Issey Miyake: From Ashes to Art三宅一生：從灰燼到藝術
聆聽課程
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EN： Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or rename it. Here, 'a city...' renames 'Hiroshima'.
中文： 同位語片語：放置在另一個名詞旁邊，用來識別或重新命名該名詞的名詞或名詞片語。在此處，「a city...」重新定義了「Hiroshima」。
Paris, the capital of France, is known for its art.
巴黎，法國的首都，以其藝術聞名。
EN： Relative Clause with 'that': Used to provide essential or additional information about a noun. 'That would forever shape his life' describes the city.
中文： 使用 'that' 的關係子句：用於提供關於名詞的必要或額外資訊。「that would forever shape his life」描述了這座城市。
He wrote a book that changed my perspective.
他寫了一本改變我觀點的書。
EN： Hiroshima is deeply tied to the history of World War II. For Issey Miyake, surviving the atomic bomb was a pivotal experience that influenced his design philosophy of 'making things' (monozukuri) as a way of moving toward hope and creation rather than destruction.
中文： 廣島與二戰歷史有著深厚的聯繫。對於三宅一生來說，在原子彈爆炸中倖存是一段關鍵經歷，這影響了他的設計哲學——將「製造物品」(monozukuri) 視為邁向希望與創造而非毀滅的一種方式。
EN： The conjunction 'When' is used to introduce a subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time) that indicates the specific time an action occurred in the past.
中文： 連接詞 'When' 用於引導從屬子句（時間副詞子句），用來標示過去某個動作發生的具體時間點。
When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.
當鈴聲響起時，學生們離開了教室。
EN： The word 'just' is used as an adverb here to emphasize a small number or a young age, meaning 'only'.
中文： 單字 'just' 在此作為副詞使用，用來強調數量少或年紀小，意為「僅僅」或「只有」。
She was just a child when she started playing the piano.
她開始彈鋼琴時還只是個孩子。
EN： The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in world history and Japanese identity. For Issey Miyake, being a 'hibakusha' (atomic bomb survivor) deeply influenced his design philosophy, leading him to focus on creation and life rather than destruction.
中文： 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸是世界歷史和日本民族認同中的關鍵事件。對於三宅一生來說，作為一名「被爆者」（原子彈倖存者）深刻影響了他的設計哲學，使他致力於創造與生命，而非破壞。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the subject is the recipient of the action. Here, 'was exposed' indicates that the radiation affected him, rather than him performing an action.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞) 用於主詞是動作的接受者時。在這裡，「was exposed」表示他受到輻射影響，而不是他主動執行某個動作。
The skin was exposed to direct sunlight for hours.
皮膚在陽光直射下暴露了數小時。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or an unexpected result.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」用於連接兩個具有對比關係或呈現出乎意料結果的獨立子句。
She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.
她努力學習，但沒有通過考試。
EN： This sentence refers to the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The term 'radiation sickness' (mentioned in context) and 'effects of radiation' are deeply tied to the historical trauma of Japan and influenced Issey Miyake's later philosophy of creating 'life-giving' rather than 'destructive' designs.
中文： 這句話指的是 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸。文中提到的「輻射病」和「輻射影響」與日本的歷史創傷深刻相關，並影響了三宅一生後來創造「賦予生命」而非「破壞性」設計的哲學。
EN： The phrasal verb 'die from' is used to indicate the cause of death, typically referring to external factors, injuries, or specific diseases like radiation sickness.
中文： 動詞短語「die from」用於表示死因，通常指外部因素、受傷或特定的疾病（如放射病）。
Many people died from the flu during the cold winter.
許多人在寒冷的冬天死於流感。
EN： Sentence Adverbs: Words like 'Tragically' function as sentence adverbs, which modify the entire clause to express the speaker's attitude or evaluation of the event.
中文： 句子副詞：像「Tragically」這樣的詞作為句子副詞，修飾整個子句，用以表達說話者對該事件的態度或評價。
Fortunately, no one was injured in the accident.
幸運地，沒有人在這起事故中受傷。
EN： Radiation sickness refers to the acute health effects caused by exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation, a central theme in the post-war history of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors (Hibakusha).
中文： 「放射病」是指暴露於大量電離輻射後產生的急性健康影響。這是廣島與長崎原子彈倖存者（被爆者）戰後歷史中的一個核心主題。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to express contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), rather than a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介系詞 'Despite' 用於表達對比（儘管）。它後面必須接名詞、名詞短語或動名詞（V-ing），而不能接包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike.
儘管下著大雨，他們還是決定去健行。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and the bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without 'to'). It means to allow or permit something to happen.
中文： 使役動詞 'let' 後面接受詞和原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）。它的意思是允許或讓某事發生。
Please let me know if you need any help.
如果你需要任何幫助，請讓我知道。
EN： The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in Japanese history. For many survivors (known as 'hibakusha'), the trauma was a lifelong burden. Issey Miyake's choice to focus on 'creation' rather than 'destruction' reflects a common post-war Japanese theme of resilience and looking toward the future.
中文： 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸是日本歷史上的關鍵事件。對於許多倖存者（被稱為「被爆者」）來說，這份創傷是終身的負擔。三宅一生選擇專注於「創造」而非「破壞」，反映了戰後日本常見的韌性與展望未來的精神。
EN： The phrase 'Instead of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that something is being replaced by something else. It is followed by a gerund (V-ing) or a noun. 'Dwell on' is a phrasal verb meaning to spend a lot of time thinking or talking about something unpleasant.
中文： 短語 'Instead of' 是一個介係詞短語，用於表示某事被另一件事取代。其後接動名詞 (V-ing) 或名詞。'Dwell on' 是一個片語動詞，意為花費大量時間思考或談論令人不快的事情（沉溺於）。
Instead of complaining about the weather, we decided to have a picnic indoors.
我們決定在室內野餐，而不是抱怨天氣。
EN： The phrase 'look towards' means to think about or plan for something in the future. Combined with 'with optimism' (a prepositional phrase acting as an adverb), it describes the manner in which the subject views the future.
中文： 'Look towards' 意為思考或規劃未來。結合 'with optimism'（作為副詞功能的介係詞短語），它描述了主體看待未來的態度或方式（樂觀地）。
The company is looking towards the next decade with confidence.
公司正充滿信心地下一個十年展望。
EN： Issey Miyake's resilience is a common theme in Japanese post-war narratives. Despite the trauma of Hiroshima, many survivors (Hibakusha) and their descendants focused on rebuilding and innovation, contributing to Japan's rapid modernization and global cultural influence.
中文： 三宅一生的韌性是日本戰後敘事中的常見主題。儘管經歷了廣島核爆的創傷，許多倖存者（被爆者）及其後代仍致力於重建與創新，這促成了日本的快速現代化及其在全球文化影響力的提升。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): Used here as a 'result' or 'simultaneous action' to provide more information about the main clause. It shows that the development of skills happened as a direct result of his studies.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (V-ing)：此處用作「結果」或「同時發生的動作」，為主要子句提供更多資訊。這表示技能的培養是他學習後的直接結果。
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
她在圖書館待了好幾個小時，為期末考試做準備。
EN： Prepositional Phrases for Location: The sentence uses 'at' for a specific institution (Tama Art University) and 'in' for a larger geographical area (Tokyo).
中文： 表示地點的介系詞短語：句子中使用 'at' 指向特定的機構（多摩美術大學），使用 'in' 指向較大的地理區域（東京）。
He works at a tech company in Silicon Valley.
他在矽谷的一家科技公司工作。
EN： Tama Art University (Tamabi) is one of the most prestigious art schools in Japan. Many world-renowned designers and artists, including Issey Miyake, have graduated from here, making it a central hub for Japanese modern design history.
中文： 多摩美術大學（簡稱多摩美）是日本最頂尖的藝術院校之一。包括三宅一生在內的許多世界知名設計師和藝術家都畢業於此，使其成為日本現代設計史的核心樞紐。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Participle Phrase' (seeing...) as a secondary clause to describe an action happening simultaneously with the main verb, or to provide additional information about the subject.
中文： 本句使用了「分詞片語」(seeing...) 作為附屬子句，用來描述與主句動詞同時發生的動作，或針對主詞提供額外補充說明。
She walked out of the room, feeling much better.
她走出房間，感覺好多了。
EN： The phrase 'beyond mere' is used to emphasize that something has a much greater value or significance than a simple or basic level.
中文： 短語 'beyond mere' 用於強調某事物的價值或重要性遠遠超過了單純或基本的層面。
The project was a success beyond mere profit.
這個專案的成功不僅僅在於利潤。
EN： Issey Miyake is known for bridging the gap between Western high fashion and Japanese functional design. The phrase 'beyond mere luxury' reflects his philosophy that clothing should be practical and artistic for everyone, not just an expensive status symbol.
中文： 三宅一生以彌合西方高級時裝與日本功能性設計之間的鴻溝而聞名。「超越單純的奢侈」這句話反映了他的哲學：服裝應該是實用且具藝術性的，適合每個人，而不僅僅是昂貴的身分象徵。
EN： The 'not A, but B' structure is a correlative conjunction used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the second part (B) is the correct or intended one instead of the first part (A).
中文： 「not A, but B」結構是一種對等連接詞，用於對比兩個概念，強調第二部分 (B) 才是正確或預期的，而非第一部分 (A)。
Success is not about luck, but about hard work.
成功不在於運氣，而是在於努力。
EN： The past participle 'accessible' functions as an adjective here, followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate who can reach or use something.
中文： 形容詞「accessible」在此處修飾前面的名詞，後接介系詞「to」用來表示誰可以接觸或使用某物。
The library is accessible to all students.
這間圖書館對所有學生開放。
EN： Issey Miyake was known for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept, which aimed to democratize fashion by using technology to create affordable, mass-produced yet artistic clothing. This sentence reflects his philosophy of breaking down the barriers of high fashion.
中文： 三宅一生以其「A-POC」(A Piece of Cloth) 概念聞名，旨在透過技術創造出價格合理、可量產且具藝術感的服裝，使時尚民主化。這句話反映了他打破高級時裝門檻的哲學。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' as the direct object of the verb 'believed'. The conjunction 'that' is omitted (He believed [that] clothing could...). This is common in informal and semi-formal English when the meaning remains clear.
中文： 本句使用了「名詞子句」作為動詞 believed 的受詞。連接詞 that 在此被省略（He believed [that] clothing could...），這在非正式或半正式英語中非常常見，只要語意清晰即可省略。
She believed hard work would eventually pay off.
她相信努力最終會得到回報。
EN： The phrase 'all walks of life' is an idiomatic expression referring to people from various social backgrounds, occupations, or economic statuses.
中文： 片語「all walks of life」是一個慣用語，指來自不同社會背景、職業或經濟地位的人，通常翻譯為「各行各業」或「社會各階層」。
The festival attracts people from all walks of life.
這場祭典吸引了來自各行各業的人們。
EN： Issey Miyake was known for his 'Pleats Please' line and the concept of 'A Piece of Cloth,' which aimed to make high-end design practical and universal. This sentence reflects his democratic philosophy of fashion, contrasting with the traditional exclusivity of European haute couture.
中文： 三宅一生以其「Pleats Please」（三宅褶皺）系列和「A Piece of Cloth」（一塊布）的概念聞名，旨在讓高端設計變得實用且普及。這句話反映了他對時尚的平民化哲學，與傳統歐洲高級訂製服的排他性形成鮮明對比。
EN： Past Participle Phrase as a Modifier: The sentence begins with 'Driven by...', which is a past participle phrase acting as an adjective to describe the subject (Issey Miyake). It indicates a cause or state.
中文： 過去分詞短語作為修飾語：句子以「Driven by...」開頭，這是一個過去分詞短語，充當形容詞來描述主詞（三宅一生）。它表示一種原因或狀態。
Inspired by the movie, she decided to become a director.
受到這部電影的啟發，她決定成為一名導演。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to pursue his dreams' uses the 'to + verb' (infinitive) structure to explain the reason or goal behind the main action (moving to Paris).
中文： 不定詞表示目的：短語「to pursue his dreams」使用「to + 動詞」（不定詞）結構，用來解釋主句動作（移居巴黎）背後的原因或目標。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存錢是為了買一輛新車。
EN： Paris has long been considered the global capital of fashion. For an aspiring designer in the mid-20th century, moving to Paris was a essential step to master 'haute couture' (high fashion) and gain international recognition.
中文： 巴黎長期以來被視為全球時尚之都。對於 20 世紀中葉有抱負的設計師來說，移居巴黎是掌握「高級訂製服」(haute couture) 並獲得國際認可的必經之路。
EN： The preposition 'as' is used here to indicate a role, function, or profession. It is followed by a noun phrase describing the capacity in which someone acts.
中文： 介係詞「as」在此用於表示身分、職能或職業。其後接名詞短語，描述某人以何種身分進行活動。
She worked as a volunteer at the local hospital.
她在當地醫院擔任志工。
EN： The preposition 'like' is used to introduce examples. It functions similarly to 'such as' to list specific instances of a general category (in this case, legendary designers).
中文： 介係詞「like」用於舉例。其功能類似於「such as」，用來列舉出某一類別（在此指傳奇設計師）中的具體實例。
He enjoys outdoor sports like hiking and cycling.
他喜歡健行和騎自行車等戶外運動。
EN： Givenchy and Guy Laroche are iconic French fashion houses. In the mid-20th century, Paris was the undisputed center of 'Haute Couture' (high fashion), and for a Japanese designer like Miyake, apprenticing there was essential for mastering traditional garment construction before innovating his own style.
中文： 紀梵希 (Givenchy) 和姬龍雪 (Guy Laroche) 是法國標誌性的時尚品牌。在 20 世紀中葉，巴黎是無庸置疑的「高級訂製服」(Haute Couture) 中心。對於像三宅一生這樣的日本設計師來說，在那裡擔任學徒是他在開創個人風格之前，掌握傳統服裝結構技術的必經之路。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a result or a simultaneous action. 'Mastering' functions as a reduced relative clause or a participial phrase that describes the outcome or an accompanying action of the main verb 'learned'.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (V-ing) 在此處用作結果或伴隨動作。「Mastering」作為分詞短語，描述了主句動詞「learned」的結果或同時發生的狀態，使句子結構更簡潔。
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
她在圖書館待了好幾個小時，為期末考試做準備。
EN： The Past Simple Tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. In this sentence, 'learned' indicates a specific educational period in Issey Miyake's life that has already concluded.
中文： 過去簡單式用於描述過去已完成的動作。在此句中，「learned」表示三宅一生生命中一段已經結束的特定學習時期。
He moved to London in 2010 and started his own business.
他在 2010 年搬到倫敦並開始了自己的事業。
EN： 'Haute couture' is a French term meaning 'high sewing' or 'high fashion.' It refers to the creation of exclusive, custom-fitted clothing, constructed by hand from start to finish. In the fashion world, mastering these techniques in Paris is considered the pinnacle of professional training.
中文： 「Haute couture」是一個法語詞彙，意為「高級縫製」或「高級訂製服」。它指的是從頭到尾手工製作、專為客戶量身打造的專屬服裝。在時尚界，在巴黎掌握這些技術被視為專業訓練的最高殿堂。
EN： The sentence uses a Noun Clause starting with 'that' as the direct object of the verb 'felt'. A noun clause functions as a noun and contains its own subject and verb.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引導的名詞子句，作為動詞 'felt' 的受詞。名詞子句的功能等同於名詞，且包含其完整的主詞與動詞。
She felt that the project needed more time.
她覺得這個企劃需要更多時間。
EN： The Past Continuous Tense ('was missing') is used here to describe a state or ongoing feeling within a past context, emphasizing the nature of the situation at that time.
中文： 過去進行式 ('was missing') 在此用於描述過去背景下的某種狀態或持續的感受，強調當時情況的本質。
I realized a page was missing from the book.
我發現這本書少了一頁。
EN： 'High fashion' (haute couture) traditionally refers to custom-fitted, high-end fashion design that is often expensive and exclusive. Issey Miyake's realization reflects his later move toward 'pleats' and functional art that challenged these traditional, often rigid, European standards.
中文： 「高級時尚」(High fashion/Haute couture) 傳統上指量身訂製的高端時裝設計，通常價格昂貴且具排他性。三宅一生的這種感受反映了他後來轉向「皺褶」設計與功能性藝術的動機，挑戰了當時傳統且往往僵化的歐洲標準。
EN： The past participle phrase 'focused on...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'clothes'. It describes the state or characteristic of the clothes.
中文： 過去分詞片語「focused on...」在此作為形容詞使用，修飾名詞「clothes」（衣服），用來描述這些服裝的特性或重點。
The company launched a project focused on renewable energy.
這間公司啟動了一個專注於再生能源的專案。
EN： The structure 'not just A' is used to contrast a primary focus with a secondary or limited one, often implying that the first part is more important or comprehensive.
中文： 「not just A」結構用於將主要焦點與次要或受限的觀點進行對比，通常暗示前半部分（本句中為動作與自由）比後半部分（靜態形狀）更為重要或全面。
Success is about hard work, not just luck.
成功關乎努力，而不僅僅是運氣。
EN： Issey Miyake was famous for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept and his pleats, which revolutionized fashion by prioritizing how fabric moves with the human body, contrasting with the structured, rigid tailoring of traditional Western haute couture.
中文： 三宅一生以其「A-POC」（一塊布）的概念和皺褶設計聞名，這顛覆了時尚界。他優先考慮布料如何隨人體擺動，這與傳統西方高級訂製服中結構化、僵硬的剪裁形成鮮明對比。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 大面積的破壞與毀滅
在本文中： 暴露於（有害物質或環境）中
在本文中： 心理創傷或痛苦的經歷
在本文中： 樂觀主義；對未來抱持正面看法
在本文中： 潛力；發展的可能性
在本文中： 易於得到的；大眾化的
在本文中： 賦予力量；使更有自主權
在本文中： 學徒；見習生
在本文中： 複雜精細的
在本文中： 靜止的；不變動的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To think or speak about something for a long time, especially something unpleasant.
老是想著；糾結於
People from various backgrounds, social classes, or professions.
各行各業；社會各階層
A possession that is taken to indicate a person's high social or professional status.
地位象徵
Expensive, trendy, and artistic clothing produced by leading fashion houses.
高級時裝
The art or profession of visual communication that combines images, words, and ideas to convey information.
平面設計
A form or appearance that is fixed, showing no movement or change.
靜態形狀