EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a completed action that has a significant impact or result in the present. In this case, it emphasizes the achievement of 'making history'.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述一個已完成但對現在有重大影響或結果的動作。在本文中，它強調了「創造歷史」這項成就。
She has won three gold medals so far this year.
到目前為止，她今年已經贏得了三面金牌。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to indicate the method or means by which something is achieved. It answers the question 'How?'.
中文： 介系詞 'by' 後接動名詞（V-ing）用來表示達成某事的手段或方式。它回答了「如何達成？」的問題。
He improved his English by watching movies every day.
他透過每天看電影來增進他的英文。
EN： In the United States, high school sports are highly organized and competitive. It is rare but increasingly possible for elite high school athletes to compete and succeed at the professional or world-class level, often gaining national media attention.
中文： 在美國，高中體育活動組織嚴密且競爭激烈。雖然罕見，但頂尖的高中運動員在職業或世界級水平上競爭並取得成功的情況正逐漸增加，這通常會引起全國媒體的關注。
EN： Compound Adjectives with Hyphens: When multiple words (like '17-year-old') function together as a single adjective before a noun, they are connected by hyphens. Note that the noun within the compound ('year') remains singular.
中文： 帶連字號的複合形容詞：當多個單字（如 '17-year-old'）在名詞前共同充當單一形容詞時，會使用連字號連接。請注意，複合詞中的名詞（'year'）必須保持單數形式。
He lives in a five-story building.
他住在一棟五層樓高的建築裡。
EN： Prepositions of Time and Place: Use 'in' for specific events or categories of competition (in the race) and 'on' for specific days of the week (on Sunday).
中文： 時間與地點的介係詞：使用 'in' 來表示特定的賽事或競賽類別（in the race），使用 'on' 來表示一週中的特定某一天（on Sunday）。
The final exam is on Monday.
期末考試在週一。
EN： In sports journalism, 'won gold' is a common shorthand for 'won the gold medal'. The 800 metres is considered a middle-distance track event, requiring both sprinting speed and aerobic endurance.
中文： 在體育新聞中，「won gold」是「won the gold medal」（贏得金牌）的常用簡稱。800 公尺被認為是田徑運動中的中距離賽事，需要兼具衝刺速度與有氧耐力。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used here to describe an action that happened in the past but has a strong connection or result in the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (has + 過去分詞)：這裡用來描述過去發生但與現在有強烈關聯或影響的動作。
The news has reached every corner of the city.
這則新聞已經傳遍了城市的每個角落。
EN： Subordinating Conjunction 'because': Used to introduce a dependent clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'because'：用來引導從屬子句，說明主句動作發生的原因。
She stayed home because it was raining.
因為下雨，她待在家裡。
EN： In many Western countries, student-athletes are highly celebrated. Balancing rigorous academic schedules with professional-level sports is seen as a sign of great discipline and character.
中文： 在許多西方國家，學生運動員備受推崇。能夠在嚴格的學業與專業級運動競賽之間取得平衡，被視為具有高度自律和良好品格的表現。
EN： Non-defining Relative Clause: The phrase 'who attends Northwest High School in Texas' is a non-defining relative clause. It provides extra information about the subject (Lutkenhaus) but is not essential to the sentence's core meaning. It is separated by commas.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：'who attends Northwest High School in Texas' 是一個非限定用法的關係子句。它為受詞（Lutkenhaus）提供額外補充資訊，但並非句子的核心意義，通常用逗號隔開。
My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor.
我哥哥（他住在倫敦）是一位醫生。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to compete' uses the 'to + verb' (infinitive) form to express the reason or purpose for the action 'took time off'.
中文： 不定詞表示目的：短語 'to compete' 使用了 'to + 動詞'（不定詞）的形式，用來表達執行 'took time off'（請假）這個動作的原因或目的。
She went to the library to study.
她去圖書館是為了要讀書。
EN： In the U.S. education system, high-level student-athletes often receive support from their schools to participate in national or international competitions. 'Taking time off' for such events is common for elite talents, provided they maintain their academic standing.
中文： 在美國教育體系中，高水準的學生運動員通常會獲得學校的支持來參加國家或國際賽事。對於頂尖人才來說，為了這類活動而「請假」是很常見的，前提是他們必須維持一定的學業成績。
EN： The preposition 'with' is used here to indicate the manner or the specific measurement (instrumentality) by which an action was completed. In sports contexts, it often introduces a score or a time.
中文： 介係詞「with」在此處用於表示完成動作的方式或具體測量數值（工具性）。在運動語境中，它常用於引導得分或時間成績。
She won the marathon with a record-breaking time.
她以破紀錄的時間贏得了馬拉松比賽。
EN： The Past Simple tense ('finished') is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式（finished）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作。
They finished the project yesterday.
他們昨天完成了那個專案。
EN： In international athletics, times are recorded to the hundredth of a second. When reading decimals like '44.24', it is standard to say 'forty-four point two four' rather than 'twenty-four'.
中文： 在國際田徑比賽中，時間會記錄到百分之一秒。讀小數點如「44.24」時，標準讀法是「forty-four point two four」，而不是將小數部分讀作整數。
EN： The phrasal verb 'come in' is frequently used in sports and competitions to indicate the final position or ranking of a participant.
中文： 動詞片語「come in」常用於運動賽事或競賽中，用來表示參賽者的最終名次或排名。
The local runner came in third in the marathon.
那位當地跑者在馬拉松比賽中獲得第三名。
EN： The word 'behind' acts as a preposition of position or relative status. In a racing context, it indicates the time or distance gap between competitors.
中文： 「behind」在此作為介係詞，表示位置或相對狀態。在賽事語境中，它用來表示參賽者之間的差距（時間或距離）。
She finished only two seconds behind the winner.
她僅落後冠軍兩秒鐘抵達終點。
EN： In international sports reporting, athletes are often referred to by their nationality (e.g., 'the young American') to avoid repeating their names and to emphasize the international nature of the competition.
中文： 在國際體育報導中，常會用國籍來稱呼運動員（例如「這位美國年輕選手」），以避免重複提及姓名，並強調比賽的國際性。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of [Country]' is used to indicate a person's nationality or the country they represent in a competition.
中文： 介係詞短語「of [國家]」用於表示一個人的國籍，或在比賽中代表的國家。
Luka Doncic of Slovenia is a famous basketball player.
來自斯洛維尼亞的 Luka Doncic 是一位著名的籃球運動員。
EN： The Past Simple tense ('won') is used here to describe a completed action that happened at a specific time in the past (the race on Sunday).
中文： 過去簡單式（won）在此用於描述在過去特定時間（週日的比賽）已經完成的動作。
She won the first prize in the singing contest last year.
她在去年的歌唱比賽中獲得了冠軍。
EN： In international sporting events like the World Athletics Championships, the top three finishers receive gold, silver, and bronze medals respectively. This system was standardized in the early 20th century.
中文： 在世界田徑錦標賽等國際體育賽事中，前三名分別獲得金牌、銀牌和銅牌。這套獎勵制度在 20 世紀初被標準化。
EN： The preposition 'By' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to indicate the method or means by which an action is achieved.
中文： 介系詞 'By' 後接動名詞 (V-ing)，用於表示達成某項動作的方法或手段，譯為「藉由……」。
By practicing every day, she improved her piano skills significantly.
藉由每天練習，她的鋼琴技巧有了顯著的進步。
EN： The relative clause 'that was held by...' uses the relative pronoun 'that' to provide more information about the preceding noun (the mark). It is in the passive voice (was + past participle).
中文： 關係子句 'that was held by...' 使用關係代名詞 'that' 來修飾前面的名詞（紀錄/標竿）。此處使用被動語態（was + 過去分詞）表示該紀錄「被」某人保持。
The trophy that was won by the team is on display in the hall.
那座由該隊伍贏得的獎盃正在大廳展出。
EN： In athletics, a 'mark' often refers to a specific record or a standard set by a previous athlete. Breaking a long-standing mark is a significant milestone in sports history.
中文： 在田徑運動中，「mark」通常指由前人設定的特定紀錄或標準。打破一項長期保持的紀錄（mark）是運動史上非常重要的里程碑。
EN： The conjunction 'when' is used to introduce a subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time) that indicates the specific time or occasion when the main action occurred.
中文： 連接詞「when」用於引導從句（時間副詞子句），表示主要動作發生的特定時間或場合。
I was living in London when I met her.
當我遇見她時，我正住在倫敦。
EN： The Past Simple tense ('was', 'won') is used to describe completed actions or states that happened at a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式（如 'was'、'won'）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作或狀態。
She won the race last year.
她去年贏得了那場比賽。
EN： In English-speaking countries, age is often used as a benchmark for achievement, especially in sports where 'youngest' or 'oldest' records are highly celebrated.
中文： 在英語系國家，年齡常被視為成就的基準，特別是在體育界，「最年輕」或「最年長」的紀錄通常會受到高度讚賞。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The phrase 'who turned 17 in December' is a non-restrictive relative clause. It provides extra information about the subject (Lutkenhaus) but is not essential to identify who he is. It is separated by commas.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：'who turned 17 in December' 是一個非限定關係子句，用來提供關於主詞 (Lutkenhaus) 的額外補充資訊，但並非識別其身份所必需。這種用法通常會在子句前後加上逗號。
My brother, who lives in New York, is a doctor.
我哥哥住在紐約，他是一名醫生。
EN： Comparative Structures with 'than': The sentence uses 'more than a year younger than' to compare two people's ages at specific points in time. 'More than' acts as a modifier to the comparative adjective 'younger'.
中文： 使用 'than' 的比較級結構：句子使用 'more than a year younger than' 來比較兩個人在特定時間點的年齡。'More than'（超過）作為修飾語，用來加強比較級形容詞 'younger'（更年輕的）。
She is three years older than her sister.
她比她妹妹大三歲。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' (how he won the race) acting as the object of the preposition 'about'. A noun clause functions as a noun and follows the word order of a statement (Subject + Verb), not a question.
中文： 本句使用了「名詞子句」(how he won the race) 作為介係詞「about」的受詞。名詞子句的功能等同於名詞，且須遵循陳述句的語序（主詞 + 動詞），而非疑問句語序。
She explained how she solved the problem.
她解釋了她是如何解決那個問題的。
EN： The phrase 'After his victory' is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial of time. Placing it at the beginning of the sentence emphasizes the timing and is usually followed by a comma.
中文： 短語「After his victory」是一個介係詞片語，充當時間副詞。將其放在句首可以強調時間點，通常後面會加上逗號。
After the movie, we went to get dinner.
電影結束後，我們去吃了晚餐。
EN： In sports journalism, it is common to use the athlete's last name (Lutkenhaus) to refer to them after the first mention. This maintains a professional and objective tone.
中文： 在體育新聞報導中，通常在第一次提到運動員全名後，後續會僅使用其姓氏（如 Lutkenhaus）來稱呼。這能保持報導的專業感與客觀語氣。
EN： Reported Speech (Indirect Speech): When reporting what someone said in the past, we often use 'said that' followed by a clause where the tense shifts back (e.g., 'is' becomes 'was').
中文： 間接引句（轉述語句）：當轉述某人過去說過的話時，我們通常使用「said that」後接一個子句，且時態通常會向過去推移（例如：is 變成 was）。
She said that she was tired after the long flight.
她說她在長途飛行後感到很累。
EN： Noun Clauses as Objects: The word 'that' can introduce a noun clause acting as the object of verbs like 'said' or 'believed'. In casual English, 'that' is often omitted.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：單字「that」可以引導一個名詞子句，作為「said」或「believed」等動詞的受詞。在非正式英語中，「that」經常被省略。
I believed I could win the race.
我相信我能贏得比賽。
EN： In sports journalism, 'the favourite' refers to the athlete or team most expected to win based on past performance or rankings. Being an 'underdog' (the opposite of a favourite) and winning is a popular narrative in sports culture.
中文： 在體育新聞中，「the favourite」（奪冠熱門）是指根據過往表現或排名，最被看好獲勝的運動員或隊伍。作為「underdog」（不被看好者）最終獲勝，是體育文化中非常受歡迎的敘事方式。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: Formed with 'was/were + verb-ing', it describes an action that was in progress at a specific moment in the past.
中文： 過去進行式：由「was/were + 現在分詞 (V-ing)」構成，用來描述過去某個特定時間點正在進行的動作。
The sun was shining when the race started.
比賽開始時，陽光正燦爛。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to take the lead' uses 'to + base verb' to explain why the subject performed the action (the purpose).
中文： 不定詞表示目的：片語「to take the lead」使用「to + 原形動詞」來解釋主詞為何執行該動作（即動作的目的）。
He trained hard to win the gold medal.
他刻苦訓練是為了贏得金牌。
EN： In track and field, 'making a move' refers to a strategic burst of speed to overtake opponents, often timed carefully based on the remaining distance (laps).
中文： 在田徑比賽中，「making a move」（發力/採取行動）是指為了超越對手而進行的策略性加速，通常會根據剩餘距離（圈數）來精確計算時機。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used here to describe completed actions in the past. 'Lost' and 'took' are irregular past forms of 'lose' and 'take'.
中文： 過去簡單式（Past Simple）用於描述過去已完成的動作。句中的 'lost' 和 'took' 分別是動詞 'lose' 和 'take' 的不規則過去式型態。
She won the race after she trained hard for months.
她在刻苦訓練幾個月後贏得了比賽。
EN： The conjunction 'after' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. In this sentence, 'he took it' happened first, followed by 'he never lost that lead'.
中文： 連接詞 'after' 用於連接兩個從句，表示事件發生的先後順序。在此句中，「他取得領先」發生在前，「他從未失去領先」發生在後。
I went to sleep after I finished my homework.
我做完功課後就去睡覺了。
EN： In sports commentary, 'taking the lead' refers to moving into the first position during a race or game. Maintaining that lead until the end is often seen as a sign of great tactical skill and physical endurance, especially for a young athlete.
中文： 在體育評論中，「taking the lead」指的是在比賽中取得領先位置。能一直保持領先直到結束，通常被視為具備極佳戰術技巧和體能耐力的表現，對於年輕運動員來說更是難能可貴。
EN： Non-defining Relative Clause: The phrase 'who finished in second place' provides extra information about the subject (Crestan). It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：'who finished in second place' 這個片語為句子的主詞 (Crestan) 提供額外補充資訊。它用逗號隔開，即使從句子中移除，也不會改變句子的核心意義。
My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor.
我的哥哥（他住在倫敦）是一位醫生。
EN： Past Tense Verbs: The verbs 'finished' and 'praised' are in the simple past tense, indicating that both the completion of the race and the act of praising happened at a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去式動詞：動詞 'finished' 和 'praised' 使用簡單過去式，表示比賽結束和稱讚這兩個動作都發生在過去的特定時間點。
She finished her homework and watched a movie.
她完成了作業並看了一部電影。
EN： In sports culture, it is considered a sign of good sportsmanship for a competitor (especially the runner-up) to publicly praise the winner. This shows respect for the opponent's talent and effort.
中文： 在體育文化中，參賽者（尤其是亞軍）公開稱讚冠軍被視為良好的運動家精神。這展現了對對手才華與努力的尊重。
EN： The verb 'call' can be used in a complex transitive pattern: 'call + object + object complement'. Here, 'Lutkenhaus' is the object and 'an incredible talent' is the complement that describes the object.
中文： 動詞「call」可用於複合及物結構：「call + 受詞 + 受詞補語」。在此句中，「Lutkenhaus」是受詞，「an incredible talent」則是描述該受詞的補語。
The critics called the new movie a masterpiece.
影評人稱這部新電影為傑作。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'winning' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). It serves as the subject of the subordinate clause 'that winning... is remarkable'.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字「winning」是一個動名詞（動詞 + -ing 作為名詞使用）。它在從句「that winning... is remarkable」中擔任主詞的角色。
Learning a new language requires patience.
學習一門新語言需要耐心。
EN： The phrase 'at 17 years of age' is a more formal way of saying 'at 17' or 'when he was 17'. In sports journalism, this formal tone is often used to emphasize the gravity or historical significance of an achievement.
中文： 短語「at 17 years of age」是「at 17」或「when he was 17」的較正式說法。在體育新聞中，這種正式語氣常用來強調一項成就的嚴肅性或歷史意義。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed by a 'that' clause (noun clause) acting as the direct object. In this context, it expresses an opinion or a possibility about the future.
中文： 動詞 'suggest' 後面接一個 'that' 子句（名詞子句）作為受詞。在這種語境下，它表達了對未來的一種看法或可能性。
The weather report suggested that it might rain tomorrow.
天氣預報暗示明天可能會下雨。
EN： The structure 'one of the + plural noun' is used to identify a specific person or thing as part of a larger group. Note that the noun must be plural (runners).
中文： 結構 'one of the + 複數名詞' 用於將特定的人或事物識別為較大群體的一部分。請注意，名詞必須使用複數形式 (runners)。
She is one of the best students in our class.
她是我們班上最好的學生之一。
EN： In sports journalism, 'middle distance' typically refers to races ranging from 800 metres to 3,000 metres. The 800m is often considered one of the most difficult events because it requires both sprinting speed and aerobic endurance.
中文： 在體育新聞中，「中距離 (middle distance)」通常指 800 公尺到 3,000 公尺之間的比賽。800 公尺常被認為是最困難的項目之一，因為它同時需要短跑的速度和有氧耐力。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' starting with 'that' as the direct object of the verb 'believe'. The word 'that' functions as a subordinator to introduce the specific thought or belief being expressed.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引導的「名詞子句」作為動詞 'believe' 的受詞。'that' 在此作為連接詞，用來引出具體的相信內容或想法。
Scientists believe that climate change is a serious issue.
科學家相信氣候變遷是一個嚴重的議題。
EN： The phrase 'ahead' is used as a postpositive adjective or adverb to indicate something that will happen in the future, often following nouns like 'future', 'challenges', or 'tasks'.
中文： 單字 'ahead' 在此作為後置形容詞或副詞，用來表示未來將發生的事情，通常接在 'future' (未來)、'challenges' (挑戰) 或 'tasks' (任務) 等名詞之後。
She has a long career ahead of her.
她面前有一段漫長的職業生涯。
EN： In sports journalism, phrases like 'bright future ahead' are common idioms used to describe young athletes who show exceptional potential early in their careers.
中文： 在體育新聞中，「bright future ahead」(前途光明) 是常見的成語，用來形容在職業生涯早期就展現出非凡潛力的年輕運動員。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 成就、功績，指透過努力或技能完成的事情
在本文中： 參加比賽、競爭
在本文中： 打破（紀錄），超越先前的最佳成績
在本文中： 最有希望獲勝的人或參賽者
在本文中： 難以置信的、極好的
在本文中： 非凡的、引人注目的、值得注意的
在本文中： 暗示、提議或表達某種看法
在本文中： 專家，對特定領域有深入了解的人
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To do something important that has not been done before and will be remembered.
創造歷史
To stop working or attending school for a period of time in order to do something else.
請假、抽出時間
A future that is likely to be successful and full of opportunities.
光明的前途
To move into the first position in a race or competition.
取得領先
A record or a specific level of achievement in sports, often used to refer to a time or distance to be beaten.
紀錄、指標
A specific competition or race within a larger sports meeting or championship.
（比賽）項目
The competitor or team that is most likely to win a race or competition according to experts or betting odds.
奪冠熱門、最被看好者
A category of track races that are longer than sprints but shorter than long-distance races, typically ranging from 800 to 3,000 metres.
中長跑、中距離賽跑