) often compete fiercely against each other using tax incentives and state-funded studio infrastructure to attract lucrative Hollywood and international film productions.
中文： 澳洲由六個州和兩個主要領地組成。在創意產業中，這些州（如新南威爾斯州、維多利亞州和西澳）經常透過提供稅收優惠和州政府資助的製片廠基礎設施展開激烈競爭，以吸引利潤豐厚的好萊塢及國際電影製作。
EN： The verb 'tell' is a ditransitive verb that typically takes an indirect object (the person being told) followed by a direct object. In this sentence, the direct object is a 'that-clause' (noun clause) acting as the reported speech, which explains what was said.
中文： 動詞「tell」（告訴）是一個雙賓語動詞，通常後接間接賓語（接受訊息的人），再接直接賓語。在本句中，直接賓語是由「that」引導的子句（名詞子句）作為間接引語，用來解釋說了什麼內容。
She told her team that the project was approved.
她告訴她的團隊專案已經獲得批准。
EN： The structure 'consider A as B' is used to express how someone views or regards someone or something. 'Consider' acts as the transitive verb, 'A' is the direct object, and 'as B' is a prepositional phrase acting as an object complement.
中文： 結構「consider A as B」（將 A 視為 B）用於表達某人如何看待或對待某人或某事。「consider」是及物動詞，「A」是直接賓語，而「as B」是介系詞片語，充當賓語補語。
We consider this challenge as a great opportunity.
我們將這個挑戰視為一個極佳的機會。
EN： Los Angeles is globally recognized as the entertainment capital of the world, home to Hollywood and major film studios. For an Australian film executive like Tom Avison, traveling to Los Angeles to pitch Perth as a filming destination is a strategic move to attract high-budget American productions to Western Australia.
中文： 洛杉磯被公認為全球娛樂產業之都，是好萊塢和各大電影製片廠的所在地。對於像湯姆·艾維森這樣的澳洲電影主管來說，前往洛杉磯宣傳伯斯作為拍攝目的地，是吸引高預算美國製作團隊到西澳投資的戰略性舉措。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like 'which' and are separated from the main clause by a comma. They provide extra, non-essential information about the preceding noun phrase or the entire preceding clause. In this sentence, 'which' refers back to the entire action of finding the job through LinkedIn.
中文： 非限定關係子句（Non-defining relative clauses）由關係代名詞（如 'which'）引導，並用逗號與主句隔開。它們針對前方的名詞片語或整個前句提供額外的、非必要的補充資訊。在本句中，'which' 指代的是「透過領英找到這份工作」的整件事。
She passed her driving test on the first attempt, which surprised everyone.
她第一次考駕照就通過了，這讓每個人都很驚訝。
EN： The verb pattern 'describe A as B' is used to state what someone or something is like, where 'A' is the object and 'B' is a noun or adjective phrase describing that object.
中文： 動詞句型「describe A as B」（將 A 形容為 B）用於說明某人或某事物的特徵，其中「A」是受詞，「B」是形容該受詞的名詞或形容詞片語。
The critics described the new movie as a masterpiece.
影評人將這部新電影形容為一部傑作。
EN： LinkedIn is a widely used professional networking platform globally. In many Western countries, including Australia, it is extremely common for high-level executives and professionals to find job opportunities or be recruited directly through LinkedIn, rather than through traditional job boards.
中文： 領英（LinkedIn）是全球廣泛使用的專業職場社群平台。在包括澳洲在許多西方國家，高階主管與專業人士透過領英尋找工作機會或直接被獵頭招募是非常普遍的現象，而非僅依賴傳統的求職網站。
EN： Passive Voice (was built / has been transformed): Used when the action is more important than the doer. It is formed with 'be' + past participle. In this sentence, we see both the Simple Past Passive ('was built') and the Present Perfect Passive ('has been transformed').
中文： 被動語態（was built / has been transformed）：當動作本身比執行者更重要時使用。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」。在本句中，我們同時看到了簡單過去式的被動語態（was built）和現在完成式的被動語態（has been transformed）。
The new library was opened last month and has been welcomed by local residents.
新圖書館於上個月啟用，並受到當地居民的歡迎。
EN： Transformational prepositional phrase (transform from A into B): The verb 'transform' is commonly used with 'from... into...' to describe a complete change in form, appearance, or character from an initial state (A) to a final state (B).
中文： 轉變介系詞片語（transform from A into B）：動詞「transform」（轉變）常用與「from... into...」搭配，用來描述某物從初始狀態（A）完全改變其外觀、形式或性質至最終狀態（B）。
The old warehouse was transformed from a dusty storage space into a modern art gallery.
這座舊倉庫從一個佈滿灰塵的儲藏空間轉變為一個現代美術館。
EN： The verb 'hope' is followed by a noun clause (that-clause) acting as its direct object. In this sentence, the conjunction 'that' is omitted, which is very common in informal and semi-formal English. The clause 'this major public investment will...' functions as the object of 'hopes'.
中文： 動詞「hope」（希望）後面常接名詞子句（that 子句）作為其直接受詞。在本句中，連接詞「that」被省略了，這在非正式和半正式的英語中非常常見。子句「this major public investment will...」在句中充當「hopes」的受詞。
She hopes the weather will be fine tomorrow.
她希望明天天氣會很好。
EN： The modal verb 'will' is used here to express a future expectation or prediction. It is followed by the base form of the verbs 'create' and 'bring', which are connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and' to form a compound predicate.
中文： 助動詞「will」在此處用於表示對未來的期望或預測。其後接動詞原形「create」與「bring」，這兩個動詞由對等連接詞「and」連接，構成複合謂語。
The new policy will reduce waste and save money.
新政策將會減少浪費並節省資金。
EN： The sentence reflects the economic strategy of Australian state governments, such as Western Australia, which actively use public funding and tax incentives to attract global creative industries (like Hollywood film productions) to boost local employment and tourism.
中文： 這句話反映了澳洲各州政府（如西澳）的經濟戰略，即積極利用公共資金和稅收優惠來吸引全球創意產業（如好萊塢電影製作），以促進當地就業和旅遊業發展。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 吸引，引起…的興趣或關注
在本文中： （為特定目的而建的）場所、設施
在本文中： （企業或組織的）行政主管，經理
在本文中： 主辦，主持（在此指提供場地供電影拍攝）
在本文中： 目的地，終點
在本文中： 難以置信的，極好的
在本文中： 使徹底改觀，使轉化
在本文中： 投資，投資額
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
The process of making content for screens, such as movies, television shows, and digital media.
影視製作
A soundproof hangar-like structure, room, or building, used on a movie studio lot for the production of theatrical filmmaking and television productions.
隔音攝影棚
An area behind or adjoining a movie studio, containing permanent outdoor sets or space for temporary sets.
露天片場、外景場地
To take a major risk or make a significant investment in the belief that a particular activity or project will succeed.
下大賭注，寄予厚望並投入巨資