EN： Present Continuous Tense: Formed with 'be' + verb-ing, it describes an action happening right now or a current trend.
中文： 現在進行式：由「be 動詞 + 現在分詞 (V-ing)」構成，用於描述目前正在發生或持續中的趨勢。
The cost of living is rising quickly this year.
今年的生活成本正在迅速上升。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'have/has' + past participle, it connects the past to the present, often indicating a completed action with current relevance.
中文： 現在完成式：由「have/has + 過去分詞 (P.P.)」構成，將過去與現在聯繫起來，通常表示一個已經完成但對現在仍有影響的動作。
Technology has changed the way we communicate.
科技已經改變了我們溝通的方式。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue characterized by high property prices and low rental availability, which has led to increased intergenerational tension as younger people find it harder to achieve financial independence.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題，其特徵是房價高昂且租屋供應不足。這導致了跨世代間的緊張關係，因為年輕一代發現越來越難實現經濟獨立。
EN： Present Perfect Passive (have/has + been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the result or the object receiving the action rather than who did it.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態（have/has + been + 過去分詞）：此結構用於描述在過去不特定時間完成的動作，重點在於動作的結果或承受者，而非執行者本身。
Many new laws have been created to protect the environment.
許多新法律已經被制定出來以保護環境。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The phrase 'to explore' acts as an adverbial phrase explaining 'why' the films, books, and plays were created.
中文： 不定詞表示目的（to + 動詞）：片語「to explore」作為副詞片語，用來解釋為什麼這些電影、書籍和戲劇會被創作出來。
She saved money to buy a new house in Australia.
她存錢是為了要在澳洲買一棟新房子。
EN： The sentence reflects a real-world trend in Australia where the 'Great Australian Dream' of home ownership is becoming unattainable for many, leading to a surge in creative works that critique the economic divide between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z'.
中文： 這句話反映了澳洲的現實趨勢：擁有住房的「澳洲大夢」對許多人來說正變得遙不可及。這導致大量創作作品出現，用以批判「嬰兒潮世代」（受益於低房價者）與「千禧世代」或「Z 世代」之間的經濟鴻溝。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: Using ', which' provides extra information about a noun (in this case, 'a film called Birthright'). It is separated by a comma and does not limit the identity of the noun, but rather adds descriptive detail.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：使用「, which」來提供關於先行詞（在此為「一部名為《繼承權》的電影」）的額外補充資訊。這種用法通常用逗號隔開，並非用來限定名詞的範圍，而是增加描述性細節。
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
他買了一輛新車，那花了他一大筆錢。
EN： Present Participle as Adjective Phrase: The word 'struggling' is a present participle (-ing form) used to describe the 'young couple'. It functions like a shortened relative clause ('who are struggling').
中文： 現在分詞作形容詞片語：單字「struggling」是現在分詞（-ing 形式），用來修飾前面的「young couple」（年輕夫婦）。它的功能類似於省略了關係代名詞的子句（即 who are struggling）。
The woman sitting over there is my teacher.
坐在那邊的那位女士是我的老師。
EN： The term 'Birthright' often refers to a natural right or privilege someone has by birth. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, the title is ironic, suggesting that younger generations feel they have lost the 'birthright' of affordable housing that their parents (Baby Boomers) enjoyed.
中文： 「Birthright」（繼承權/生而擁有的權利）通常指一個人因出生而自然擁有的權利或特權。在澳洲住房危機的背景下，這個片名帶有諷刺意味，暗示年輕一代覺得自己失去了父母輩（戰後嬰兒潮世代）所享有的「負擔得起住房」的這種基本權利。
EN： The Present Continuous tense (be + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing state or a future event that is already in progress. In the context of pregnancy, 'expecting' is a common way to say someone is pregnant.
中文： 現在進行式（be 動詞 + 動詞-ing）在此用於描述一個持續的狀態或正在進行中的計畫。在懷孕的語境中，「expecting」是表達某人懷孕的常用委婉說法。
They are expecting their first child in June.
他們正期待著六月第一個孩子的出生。
EN： The past participle 'named' is used as a reduced relative clause (short for 'who are named') to modify the noun 'couple', providing their specific names.
中文： 過去分詞「named」在此作為簡化關係子句（原為「who are named」），用來修飾名詞「couple」（夫婦），提供他們的具體姓名。
I have a cat named Luna.
我有一隻名叫露娜的貓。
EN： The term 'millennial' refers to the generation born between 1981 and 1996. In Australia, this generation is often highlighted in discussions about the housing crisis, as they face significantly higher property prices compared to their parents' generation (the 'baby boomers').
中文： 「millennial」（千禧世代）指的是 1981 年至 1996 年間出生的人。在澳洲，這個世代常在住房危機的討論中被提及，因為與他們父母那一代（戰後嬰兒潮世代）相比，他們面臨著極高的房價壓力。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a past action that has a direct result or relevance to the present situation.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述一個過去發生的動作，且該動作對現在的情況有直接的結果或關聯性。
She has lost her keys, so she cannot enter the house.
她弄丟了鑰匙，所以她現在進不了家門。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 連接詞「because」用於引導從句，提供主句動作發生的原因。
I stayed home because it was raining.
因為下雨，所以我待在家裡。
EN： In the context of the Australian housing crisis, 'short-term contracts' highlight the precarious nature of employment for many young people, which makes it nearly impossible to secure long-term rentals or mortgages.
中文： 在澳洲住房危機的背景下，「短期合約」凸顯了許多青年就業的不穩定性，這使得他們幾乎不可能獲得長期租約或房屋貸款。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on leave' is used to describe someone who is away from their work or duty with permission. Adding 'unpaid' specifies that the person is not receiving a salary during this period.
中文： 介系詞短語「on leave」用於描述某人經許可離開工作或崗位。加上「unpaid」（無薪的）則明確表示該期間不領取薪水。
He has been on leave for two weeks to care for his sick mother.
他為了照顧生病的母親已經請假兩週了。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used here to indicate the source or the specific role/organization the person is taking leave from.
中文： 介系詞「from」在此處用於表示來源，即該員工是從哪個特定職位或機構請假離開的。
She resigned from her position as a manager.
她辭去了經理的職位。
EN： In many Western countries, including Australia, 'unpaid leave' is a common arrangement for employees who need extended time off for personal reasons but want to keep their job security, though it highlights the financial vulnerability during a housing crisis.
中文： 在包括澳洲在內的許多西方國家，「無薪假」是員工因個人原因需要長期休假但希望保留職位的常見安排。然而，在住房危機期間，這也凸顯了財務上的脆弱性。
EN： The passive voice 'be forced to' indicates that the subject has no choice but to perform an action due to external circumstances. It is formed by 'be' + past participle 'forced' + to-infinitive.
中文： 被動語態「be forced to」（被迫……）表示主詞因外部環境而別無選擇，只能執行某個動作。其結構為「be 動詞」+ 過去分詞「forced」+ 不定詞「to」。
The passengers were forced to wait for three hours due to the delay.
由於延誤，乘客們被迫等待了三個小時。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time starting with 'When' describe when the main action happens. In this sentence, it sets the condition/timing for the forced move.
中文： 由「When」引導的時間副詞子句用來描述主要動作發生的時間。在本句中，它設定了被迫搬家的條件或時機。
When the movie ends, we will go to dinner.
當電影結束時，我們就去吃晚餐。
EN： 'Baby boomer' refers to the generation born between 1946 and 1964. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, there is often a noted economic divide between this generation (who often own property) and millennials (who struggle to enter the market).
中文： 「Baby boomer」（戰後嬰兒潮世代）是指 1946 年至 1964 年間出生的人。在澳洲住房危機的背景下，這個世代（通常擁有房產）與千禧世代（難以進入房地產市場）之間常被提及存在經濟鴻溝。
EN： The relative clause 'that follows' acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'tension'. The relative pronoun 'that' serves as the subject of the verb 'follows'.
中文： 關係代名詞子句「that follows」充當形容詞來修飾名詞「tension」（緊張關係）。關係代名詞「that」在子句中擔任動詞「follows」的主詞。
The decision that follows will change everything.
隨之而來的決定將改變一切。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two words or phrases of the same grammatical type, emphasizing that two qualities apply to the subject simultaneously.
中文： 對等連接詞「both... and...」（既...又...）用於連接兩個語法類型相同的單字或短語，強調主體同時具備這兩種特質。
The movie was both long and boring.
這部電影既長又無聊。
EN： The term 'darkly funny' refers to 'black humor' or 'dark comedy,' a style that treats serious, painful, or tragic topics (like the housing crisis in Australia) with a sense of irony or amusement. This is a common artistic response to difficult social realities.
中文： 「darkly funny」一詞指的是「黑色幽默」，這是一種以諷刺或幽默的方式處理嚴肅、痛苦或悲劇性話題（如澳洲的住房危機）的風格。這是藝術家對艱難社會現實的一種常見回應方式。
EN： Reported Speech with an omitted 'that': In English, the conjunction 'that' is often omitted after reporting verbs like 'said' when introducing a noun clause that functions as the object.
中文： 省略 'that' 的間接引語：在英語中，像 'said' 這樣的轉述動詞後方引導名詞子句作為受詞時，連接詞 'that' 經常會被省略。
He said he would arrive at six o'clock.
他說他會在六點鐘到達。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as a Modifier: The phrase 'for the film' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'idea', specifying which idea is being discussed.
中文： 介係詞片語作為修飾語：'for the film' 這個片語充當形容詞，用來修飾名詞 'idea'，明確指出討論的是哪一個構思。
The key to the door is on the table.
那扇門的鑰匙在桌子上。
EN： The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the Australian arts scene and housing market. Many creative projects during this time reflected the social shifts, such as the 'return to the nest' phenomenon where young adults moved back with parents due to economic instability.
中文： COVID-19 疫情對澳洲的藝術界和住房市場產生了重大影響。這段時期的許多創意作品都反映了社會變遷，例如「回巢」現象，即年輕成年人因經濟不穩定而搬回與父母同住。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'noticed'. It explains exactly what she observed.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：單字 'that' 引導一個名詞子句，在句中擔任動詞 'noticed' 的直接受詞，用來具體說明她觀察到的內容。
He realized that the store was closed.
他意識到那家店已經關門了。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: 'Were moving' is used here to describe a trend or a developing situation that was happening around a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去進行式：'Were moving' 在此用於描述在過去某個特定時間點前後正在發生的一種趨勢或持續發展的情況。
Many people were looking for jobs during the crisis.
在危機期間，許多人都在尋找工作。
EN： The phenomenon of adult children moving back to their parents' home is often referred to as the 'Boomerang Generation'. In Australia, this is increasingly driven by high property prices and rental costs in major cities like Sydney and Melbourne.
中文： 成年子女搬回父母家的現象通常被稱為「啃老族」或「回巢族」(Boomerang Generation)。在澳洲，這種現象日益普遍，主要是由於雪梨和墨爾本等大城市的房價和租金高昂所致。
EN： The comparative + and + comparative structure (e.g., 'longer and longer') is used to describe something that is changing continuously or increasing in intensity over time.
中文： 「比較級 + and + 比較級」的結構（例如：longer and longer）用於描述某事隨著時間持續變化或強度不斷增加，中文常譯為「越來越……」。
The weather is getting colder and colder as winter approaches.
隨著冬天臨近，天氣變得越來越冷。
EN： The auxiliary verb 'would' is used here to describe a repeated action or a typical behavior in the past, similar to 'used to' but focusing more on the habit itself.
中文： 助動詞「would」在此處用於描述過去重複發生的動作或典型的行為習慣，類似於「used to」，但更側重於描述當時的一種常態或傾向。
Every summer, we would go to the beach for the whole day.
每個夏天，我們都會去海邊待上一整天。
EN： In Australia, the term 'boomerang kids' is often used to describe young adults who return to live with their parents due to financial pressures like high rent or unemployment, a central theme in the film Birthright.
中文： 在澳洲，「回巢族」(boomerang kids) 一詞常用於形容因高房租或失業等經濟壓力而搬回父母家居住的年輕人，這也是電影《繼承權》的核心主題。
EN： The phrase 'become interested in' describes a transition into a state of curiosity or concern. 'Become' is a linking verb used to show a change in state, followed by an adjective phrase.
中文： 短語「become interested in」描述進入一種好奇或關注的狀態。「Become」是一個連綴動詞，用於表示狀態的改變，後接形容詞短語。
He became interested in photography after visiting the gallery.
參觀完畫廊後，他開始對攝影產生了興趣。
EN： The sentence uses a relative clause 'that develop...' to modify 'power dynamics', followed by an adverbial clause of time 'when adult children return...' which specifies the circumstances of the development.
中文： 本句使用關係子句「that develop...」來修飾「power dynamics」（權力動態），隨後接一個時間副詞子句「when adult children return...」，用以說明這種動態產生的具體情境。
I enjoy the peaceful atmosphere that exists when everyone is asleep.
我喜歡當每個人都睡著時所存在的那種寧靜氣氛。
EN： The term 'power dynamics' in a family context refers to how authority and influence shift when adult children, who are usually independent, move back into their parents' home where the parents are the primary homeowners. This is a growing social phenomenon in Australia and other Western countries due to economic pressures.
中文： 家庭背景下的「權力動態」（power dynamics）是指當通常獨立的成年子女搬回父母家（父母為主要屋主）時，權威和影響力如何發生轉變。由於經濟壓力，這在澳洲和其他西方國家已成為一種日益普遍的社會現象。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and has a connection to the present, often showing a result or a trend over a period of time.
中文： 現在完成式 (have + 過去分詞) 在此處用於描述從過去開始並與現在有聯繫的動作或狀態，通常顯示一段時間內的結果或趨勢。
The population of the city has grown significantly since 2010.
自 2010 年以來，該城市的人口顯著增長。
EN： The verb 'point out' is a phrasal verb meaning to direct someone's attention to a fact or information. It is often followed by a 'that' clause to introduce the specific information being shared.
中文： 動詞短語 'point out' 意為「指出」，指引某人注意某個事實或信息。它通常後接 'that' 引導的從句，用來介紹所分享的具體內容。
The teacher pointed out that the deadline for the project is tomorrow.
老師指出，該專案的截止日期是明天。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue. Major cities like Sydney and Melbourne have some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to the 'intergenerational tension' mentioned in the text as younger people struggle to enter the market.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題。雪梨和墨爾本等大城市的房價與收入比位居世界前列，這導致了文中提到的「代際緊張」，因為年輕一代難以進入房地產市場。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a result or relevance in the present. In this context, it emphasizes the current state of the housing situation resulting from past developments.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去開始並對現在產生結果或關聯的動作。在此語境中，它強調了過去發展所導致的現狀。
The government has implemented new policies to help first-time buyers.
政府已經實施了新政策來幫助首次購房者。
EN： A Noun Clause starting with 'that' functions as the object of the verb 'believes'. It allows the speaker to express an opinion or thought about a complete fact or situation.
中文： 由 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為動詞 'believes' 的受詞。它讓說話者能針對一個完整的事實或情況表達觀點或想法。
I believe that education is the key to success.
我相信教育是成功的關鍵。
EN： The phrase 'younger generations' in Australia often refers to Millennials and Gen Z, who face significant hurdles in the property market compared to the 'Baby Boomer' generation, leading to the intergenerational tension mentioned in the text.
中文： 在澳洲，「年輕一代」通常指千禧世代和 Z 世代。與「嬰兒潮」一代相比，他們在房地產市場面臨巨大障礙，這導致了文中提到的代際緊張關係。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a continuing effect or relevance to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述一個始於過去，且對現在仍有持續影響或關聯的動作。
The new law has changed the lives of many citizens.
這項新法律已經改變了許多公民的生活。
EN： The preposition 'across' is used to describe something happening throughout a particular area or country.
中文： 介係詞「across」在此用於描述發生在特定區域或整個國家範圍內的事情，意為「橫跨」或「遍及」。
The news spread quickly across the city.
這則新聞迅速傳遍了整個城市。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue, characterized by some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to increased homelessness and intergenerational wealth gaps.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題，其特徵是房價相對於收入的比例位居世界前列，這導致了無家可歸者增加以及代際之間的財富差距擴大。
EN： The phrase 'afford to' is followed by an infinitive verb (to + base verb) to indicate having enough money or time to do something. It is frequently used with modal verbs like 'can' or 'cannot'.
中文： 「afford to」後面接不定詞（to + 原形動詞），用來表示有足夠的財力或時間去做某事。這個用法經常與助動詞「can」或「cannot」連用。
She cannot afford to travel abroad this year.
她今年負擔不起出國旅遊的費用。
EN： The adverb 'even' is used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising. In this sentence, it highlights that not only is buying a home impossible, but even the typically cheaper option of renting is also out of reach.
中文： 副詞「even」用於強調出乎意料或令人驚訝的事物。在本句中，它強調了不僅買房不可能，甚至連通常較便宜的租房選項也無法負擔。
He didn't even say goodbye before leaving.
他離開前甚至連再見都沒說。
EN： In Australia, the 'Great Australian Dream' traditionally refers to owning a home on a suburban block. However, due to soaring property prices, this dream is becoming increasingly unattainable for many, leading to significant social and political debate about housing affordability.
中文： 在澳洲，「澳洲大夢」（Great Australian Dream）傳統上是指在郊區擁有一套帶土地的房子。然而，由於房價飆升，這個夢想對許多人來說變得越來越遙不可及，進而引發了關於住房負擔能力的重大社會與政治辯論。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true or relevant in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續至今，或與現在仍具相關性的狀態。
The local library has become a popular meeting spot for students.
這間當地圖書館已成為學生們受歡迎的聚會場所。
EN： The preposition 'between' is used to show a relationship or comparison involving two distinct groups or entities (older and younger Australians).
中文： 介系詞「between」用於顯示涉及兩個不同群體或實體（年長與年輕澳洲人）之間的關係或比較。
The gap between the rich and the poor is widening in many countries.
在許多國家，貧富之間的差距正在擴大。
EN： The term 'intergenerational inequality' is a significant topic in Australia, often referring to the wealth gap between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower house prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z' who face a much tougher housing market.
中文： 「跨世代不平等」是澳洲的一個重要議題，通常指「戰後嬰兒潮世代」（受益於較低房價的一代）與面臨更嚴峻房地產市場的「千禧世代」或「Z 世代」之間的財富差距。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 危機；極其困難或危險的時刻
在本文中： （價格、數量等）急劇上升的、猛漲的
在本文中： 不平等；不公平
在本文中： 無家可歸
在本文中： 千禧世代（約於1981年至1996年間出生的人）
在本文中： 合約；契約
在本文中： 緊張關係；緊張局勢
在本文中： （人際關係或系統中的）互動關係、動力學
在本文中： 獨特地；極其地
在本文中： 靈感；啟發
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A situation where a household spends a large proportion of its income (usually over 30%) on rent.
租金壓力
To start living in the same house as someone else.
搬去與…同住
A person born during a period of greatly increased birth rate, especially between 1946 and 1964.
嬰兒潮世代
A work agreement that lasts for only a limited period of time.
短期合約
The way in which different people or groups interact and influence each other, especially regarding who has more control.
權力動態