EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to indicate that someone causes someone else to do something. When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to give someone the responsibility or instruction to do an action.
中文： 使役動詞「have」用於表示某人促使他人去做某事。當後面接賓語（受詞）和原型不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞）時，表示給予某人責任或指示去執行該動作。
The manager had the team complete the report by Friday.
經理叫團隊在週五前完成報告。
EN： Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves, etc.) can be used for emphasis, meaning 'without help' or 'personally'. In this sentence, 'ourselves' emphasizes that the students did the programming on their own.
中文： 反身代名詞（如 myself, ourselves 等）可用於加強語氣，表示「獨立完成」或「親自」。在本句中，「ourselves」強調學生們是自己親自編寫程式的。
EN： In modern STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, hands-on learning is highly emphasized. Teachers often act as facilitators, encouraging students to 'program... ourselves' to build problem-solving skills and confidence.
中文： 在現代 STEM（科學、技術、工程和數學）教育中，非常強調動手實作。教師通常扮演引導者的角色，鼓勵學生「自己編寫程式」，以培養解決問題的能力和自信心。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express the idea of persuading, convincing, or tricking someone into doing something. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a full infinitive (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
中文： 使役動詞「get」用於表達說服、勸說或安排某人去做某事。與「have」或「make」不同，當「get」後面接主動的主詞時，必須使用不定詞（to + 動詞原型）。
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
她說服了她的弟弟幫她做功課。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'got' is the past tense of 'get', indicating the action of persuading happened in the past.
中文： 簡單過去式用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作。在本句中，「got」是「get」的過去式，表示說服的動作發生在過去。
They tested the new software yesterday.
他們昨天測試了新的軟體。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when something is done to an object by someone else. In this sentence, 'had the broken part replaced' means they arranged for a technician or someone else to replace the part.
中文： 使役動詞結構「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V-3)」用於表示「安排他人為自己做某事」或「某物被他人處理」。在本句中，「had the broken part replaced」表示他們安排技術人員或其他人來更換該零件，而非自己動手。
I had my car repaired yesterday.
我昨天請人把我的車修好了。
EN： The past participle 'broken' (from the verb 'break') is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'part' to describe its state of being damaged or fractured.
中文： 過去分詞「broken」（源自動詞 break）在此處作形容詞使用，修飾名詞「part」，用以形容該零件處於「損壞、破裂」的狀態。
Please throw away that broken glass.
請把那個碎玻璃丟掉。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 動詞「watch」（觀看）屬於感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）和原型動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）時，強調主詞完整地目睹了該動作從開始到結束的全過程。
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我們看著飛機安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns starting with a consonant sound. Although '3D' starts with a number, it is pronounced as 'three-D' /θriː diː/, which begins with the consonant sound /θ/, thus requiring 'a' instead of 'an'.
中文： 不定冠詞「a」用於以子音開頭的單數可數名詞前。雖然「3D」以數字開頭，但其發音為「three-D」/θriː diː/，是以子音 /θ/ 開頭，因此需要使用「a」而非「an」。
She bought a 3D puzzle yesterday.
她昨天買了一個 3D 拼圖。
EN： The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or requires someone else to do something. In this structure (make + object + base verb), the bare infinitive (verb without 'to') is used as the object complement.
中文： 使役動詞「make」用於表示強迫或要求某人做某事。在「make + 受詞 + 原形動詞」的結構中，受詞補語必須使用不帶 to 的原形動詞。
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
老師要求我們重寫這篇作文。
EN： The word 'twice' is an adverb of frequency meaning 'two times'. It is typically placed at the end of the clause to modify the verb phrase.
中文： 「twice」是一個頻率副詞，意思是「兩次」。它通常放在子句的末尾，用來修飾動詞片語。
I checked the calculations twice to be absolutely sure.
我把計算結果檢查了兩次以確保萬無一失。
EN： In technology and engineering education (such as robotics clubs or coding bootcamps), a 'mentor' plays a crucial role. Unlike a traditional classroom teacher, a mentor guides students through hands-on projects, encouraging independent problem-solving while maintaining high standards, such as double-checking code for errors.
中文： 在科技與工程教育（如機器人社團或程式設計訓練營）中，「mentor」（導師）扮演著關鍵角色。與傳統課堂教師不同，導師主要引導學生進行動手實作的專案，鼓勵獨立解決問題，同時維持嚴格的標準，例如要求反覆檢查程式碼以確保無誤。
EN： The causative verb 'have' can be used in the passive structure: 'have + object + past participle (V3)'. This pattern is used when you arrange for something to be done by someone else, or to describe an action that happens to an object, emphasizing the result rather than who performs the action.
中文： 使役動詞「have」可用於被動結構：「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。此句型用於表達「安排他人完成某事」或「描述某物所經歷的動作」，強調動作的結果而非執行者本身。
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
我們很快地把損壞的零件換掉了。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
中文： 介係詞「by」在被動結構中用來引出施動者（即執行該動作的人或物）。
The program was written by Emma.
這個程式是由艾瑪編寫的。
EN： Verbs of perception (such as 'hear', 'see', 'watch', 'feel') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject perceived the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官動詞（如 'hear'、'see'、'watch'、'feel'）後面可以接受詞和原形動詞（不帶 to 的動詞），用來表示主詞完整地經歷或看見/聽見了該動作從頭到尾的過程。
I saw the bird fly away.
我看到那隻鳥飛走了。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with a roar' functions as an adverbial modifier of manner, describing how the engine started. 'With + noun' is a common pattern used to describe the manner or accompaniment of an action.
中文： 介係詞片語 'with a roar' 作為地方或狀態的修飾語（副詞片語），描述引擎是如何發動的。「With + 名詞」是描述動作進行方式或伴隨狀態的常用句型。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when you experience something done to your property. Here, 'have this circuit fixed' means the speaker will get someone else to repair the circuit.
中文： 使役動詞結構「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」用於表達「安排他人為自己做某事」或「使某物受到某種處理」。在此處，「have this circuit fixed」表示說話者將安排他人來修理這個電路，而非親自修理。
I need to have my car washed this afternoon.
我今天下午需要請人幫我洗車。
EN： The imperative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). 'Let me have...' is a polite way to offer to do something or to ask for permission to do something first.
中文： 祈使動詞「let」（讓）後面接「受詞 + 原形動詞」（不帶 to 的動詞）。「Let me have...」是一種禮貌表達自己想先做某事或請求允許先做某事的方式。
Let me check the schedule before we decide.
在我們決定之前，讓我先確認一下日程表。
EN： The verb 'saw' (past tense of 'see') is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 動詞「saw」（「see」的過去式）是感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）時，可以使用原型動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞），用來表示主詞完整目睹了該動作從頭到尾的過程。
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
我們看到飛機安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'into the air' uses 'into' to express movement or direction toward the inside of something or a change of position, showing where the drone went.
中文： 介系詞片語「into the air」使用「into」來表示朝向某物內部或位置改變的移動與方向，在此處指出無人機飛往何處。
The balloon floated up into the sky.
氣球向上飄入天空中。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express causing or persuading someone or something to do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a full infinitive ('to' + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
中文： 使役動詞「get」用於表示說服或使某人、某物去做某個動作。與「have」或「make」後面接原形動詞不同，「get」在接主動受詞時，必須使用不定詞（to + 動詞），其結構為「get + 受詞 + to + 動詞」。
I got my brother to help me with the homework.
我叫我弟弟幫我做功課。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'without errors' functions as an adverbial modifier, indicating the manner in which the program ran. 'Without' is a preposition meaning 'not having' or 'free from', and is followed by a noun or gerund.
中文： 介系詞片語「without errors」作為副詞修飾語，表示程式執行的狀態。「without」是介系詞，意思是「沒有」或「免於」，後面接名詞或動名詞。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of causing someone to do something. When followed by an agent (someone) and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to assign, instruct, or ask someone to perform an action.
中文： 使役動詞「have」用於表達讓某人做某事。當後面接主動執行者（某人）和原型不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞）時，表示指派、指示或要求某人執行某個動作。
The manager had the team submit the report by Friday.
經理要求團隊在週五前提交報告。
EN： The bare infinitive (the base form of a verb without 'to') is used after causative verbs like 'have', 'make', and 'let' in active voice constructions.
中文： 原型不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞原型）在主動語態中，用於「have」、「make」和「let」等使役動詞之後。
She made him clean his room.
她強迫他打掃他的房間。
EN： In professional and academic settings, having an external expert review one's work is a standard quality assurance practice. Using the causative 'had' implies a professional arrangement or a structured process rather than a casual favor.
中文： 在專業和學術領域中，請外部專家審查工作是一項標準的品質保證流程。使用使役動詞「had」暗示了一種專業的安排或結構化的流程，而非非正式的幫忙。
EN： Sensory verbs (verbs of perception) like 'feel', 'see', or 'hear' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to emphasize that the entire action was completed or witnessed from start to finish.
中文： 感官動詞（如 feel、see、hear）後面可以接受詞和原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞），用以強調完整經歷或目睹了該動作從頭到尾的過程。
I heard the bell ring.
我聽見鈴聲響了。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often implying a close connection or simultaneous development, similar to 'while' or 'when'.
中文： 從屬連接詞「as」用於連接兩個同時發生的動作，通常暗示兩者有密切關聯或同步發展，意思相當於「當……時」或「一邊……一邊」。
She sang as she walked.
她邊走邊唱。
EN： The causative verb 'have' (used here in the past tense 'had') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') to express causing, arranging, or asking someone to do something.
中文： 使役動詞「have」（在此處為過去式「had」）後面接賓語（受詞）和原形不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞原形），用來表示安排、要求或讓某人做某事。
The teacher had the students write a short essay in class.
老師讓學生們在課堂上寫一篇短文。
EN： The word 'last' is used with time expressions (like 'last week', 'last year') to indicate a specific past time. When these expressions function as adverbials of time, they do not require a preposition (e.g., do not say 'in last week').
中文： 單字「last」與時間詞（如「last week」上週、「last year」去年）連用以表示特定的過去時間。當這些表達方式作為時間副詞修飾語時，前面不需要加介系詞（例如：不能說「in last week」）。
Last month we visited a high-tech factory in Taipei.
上個月我們參觀了台北的一家高科技工廠。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of giving someone the responsibility to do something. The structure is 'have + person + base verb (bare infinitive)'. Unlike 'make', which implies force, 'have' usually implies a request, instruction, or delegation of a task.
中文： 使役動詞「have」用於表示讓某人負責做某事。其結構為「have + 人 + 原形動詞」。與隱含強迫意味的「make」不同，「have」通常表示請求、指示或委派任務。
The teacher had the students clean the classroom after school.
老師讓學生們放學後打掃教室。
EN： An indirect question functions as a noun clause (object of the verb). It is introduced by a question word (like 'how', 'what', 'why') but follows the word order of a regular statement (subject + verb), rather than a question form.
中文： 間接問句在此作為名詞子句，擔任動詞的受詞。它由疑問詞（如「how」、「what」、「why」）引導，但必須使用陳述句的語序（主詞 + 動詞），而非疑問句的倒裝語序。
I don't know how the machine works.
我不知道這台機器是如何運作的。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to indicate persuading, tricking, or successfully managing to make someone or something do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
中文： 使役動詞「get」用於表示說服、誘使或成功設法讓某人或某物執行某個動作。與「have」或「make」不同，當「get」後面接主動受詞時，必須搭配「不定詞」（to + 動詞原形），結構為「get + 受詞 + to-V」。
I finally got the computer to work after restarting it.
重新開機後，我終於讓電腦可以正常運作了。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to express a specific rate, speed, or temperature (e.g., 'at 60 mph', 'at 100 degrees Celsius').
中文： 介係詞「at」用於表示特定的比率、速度或溫度（例如：「以每小時 60 英里的速度」、「在攝氏 100 度」）。
The car was traveling at a very high speed.
那輛車當時正以極高的速度行駛。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something to an object, or that something is done to it. In this case, 'had the loose wires fixed' means they got someone to fix the wires.
中文： 使役動詞「have」可用於「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」的結構中，用來表示「安排、請別人為自己做某事」，或是「某物被如何處理」。在此句中，「had the loose wires fixed」表示他們安排或請人把鬆脫的電線修好。
We had the broken screen replaced at the shop.
我們在店裡把損壞的螢幕換掉了（請店員更換）。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('before the demo started') to show that one event happened prior to another. Both clauses use the simple past tense ('had' and 'started') to describe completed actions in the past.
中文： 連接詞「before」引導時間副詞子句（before the demo started），用來表示一個動作發生在另一個動作之前。主要子句與副詞子句皆使用過去簡單式（had 與 started），用以描述過去已完成的事件。
She saved the file before the computer crashed.
在電腦當機之前，她把檔案儲存了。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 動詞「watch」為感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）和原型動詞（不帶 to 的動詞）時，強調主詞完整地目睹了該動作從開始到結束的全過程。
I watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我親眼看著飛機安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The phrase 'step by step' is an adverbial phrase meaning gradually, progressively, or doing one stage at a time in a sequence.
中文： 片語「step by step」是一個副詞片語，意思是「一步一步地」、「循序漸進地」或「按部就班地」進行某個過程。
She explained the installation process step by step.
她一步一步地解釋了安裝過程。
EN： The causative verb 'make' (used here in the past tense 'made') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It expresses that someone is forced or strongly required to do something.
中文： 使役動詞「make」（在此處為過去式「made」）後面接賓語（受詞）和原形不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞）。它表示某人被強迫或被嚴格要求去做某事。
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
老師要求我們重寫這篇作文。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'one at a time' is used to describe doing things individually and sequentially, rather than all at once.
中文： 副詞片語「one at a time」用於描述逐一、按順序地做事情，而不是一次全部一起做，意為「一次一個」或「逐一」。
Please enter the room one at a time.
請一次一人進入房間。
EN： Sensory Verbs (see, watch, hear, etc.) followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb root) indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官動詞（如 see, watch, hear 等）後面接賓語（受詞）和原型動詞，表示主詞完整目睹或聽到了該動作從頭到尾的過程。
We heard the engine start with a roar.
我們聽到引擎轟鳴著啟動了。
EN： The preposition 'without' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to describe an action that did not happen during the main activity.
中文： 介係詞 'without' 後面接動名詞（V-ing），用來描述在主句動作進行的過程中，某個伴隨的情況或動作並未發生（意為「沒有…地」）。
She got the program to run without making any errors.
她讓程式順利執行，沒有產生任何錯誤。
EN： Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch) followed by a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官動詞（如 hear, see, watch）後面接原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞），表示主詞完整目睹或聽到了該動作從頭到尾的發生過程。
We heard the music play in the distance.
我們聽到遠處傳來音樂聲。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'as' is used to introduce a clause describing an action that happens at the exact same time as another action (simultaneous events).
中文： 從屬連接詞「as」用於引導一個子句，描述與主句動作同時發生的另一個動作（同時發生的事件），常譯為「當……的時候」。
She smiled as she opened the gift.
她打開禮物時露出了微笑。
EN： The causative verb 'have' followed by an object and a past participle (have + object + V-ed) is used to describe causing something to be done by someone else, or experiencing something done to an object. Here, 'had the data checked' means she arranged for the data to be verified by someone or a system.
中文： 使役動詞「have」後面接賓語和過去分詞（have + 受詞 + 過去分詞）的結構，用於表示「使某事被他人完成」或「讓某物經歷某種動作」。在此句中，「had the data checked」表示她安排他人或系統來核對數據，而非自己親自核對。
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
我們很快就請人把損壞的零件更換了。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'to make sure' is used to express purpose, meaning 'in order to ensure' or 'to confirm'. It is typically followed by a noun clause (that-clause) where 'that' can be omitted.
中文： 不定詞片語「to make sure」用來表示目的，意思是「為了確保」或「以確認」。其後通常引導一個名詞子句（that 子句），其中連接詞「that」常被省略。
Please double-check the code to make sure it runs without errors.
請雙重檢查程式碼，以確保其運行時沒有錯誤。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase ('Letting us try ourselves') acts as the singular subject of the sentence. The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object ('us') and a bare infinitive ('try').
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞片語「Letting us try ourselves」作為整個句子的單數主詞。其中「let」為使役動詞，後接受格「us」與原形動詞「try」。
Giving them a second chance made a huge difference.
給他們第二次機會帶來了巨大的改變。
EN： Causative Verb 'Make' + Object + Bare Infinitive: The verb 'made' (past tense of make) is used to express causation, followed by the object 'the lesson' and the bare infinitive 'stick' (meaning to remain or be remembered).
中文： 使役動詞「make」+ 受格 + 原形動詞：動詞「made」（make 的過去式）用於表示因果關係，後接受格「the lesson」與原形動詞「stick」（意為留下深刻印象、被記住）。
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
老師讓學生們重寫他們的作文。
EN： The idiom 'make something stick' means to make a concept, rule, or lesson permanently remembered or accepted. In educational contexts, it refers to active learning where hands-on experience ensures the knowledge is retained long-term.
中文： 片語「make something stick」字面意思是「讓某事黏住」，引申為使觀念、規則或教訓被永久記住或接受。在教育語境中，這指的是藉由親自動手實作的「主動學習」，以確保知識能長期內化。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') to emphasize the entire action from start to finish, or a present participle (-ing) to emphasize an action in progress. In this sentence, 'race' is a bare infinitive showing the sudden onset of the feeling.
中文： 動詞「feel」（感覺）屬於感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）時，可以使用原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）來強調完整動作的發生，或使用現在分詞（-ing）來強調正在進行的動作。在本句中，「race」為原形動詞，用以強調心跳加速這一完整過程的發生。
I felt the ground shake during the earthquake.
在地震期間，我感覺到地面搖晃。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'at the same time that' or 'while'. It connects two events that happen simultaneously, often implying a cause-and-effect relationship or a vivid description of a moment.
中文： 連接詞「as」在此處表示「當…的時候」或「與此同時」。它連接兩個同時發生的事件，通常隱含因果關係或用於生動描述某個瞬間。
She smiled as she opened the present.
她打開禮物時露出了微笑。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase (a verb ending in -ing acting as a noun phrase) can function as the subject of a sentence. Here, 'Having an expert guide us' is the subject of the main verb 'made'.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞片語（以 -ing 結尾且具有名詞功能的動詞片語）可以作為句子的主詞。在此句中，「Having an expert guide us」是主要動詞「made」的主詞。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
學習一門新語言會開啟許多機會。
EN： Causative Verb 'Have' and 'Make': 'Have' can be used as a causative verb followed by an object and a bare infinitive (base form of the verb) to mean causing someone to do something (e.g., 'have an expert guide us'). 'Make' is also a causative verb followed by an object and an adjective to describe causing a state change (e.g., 'made everything clearer').
中文： 使役動詞 'Have' 與 'Make' 的用法：'Have' 作為使役動詞時，後接受詞和原形動詞，表示讓某人做某事（例如：'have an expert guide us'）。'Make' 也是使役動詞，後接受詞和形容詞，用來描述使某種狀態發生改變（例如：'made everything clearer'）。
She had her assistant schedule the meeting, which made the process smoother.
她讓她的助理安排會議，這讓整個流程更加順暢。
EN： The causative structure 'get + object + present participle (V-ing)' is used to describe causing something to start functioning or performing an action. It emphasizes the process of making something start.
中文： 使役動詞結構「get + 受詞 + 現在分詞 (V-ing)」用於描述使某物開始運作或執行某動作。它強調讓某事開始進行的過程。
She got the engine running after a few minutes.
幾分鐘後，她讓引擎運轉了起來。
EN： The name of the person being addressed (vocative case) is placed at the end of the sentence, preceded by a comma. This is common in spoken English to direct the question to a specific person.
中文： 稱呼語（呼格）放在句尾時，前面必須加上逗號。這在英語口語中很常見，用來將問題指向特定的人（在此指「艾瑪」）。
Are you ready to go, John?
你準備好要出發了嗎，約翰？
EN： The causative verb 'have' can be used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or to describe something that happens to an object. The past participle is used because the relationship between the object and the action is passive (the code is fixed by someone).
中文： 使役動詞「have」可用於「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp)」的結構中，用來表示「安排、請別人為自己做某事」，或是描述某物所處的被動狀態。此處使用過去分詞，是因為受詞與動作之間為被動關係（程式碼是被修復的）。
I had my car washed yesterday.
我昨天請人幫我洗了車。
EN： The demonstrative determiner 'this' combined with a time noun like 'morning' (this morning) functions as an adverbial phrase of time, referring to the morning of the current day. In past tense sentences, it indicates a completed action earlier today.
中文： 指示限定詞「this」與時間名詞「morning」結合（this morning，意為「今天早上」），在此句中作為時間副詞片語。在過去式句子中，它指的是今天早些時候已經完成的動作。
She finished the report this morning.
她今天早上完成了這份報告。
EN： The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or strongly requires someone else to do something. It is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').
中文： 使役動詞「make」用於表達某人強迫或強烈要求他人做某事。其後接賓語（受詞）和原形不定詞（即不帶 to 的動詞）。
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
老師要求學生們重寫他們的作文。
EN： The determiner 'every' is used before a singular countable noun to refer to all members of a group of three or more, emphasizing each individual member.
中文： 限定詞「every」用於單數可數名詞之前，指代三個或更多成員組成的群體中的所有人或事物，強調其中的每一個個體。
The engineer checked every connection before turning on the power.
工程師在開啟電源前檢查了每一個連接處。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 動詞「watch」（觀看）屬於感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）和原型動詞（不帶 to 的動詞）時，強調主詞完整地目睹了該動作從開始到結束的全過程。
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我們看著飛機安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns that start with a consonant sound ('tiny') to refer to a non-specific single item.
中文： 不定冠詞「a」用於以子音開頭的單數可數名詞（如「tiny」）之前，用來指代某個非特定的單一事物。
She bought a new computer yesterday.
她昨天買了一台新電腦。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used in the passive structure 'have + object + past participle (V-ed)' to describe getting something done by someone else. The object ('the design') receives the action of the past participle ('reviewed').
中文： 使役動詞「have」可用於被動結構「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」，用來表示「安排、請他人來完成某事」。在此句型中，受詞（the design）與其後的動作（reviewed）為被動關係。
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
我昨天請人修理了我的電腦。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
中文： 介係詞「by」在被動結構中用來引介「動作的執行者」（即實際執行該動作的人或物）。
The book was written by a famous novelist.
這本書是由一位著名的小說家所寫的。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express persuading, convincing, or tricking someone to do something. Unlike other causative verbs like 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
中文： 使役動詞「get」用於表達說服、說動或安排某人去做某事。與其他使役動詞（如 have 或 make 後面接不帶 to 的原型動詞）不同，「get」在接主動對象時，後面必須接「to + 動詞原型」（不定詞）。
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
她說服了她弟弟幫她做功課。
EN： The noun 'partner' refers to a person who takes part in an undertaking with another, often in a business, academic, or team context. In school or lab settings, it specifically refers to a classmate with whom one is paired for an activity.
中文： 名詞「partner」（夥伴）指與他人共同參與某項任務的人，常用於商業、學術或團隊合作情境。在學校或實驗室環境中，它特指分組活動中與自己同組的搭檔或夥伴。
My lab partner and I finished the experiment early.
我的實驗室夥伴和我提早完成了實驗。
EN： Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch, etc.) can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the speaker perceived the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官動詞（如 hear、see、watch 等）後面可接受詞和原形動詞（不帶 to 的動詞），用以表示說話者完整經歷或看見/聽見了該動作的整個過程。
I saw the drone fly in a perfect circle.
我看到無人機繞著完美的圓圈飛行。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two events happening at the same time, often meaning 'while' or 'at the moment that'.
中文： 連接詞「as」用於連接兩個同時發生的事件，通常意為「當……的時候」或「正值……之際」。
The crowd gasped as the robot waved hello.
當機器人揮手打招呼時，群眾驚呼了起來。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' is used to express that you want or arrange for an action to be done to something by someone else, or to focus on the completion of an action on a specific object.
中文： 使役動詞結構「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp)」用於表示安排他人完成某事，或強調某個對象被施加某個動作的狀態（此處的感測器是被測試，故用被動態的 tested）。
I need to have my computer repaired as soon as possible.
我需要儘快把我的電腦送去修理。
EN： The imperative structure 'Let me + base verb' is a polite way to offer to do something, suggest an action, or ask for permission to perform a task.
中文： 祈使句結構「Let me + 原形動詞」是一種禮貌地主動提議做某事、提出建議或請求允許執行某項任務的表達方式。
Let me help you with those heavy boxes.
讓我來幫你搬那些重箱子吧。
EN： The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 動詞「see」（看見）屬於感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）和原型動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）時，表示主詞完整地目睹了該動作從開始到結束的全過程。
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
我們看見那架飛機安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'in a perfect circle' uses the preposition 'in' to describe the shape, path, or pattern of a movement.
中文： 介系詞片語「in a perfect circle」使用介系詞「in」來描述運動的形狀、路徑或模式，意為「以…的形狀」或「成…地」。
The children stood in a straight line.
孩子們排成一條直線站著。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：動名詞（動詞 + -ing）可以當作名詞使用，並在句子中擔任主詞。在文法上被視為單數名詞。
Having a good plan helps us save time.
有一個好的計劃能幫助我們節省時間。
EN： Causative Verb 'Make': The verb 'make' can be used in the pattern 'make + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause someone or something to become or be in a certain state'.
中文： 使役動詞 'Make' 的用法：動詞 'make' 可以用於「make + 受詞 + 形容詞」的句型，表示「使某人或某事處於某種狀態」。
The warm weather made the flowers bloom early.
溫暖的天氣讓花朵提早綻放。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 編寫程式，為（電腦、機器人等）設計程式
在本文中： 感測器，感應器
在本文中： 導師，指導者
在本文中： 電路，迴路
在本文中： 無人駕駛飛機，無人機
在本文中： 專家，行家
在本文中： 分析，解析
在本文中： 示範，演示（demonstration 的簡稱）
在本文中： 印在腦海中，記住，留下深刻印象
在本文中： 貼標籤於，標記
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Step-by-step; gradually and in a careful, orderly sequence.
一步一步地；循序漸進地
Individually; one by one.
一次一個；逐一
A three-dimensional representation of an object.
3D 模型；三維模型
To experience a very rapid heartbeat, typically due to excitement, anxiety, or fear.
心跳加速；心跳狂飆