EN： The verb 'wish' followed by a clause in the simple past tense ('had') is used to express a desire for a situation in the present to be different. It represents an unreal or hypothetical present situation (subjunctive mood).
中文： 動詞「wish」後面接過去簡單式子句（如「had」），用來表示對現在狀況與事實相反的願望或假設（虛擬語氣），表達「但願、要是……就好了」的意思。
I wish I knew the answer to this question.
我希望我知道這個問題的答案。
EN： The to-infinitive ('to read') is used as an adjective modifier to describe the noun 'time', indicating the purpose or the specific activity for which the time is used.
中文： 不定詞（to + 動詞原形，如「to read」）在此作為形容詞修飾名詞「time」（時間），用來表示該時間的用途或目的，即「用來閱讀的（時間）」。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. In formal English, 'were' is used for all subjects (including 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it') in the if-clause.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或極不可能發生的假設情況。結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，if 子句中的 be 動詞不論主詞為何（包括 I、he、she、it），一律使用「were」。
If I were you, I would take the job offer.
如果我是你，我就會接受那份工作機會。
EN： The phrasal verb 'speak up' means to speak louder so that people can hear you, or to express one's opinions frankly and publicly.
中文： 片語動詞「speak up」意為「大聲說話」（以便他人聽清）或「大膽表達意見、發言」。
Please speak up; we cannot hear you at the back.
請大聲一點，我們在後面聽不到。
EN： In Western classrooms, active participation and 'speaking up' are highly valued and often contribute to a student's final grade. However, many students still experience anxiety about speaking in front of peers, making this a very relatable sentiment.
中文： 在西方教育文化中，課堂上的積極參與和「大膽發言」（speaking up）受到高度重視，通常也會計入平時成績。然而，許多學生對於在同儕面前發言仍會感到焦慮，因此這句話表達了非常普遍且能引起共鳴的心聲。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used to express a desire for a situation that is different from the current reality. When wishing for a change in the present or future, we use the past simple tense (e.g., 'cared') in the subordinate clause. This is a type of subjunctive mood, showing that the situation is hypothetical or unlikely.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）用於表達與現狀相反或難以實現的願望。當我們對「現在」或「未來」的情況表示遺憾並希望有所改變時，從屬子句中須使用「過去簡單式」（例如本句中的 cared）。這是一種假設語氣（subjunctive mood），用來強調該情況與事實不符或發生的機率極低。
I wish I had a bigger apartment.
我希望我有一間大一點的公寓。（事實上現在的公寓不夠大）
EN： The phrase 'care about' is a phrasal verb meaning to feel that something is important and to worry about it. When followed by an object, 'about' functions as a preposition.
中文： 片語「care about」意為「關心、在乎」，表示認為某事很重要並對其表示關切。後面接名詞或代名詞作為介系詞「about」的受詞。
She really cares about her students' progress.
她真的很關心學生的進步。
EN： In modern English discourse, 'the planet' is commonly used as a synonym for 'the Earth' or 'the environment,' reflecting a widespread cultural awareness of environmental protection and global warming.
中文： 在現代英語口語與論述中，「the planet」（這顆行星）經常被用作「地球」或「自然環境」的代稱，這反映了當代社會對於環保、氣候變遷及地球永續發展的普遍文化關注。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to express hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'had' is in the past tense, but it refers to an imaginary present situation.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）用於表達在現在或未來不可能發生或極不可能發生的假設情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。請注意，這裡的 'had' 雖然是過去式，但指的是想像中的現在狀況。
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
如果我中樂透，我就會買一棟房子。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense modal ('could' + base verb) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is currently impossible or unlikely to happen.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望）後面接過去式助動詞（could + 原形動詞），用來表示對現在或未來不可能實現或極難實現的願望（與現在事實相反的願望）。
I wish I could fly like a bird.
我希望我能像鳥一樣飛翔。
EN： Adverbs of manner (like 'fluently') are used to describe how an action is performed. They typically modify verbs and are often placed after the object of the sentence.
中文： 情態副詞（如「fluently」流利地）用來修飾動詞，說明動作進行的方式。它們通常放在動詞及其受詞之後。
She plays the piano beautifully.
她鋼琴彈得很優美。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to describe imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）：用於描述在現在或未來想像、不太可能發生或不可能發生的情況。結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去簡單動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
如果我有更多錢，我就會買一輛新車。
EN： Adverbs of Manner: Words that describe how an action is performed. They are often formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective (e.g., 'easy' becomes 'easily'). In this sentence, 'easily' modifies the verb 'pass'.
中文： 情態副詞：用來描述動作如何進行的詞彙。通常是在形容詞後面加上「-ly」形成（例如「easy」變成「easily」）。在本句中，「easily」修飾動詞「pass」。
She speaks English fluently.
她英語說得很流利。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used to express a desire for a situation that is different from the current reality. When wishing about a present situation, we use the past simple tense (e.g., 'were' instead of 'are') to show that the situation is hypothetical or imaginary.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）用於表達與現狀相反或難以實現的願望。當表達對「現在狀況」的願望時，從屬子句的動詞須使用「過去式」（例如用「were」代替「are」），以表示這是一種假設或虛擬的情況。
I wish I had a bigger apartment.
我希望我有一間大一點的公寓。（但實際上沒有）
EN： In subjunctive mood (hypothetical situations), 'were' is traditionally used for all subjects, including singular nouns and pronouns like 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it', and 'the weekend'. While 'was' is common in informal spoken English, 'were' remains the standard in formal contexts.
中文： 在虛擬語氣（假設情況）中，不論主詞是單數還是複數（如 I, he, she, it 或單數名詞），傳統上動詞都會使用「were」。雖然在非正式口語中常會聽到「was」，但在正式文法中「were」仍是標準用法。
I wish it were Friday today.
但願今天已經是星期五了。
EN： Wishing for longer weekends is a universal sentiment in modern work and school culture, often associated with the 'TGIF' (Thank God It's Friday) mindset. It reflects the common struggle to balance work/study life with personal relaxation.
中文： 希望週末能更長是現代工作與學校文化中非常普遍的共鳴，這與「TGIF」（感謝天主，今天是星期五）的心態息息相關，反映了人們在工作/課業與個人休閒生活之間尋求平衡的普遍心聲。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used for all subjects (including I, he, she, it) in formal English.
中文： 第二類條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或純屬想像的情況。其結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，不論主詞是第幾人稱（包括 I, he, she, it），be 動詞一律使用 'were'。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就會接受那份工作錄取。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of an imaginary situation.
中文： 情態助動詞 'would' 在條件句中用於表示想像情況下所產生的假設性結果。
EN： In English-speaking countries, local government leaders like mayors often have a direct impact on community planning, including the creation of green spaces and public parks. Expressing what one would do 'if I were the mayor' is a common rhetorical way to discuss civic improvement.
中文： 在英語系國家中，市長等地方政府首長對社區規劃（包括綠地與公共公園的建設）具有直接的影響力。因此，使用「如果我是市長」來表達對市政建設或公民社會改善的期望，是一種非常常見的修辭表達方式。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen. Here, 'knew' indicates that the speaker currently does not know how to fix the clock.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望）後方接過去式動詞（虛擬語氣），用來表示對現在或未來與事實相反、或難以實現的願望。在此處，「knew」表示說話者目前實際上並不知道如何修理這座時鐘。
I wish I had a car so I could drive to work.
我真希望我有一輛車，這樣我就可以開車去上班了。
EN： The structure 'how + to-infinitive' functions as a noun phrase, acting as the object of the verb 'know'. It is a shortened form of an indirect question (e.g., 'how I should fix...').
中文： 「how + 不定詞（to-V）」結構在句中作為名詞片語，擔任動詞「know」的受詞。這是間接問句（例如 'how I should fix...'）的簡化表達方式。
She doesn't know how to swim.
她不知道該如何游泳。
EN： This sentence uses the Second Conditional to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 此句使用「第二類型條件句」（與現在/未來事實相反的假設）。結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」，用來表示在現在或未來不太可能發生或純屬想像的情境。
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
如果我中樂透，我就會買一棟房子。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in the main clause of conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of an imagined situation.
中文： 情態助動詞 'would' 用於條件句的主句中，用來表示想像情境下所產生的假設性結果。
If she had more time, she would learn to play the piano.
如果她有更多時間，她就會去學彈鋼琴。
EN： In professional and academic environments, using the conditional 'If we worked together...' is a polite and collaborative way to suggest teamwork without sounding demanding or bossy.
中文： 在職場或學術環境中，使用假設語氣「If we worked together...」是一種非常有禮貌且具建設性的提議方式，既能表達合作意願，又不會顯得過於強勢或命令式。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）後面接過去式動詞（虛擬語氣），用來表示對現在或未來與事實相反、或實現可能性極低的願望。
I wish I had a car.
但願我有一輛車（但實際上我現在沒有）。
EN： The comparative adjective 'closer' (from 'close') is used here as an adverbial modifier to describe the spatial relationship of being at a shorter distance.
中文： 比較級形容詞「closer」（源自 close）在此處用作副詞修飾語，用來描述空間距離上「更近」的狀態。
EN： This sentence uses the Second Conditional to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 此句使用「第二類型條件句」（Second Conditional）來表達與現在或未來事實相反、假設性或不太可能發生的情況。其結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
如果我中樂透，我就會去環遊世界。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in the main clause of conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of an imagined situation.
中文： 助動詞「would」用於條件句的主句中，用來表示想像情況下所產生的假設性結果。
If we had a car, we would drive to the beach.
如果我們有車，我們就會開車去海灘。
EN： Adverbs of frequency (like 'sometimes') can occupy different positions in a sentence. While they often go before the main verb, 'sometimes' is highly flexible and frequently placed at the very beginning of a sentence for emphasis or to set the scene.
中文： 頻率副詞（如 'sometimes'）在句子中的位置非常彈性。雖然它們通常放在主要動詞之前，但 'sometimes' 經常被放在句首，用以表示強調或鋪陳場景。
Sometimes we go for a walk after dinner.
有時候我們會在晚餐後去散步。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' connects two parallel verbs ('sit' and 'think') that share the same subject ('I'). The adverb 'quietly' modifies 'sit', while the prepositional phrase 'about my wishes' modifies 'think'.
中文： 對等連接詞 'and' 連接兩個平行的動詞（'sit' 與 'think'），它們共享同一個主詞（'I'）。副詞 'quietly' 修飾 'sit'，而介係詞片語 'about my wishes' 則修飾 'think'。
She stood up and walked to the window.
她站了起來，並走向窗戶。
EN： The structure 'I wish + Subject + had + past participle (had done)' is used to express regret about a past situation. It indicates that the speaker wishes the past had been different, but it cannot be changed now.
中文： 「I wish + 主詞 + had + 過去分詞 (had done)」結構用於表達對過去事情的遺憾。這表示說話者希望過去的情況有所不同，但現在已無法改變。
I wish I had studied harder for the exam last week.
我真希望我上週準備考試時能更努力一點。
EN： The verb 'start' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate beginning an activity. In this sentence, 'learning' is the gerund acting as the direct object of 'started'.
中文： 動詞「start」後面可以接動名詞（V-ing）來表示開始某項活動。在此句子中，「learning」是動名詞，作為「started」的直接受詞。
She started playing the piano when she was five.
她五歲時開始彈鋼琴。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used for all subjects (including 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it') in formal English.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）：用於描述在現在或未來想像、不太可能發生或不可能發生的情況。結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。請注意，在正式英文中，不論主詞是第幾人稱（包括 I, he, she, it），be 動詞一律使用 'were'。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就會接受那份工作錄取。
EN： Comparative Adverbs ('more'): Used to modify verbs or adjectives to show a greater degree. In this sentence, 'more' modifies the adjective 'patient' (more patient) and the verb 'enjoy' (enjoy... more).
中文： 比較級副詞（more）：用於修飾動詞或形容詞以表示程度的增加。在本句中，「more」分別修飾了形容詞「patient」（更有耐心）以及動詞「enjoy」（更享受）。
She practices more to improve her skills.
她多加練習以提升自己的技能。
EN： The verb 'wish' followed by a 'that'-clause containing a past modal (like 'could' or 'would') is used to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is currently impossible or unlikely to happen.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望）後接由「that」引導的子句，並在子句中使用過去式助動詞（如「could」或「would」），用來表示對現在或未來難以實現或不可能發生的願望（與現在事實相反的願望）。
I wish that I could speak French fluently.
我希望我能流利地說法語。
EN： The adverb 'often' is an adverb of frequency. It is typically placed before the main verb (like 'wish') but after auxiliary verbs or the verb 'to be'.
中文： 副詞「often」（經常）是一個頻率副詞。它通常放在一般動詞（如「wish」）之前，但放在助動詞或 be 動詞之後。
She often visits her grandparents on weekends.
她週末經常去拜訪她的祖父母。
EN： The concept of 'time travel' is a very popular trope in English-speaking pop culture, featured in countless movies (like 'Back to the Future') and literature. Expressing a desire to travel back in time is a common conversational topic used to reflect on past choices or history.
中文： 「時空旅行」（time travel）是英語系國家流行文化中非常受歡迎的主題，出現在無數的電影（如《回到未來》）和文學作品中。在日常對話中，表達想要「回到過去」的願望，通常是用來反思過去的選擇或對歷史感到好奇。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或極不可能發生的假設情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
如果我中樂透，我就會環遊世界。
EN： The word 'extra' is used as an adjective meaning 'more than what is usual, expected, or necessary'. It is placed directly before the noun it modifies.
中文： 「extra」在此處作為形容詞，意思是「額外的、多餘的（超出通常、預期或必要的數量）」。它直接置於所修飾的名詞之前。
She needs an extra key for her apartment.
她需要一把公寓的備用（額外）鑰匙。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future to be different from reality. Here, 'treated' (past tense) indicates that people currently do not treat the earth with enough care.
中文： 動詞 'wish'（希望）後接過去式動詞（虛擬語氣），用來表示對現在或未來狀況與事實相反的願望。在此處，使用過去式 'treated' 表示人們目前對地球的愛護程度不夠，表達一種與現狀相反的期盼。
I wish I knew the answer to this question.
我希望我知道這個問題的答案。（事實上我不知道）
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with + noun' can function as an adverbial modifier to describe how an action is performed. 'With greater care' means in a more careful or protective manner.
中文： 介系詞片語「with + 名詞」可作為副詞修飾語，用來描述動作進行的方式。「With greater care」意為「以更大的關懷」或「更愛護地」執行動作。
Please handle this fragile box with great care.
請非常小心地搬運這個易碎的箱子。
EN： Environmental awareness and 'green living' are highly discussed topics in modern English-speaking societies. Expressing wishes about environmental protection reflects a common civic concern and values regarding global sustainability.
中文： 在現代英語系國家中，環保意識與「綠色生活」是非常熱門的話題。表達對環境保護的願望，反映了公民對於全球永續發展的共同關懷與價值觀。
EN： This sentence uses the Second Conditional (If + past simple, would + base verb) to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. It expresses a situation that is contrary to current facts.
中文： 此句使用第二類型條件句（If + 過去簡單式，would + 原形動詞），用來表示與現在或未來事實相反的假設、想像或極不可能發生的情況。
If I had a map, I would find the way easily.
如果我有地圖，我就能輕鬆找到路。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in the main clause of conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of the imaginary condition.
中文： 助動詞「would」用於條件句的主句中，用來表示虛擬或假設條件下所產生的結果。
If she lived closer, we would meet more often.
如果她住得近一點，我們就會更常見面。
EN： Environmental awareness and recycling are highly valued in many English-speaking countries, often integrated into daily civic duties and school curriculums. The sentence reflects a common modern discourse on individual responsibility toward global sustainability.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，環保意識與資源回收備受重視，並經常融入日常公民義務與學校課程中。此句子反映了現代社會對於個人對全球永續發展所負責任的共同探討。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past subjunctive tense (e.g., 'were' instead of 'am' or 'was') to express a present regret or a desire for a situation that is contrary to current reality. Even with singular subjects like 'I', 'he', or 'she', 'were' is traditionally used in formal English.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）後方接虛擬語氣過去式（例如用「were」代替「am」或「was」），用來表示對現狀的遺憾，或渴望一個與目前事實相反的情況。即使主詞是單數（如 I, he, she），在正式英文中傳統上仍會使用「were」。
I wish I were taller so I could play basketball.
我希望我能長得更高，這樣就能打籃球了。
EN： The phrase 'be brave about doing something' uses the preposition 'about' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to specify the activity or area in which one wishes to show courage.
中文： 片語「be brave about doing something」（勇敢地面對某事）中，介系詞「about」後面必須接動名詞（V-ing），用來明確指出想要展現勇氣的具體活動或領域。
She is brave about speaking in public.
她對於在公開場合發言感到很勇敢。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. Here, 'could' is the past form of 'can', representing an imaginary ability.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於表示與現在或未來事實相反、或極不可能發生的假設情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在此句中，「could」是「can」的過去式，代表想像中的能力。
If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
如果我有更多錢，我就會去環遊世界。
EN： The word 'less' is the comparative form of 'little' and is used to modify uncountable nouns (like 'time') to indicate a smaller amount.
中文： 單字「less」是「little」的比較級，用來修飾不可數名詞（如「time」），表示較少、更少的分量。
We should spend less money on fast food.
我們應該減少花在速食上的錢。
EN： The verb 'remind' is commonly used in the pattern 'remind someone of something' to mean 'to cause someone to remember or think about something'.
中文： 動詞「remind」（提醒）常用於「remind someone of something」（使某人想起某事）的句型中，表示讓某人回憶起或注意到某個事物。
This song reminds me of my childhood.
這首歌讓我想起了我的童年。
EN： The phrase 'what truly matters to me' uses a nominal relative clause (noun clause) starting with 'what' acting as the object of the preposition 'of'. The verb 'matter' means 'to be important'.
中文： 片語「what truly matters to me」使用由「what」引導的名詞子句，作為介係詞「of」的受詞。動詞「matter」在此表示「重要」或「有重大關係」。
We need to focus on what matters most.
我們需要專注於最重要的事情。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about things which might happen in the future. It uses the present simple tense in the 'if' clause, and the future simple tense ('will' + verb) in the main clause.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於描述未來可能發生的真實情況。在 if 引導的條件子句中，動詞使用現在簡單式；在主句中，動詞則使用未來簡單式（will + 原形動詞）。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： The phrasal verb 'act on' means to take action in response to something, such as advice, information, or a feeling.
中文： 片語動詞 'act on' 的意思是「根據…採取行動」或「付諸行動」，通常指針對建議、資訊或某種想法做出回應。
You should act on his advice.
你應該根據他的建議採取行動。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have learned') is used here to describe a past action or realization that has strong relevance and truth in the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have learned）在此處用於描述過去發生的動作或領悟，而此領悟在現在這一刻仍然具有強烈的關聯性與真實性。
I have learned that patience is key to success.
我已經明白耐心是成功的關鍵。
EN： A noun clause introduced by 'that' ('that a wish... stays a dream') acts as the direct object of the verb 'learned', expressing the content of what was realized.
中文： 由連接詞「that」引導的名詞子句（that a wish... stays a dream）作為動詞「learned」的直接受詞，用來表達所領悟到的具體內容。
She believes that honesty is the best policy.
她相信誠實是最好的策略。
EN： This sentence reflects a common philosophical theme in Western self-improvement and motivational culture: the emphasis on 'agency' and 'action' over passive wishing. It highlights the cultural value placed on proactivity and taking control of one's destiny.
中文： 這句話反映了西方自我提升與勵志文化中一個常見的哲學主題：強調「主動性」與「實際行動」勝過消極的期盼。它突顯了西方文化中對於積極主動、掌握自己命運的價值觀。
EN： The phrasal verb 'wish for' is used to express a desire for something that is unlikely to happen, or to ask someone about their hopes and desires. In questions, the interrogative pronoun 'what' acts as the object of the preposition 'for'.
中文： 片語動詞「wish for」（期盼、許願）用於表達對某件不太可能發生的事情的渴望，或詢問他人的願望。在問句中，疑問代名詞「what」作為介係詞「for」的受詞。
What did you wish for when you blew out the candles?
你吹熄蠟燭時許了什麼願望？
EN： Direct address: When addressing someone directly by name in English, the name is set off with a comma. If the name is at the end of the sentence, the comma precedes it.
中文： 直接呼語：在英文中直接稱呼某人的名字時，名字前後需要用逗號隔開。如果名字位於句尾，逗號則置於名字之前。
EN： In Western culture, asking someone what they 'wish for' is a common, friendly conversation starter, especially in the context of talking about dreams, goals, or when blowing out birthday candles (though traditionally, birthday wishes are kept secret to make them come true!).
中文： 在西方文化中，詢問某人「wish for」（許了什麼願望）是一個常見且友善的對話開頭，特別是在討論夢想、目標，或是在吹生日蛋糕蠟燭的場合（雖然傳統上，生日願望要保密才能實現！）。
EN： The verb 'wish' is followed by a clause with a past subjunctive verb (like 'could' or 'had') to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望）後面接子句時，子句中的動詞須使用過去式虛擬語氣（例如「could」或「had」），用來表示與現在或未來事實相反、或難以實現的願望。
I wish I had a car.
我希望我有一輛車（但實際上現在沒有）。
EN： The structure 'as + adverb + as' is used to make comparisons, indicating that two things are equal in some way. Here, 'as well as' compares the ability to paint.
中文： 「as + 副詞 + as」的結構用於進行比較，表示兩者在某方面程度相同。在此處，「as well as」用來比較畫畫的能力。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used instead of 'was' for all subjects (I/he/she/it) in formal English.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或純屬想像的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，不論主詞是第幾人稱（I/he/she/it），be 動詞一律使用 'were'。
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house by the beach.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會在海灘旁買一棟房子。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in the main clause of conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of an imaginary situation.
中文： 情態助動詞 'would' 用於條件句的主句中，用來表示虛擬、假設情況下所產生的結果。
If she studied harder, she would pass the exam easily.
如果她更努力學習，她就能輕鬆通過考試。
EN： The verb 'wish' is followed by a noun clause expressing a desire that is contrary to reality. When expressing a wish about the present or future that is unlikely or impossible, the past simple tense (subjunctive mood) is used in the noun clause (e.g., 'ended').
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）後面接的名詞子句，用來表達與事實相反的願望。當表達對現在或未來難以實現或不可能實現的願望時，子句中須使用過去簡單式（虛擬語氣），例如本句中的「ended」。
I wish I had a car.
但願我有一輛車（但實際上沒有）。
EN： The adverb 'never' is used before the main verb to express absolute negation. In this subjunctive structure, 'never' is placed before the past tense verb 'ended' to emphasize the desire for an action to never happen.
中文： 副詞「never」（從不、絕不）置於主要動詞之前，用以表示絕對否定。在此虛擬語氣結構中，「never」放在過去式動詞「ended」之前，用來強調希望某個動作永遠不會發生的強烈願望。
She never eats meat.
她從不吃肉。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, summer break is the longest school vacation of the year, typically lasting 2 to 3 months. It is culturally associated with freedom, outdoor activities, travel, and a complete break from academic pressure, making the sentiment of wishing it would never end universally relatable among students.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，暑假是一年中最長的學校假期，通常持續2到3個月。在文化上，暑假與自由、戶外活動、旅遊以及完全脫離課業壓力緊密相連，這使得「希望暑假永遠不要結束」的心情在學生群體中引起極大的共鳴。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + simple past verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 第二類型條件句（與現在事實相反的假設）用於描述在現在或未來不可能發生或極不可能發生的假設情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
如果我更有錢，我就會買一台新車。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used in conditional sentences to express the hypothetical result of an unreal condition. It indicates what the speaker intends or plans to do if the condition were met.
中文： 情態助動詞「would」在條件句中用於表示虛擬條件下所產生的假設結果，指出如果條件成立，說話者打算或計劃去做的事。
If she had time, she would help us.
如果她有時間，她就會幫助我們。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past subjunctive clause (using past tense verbs like 'could' or 'had') to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to fact or unlikely to happen.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望/但願）後面接子句時，須使用過去虛擬語氣（即使用過去式動詞如「could」或「had」），用來表示與現在或未來事實相反、或難以實現的願望。
I wish I could fly like a bird.
但願我能像鳥一樣飛翔。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is the past tense of 'can'. In this subjunctive context, it represents hypothetical ability in the present, meaning 'would be able to'.
中文： 情態助動詞「could」是「can」的過去式。在此虛擬語氣的語境中，它表示現在假設性的能力，意為「要是能夠……就好了」。
I wish she could come to our party tonight.
我希望她今晚能來參加我們的派對。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, pets (especially dogs) are often treated as full family members. It is very common for owners to talk to their dogs as if they were humans, which explains the sentimental desire to have them truly 'understand' human language.
中文： 在英語系國家中，寵物（尤其是狗）通常被視為家庭的重要成員。飼主像對人一樣跟狗說話是非常普遍的現象，這也解釋了為什麼人們會抱持著這種希望寵物能真正「聽懂」人類語言的溫馨願望。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 與現在事實相反的假設（第二類條件句）：用於描述在現在或未來想像中、不太可能發生或不可能發生的情況。結構為「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.
如果我有一百萬美元，我就會買一棟房子。
EN： The adverb 'more' used as a comparative modifier: Here, 'more' functions as an adverb modifying the verb 'saved', indicating a greater quantity or degree of saving.
中文： 副詞「more」作為比較級修飾語：在此處，「more」作為副詞修飾動詞「saved」，表示更大程度或更多數量的儲蓄。
EN： The verb 'wish' followed by a clause in the simple past tense ('knew') is used to express a regret or a desire for a situation in the present to be different. This is a type of subjunctive mood, indicating that the speaker does not currently know the answer.
中文： 動詞「wish」（希望）後面接簡單過去式子句（如「knew」），用於表達對現狀的遺憾或渴望改變現狀。這是一種虛擬語氣，表示說話者目前實際上並不知道答案。
I wish I had a car.
我真希望我有一輛車（但實際上沒有）。
EN： The noun 'answer' is typically followed by the preposition 'to' (not 'of') when specifying what the answer solves or responds to (e.g., 'the answer to the question').
中文： 名詞「answer」（答案）後面通常接介係詞「to」（而非「of」），用來明確指出該答案所解決或回應的對象（例如：「the answer to the question」）。
Do you know the answer to this riddle?
你知道這個謎語的答案嗎？
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple (were for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'. Using 'were' instead of 'was' for 'I/he/she/it' is the standard subjunctive form in formal English.
中文： 第二類條件句（Second Conditional）用於表示與現在或未來事實相反、假設或極不可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 主詞 + 過去式動詞（所有主詞皆用 were），主詞 + would + 原形動詞」。在正式英文中，不論主詞是第幾人稱，be 動詞一律使用 'were' 作為虛擬語氣。
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
如果我有錢，我會環遊世界。
EN： The idiom 'follow one's heart' means to act according to one's feelings, desires, or intuition rather than strictly relying on logical reasoning.
中文： 片語「follow one's heart」字面意思是「跟隨某人的心」，意指「聽從內心的聲音」或「憑直覺/情感做事」，而非單純依賴理性邏輯。
You should follow your heart and choose the career you love.
你應該聽從內心的聲音，選擇你熱愛的職業。
EN： In Western culture, 'following your heart' is highly valued as it emphasizes individual happiness, passion, and personal authenticity over social expectations or purely pragmatic choices.
中文： 在西方文化中，「聽從內心（following your heart）」被視為一種非常崇高的價值觀。它強調個人幸福、熱情以及對自我的真實性，鼓勵人們勇敢追求自己真正渴望的事物，而非僅僅迎合社會期望或做出純粹務實的選擇。
EN： The verb 'give' is a ditransitive verb, which means it takes two objects: an indirect object (the recipient, 'us') and a direct object (the thing being given, 'a reason'). The typical pattern is 'give + indirect object + direct object'.
中文： 動詞「give」（給予）是一個雙賓語動詞（ditransitive verb），這意味著它需要兩個賓語：間接賓語（接受者「us」）和直接賓語（被給予的事物「a reason」）。典型的句型結構為「give + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語」。
She gave me a beautiful book.
她給了我一本精美的書。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to keep trying' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'reason'. The verb 'keep' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express the continuation of an action.
中文： 不定詞片語「to keep trying」在此作為形容詞使用，用來修飾名詞「reason」（理由）。而動詞「keep」後面接動名詞（V-ing），表示持續進行某個動作。
We need a plan to keep winning.
我們需要一個能保持獲勝的計劃。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 流利地、流暢地
在本文中： 市長
在本文中： 改善、變好
在本文中： 有耐心的
在本文中： 回收利用（垃圾、廢棄物等）
在本文中： 習慣
在本文中： 勇氣、膽量
在本文中： 比賽、競賽
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To express one's opinions frankly and publicly.
大膽說出想法、發表意見
To journey into the past.
穿越時空回到過去
To use time in a useless or unproductive way.
浪費時間
To take action according to a suggestion, belief, or information.
付諸行動、根據…採取行動
To do what one sincerely believes is right or what one truly desires, rather than what is logical or expected.
聽從內心的聲音、隨心所欲