EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (this bridge) rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this past tense sentence, 'was' is used because 'this bridge' is singular.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於強調動作本身或接受動作的對象（這座橋），而非執行者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。在本句的過去式中，因為主詞「this bridge」為單數，所以使用「was」。
This book was written in 1990.
這本書是在1990年寫的。
EN： The phrase 'ago' is used to indicate how far back in the past something happened, counting back from the present. It is always placed after the time duration (e.g., 'a hundred years ago').
中文： 副詞「ago」用於表示從現在算起，某事發生在多久以前。它必須放在時間長度之後（例如：「a hundred years ago」代表一百年前）。
We met five years ago.
我們是五年前認識的。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to show that the subject is the recipient of the action. Structure: Subject + am/is/are + past participle (V3) + by + agent.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於表示主詞是動作的接受者。結構為：主詞 + am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3) + by + 施事者。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN： Adverb Placement ('still'): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an ongoing situation. In sentences with auxiliary or 'be' verbs, 'still' is placed after the first auxiliary/be verb and before the main verb.
中文： 副詞「still」（仍然）的位置：用於描述持續進行的情況。在含有助動詞或 be 動詞的句子中，「still」置於第一個助動詞或 be 動詞之後、主要動詞之前。
He is still working on his project.
他仍然在做他的專案。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the old temple), rather than the doer (many tourists). It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed).
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者（這座古老的寺廟），而非動作的執行者（許多遊客）時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。
This book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名的作家所寫的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent, which is the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動句中用來引介「施動者」（Agent），即實際執行該動作的人或事物。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗戶是被風吹破的。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was' or 'were' followed by the past participle (V3) of the main verb. It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. The agent (the person who did the action) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」。當我們想要強調動作的接受者或動作本身，而非執行者時，就會使用被動語態。若要指出動作的執行者，會在後面加上介系詞「by」。
This beautiful house was built by my grandfather.
這棟美麗的房子是我祖父建造的。
EN： The demonstrative adjective 'these' is used to point to plural nouns that are close to the speaker in distance or time. It must agree in number with the plural noun it modifies (e.g., 'these cookies').
中文： 指示形容詞「these」（這些）用來指代在空間或時間上距離說話者較近的複數名詞。它必須與所修飾的複數名詞在單複數上保持一致（例如：「these cookies」）。
These books on the table are mine.
桌上的這些書是我的。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, home-baked goods, especially those made by grandmothers ('grandma'), carry a strong connotation of warmth, comfort, and family love. Sharing 'grandma's cookies' is a common way to express hospitality and affection.
中文： 在英語系國家中，手作烘焙點心（尤其是奶奶「grandma」做的）往往象徵著溫暖、療癒與家人的愛。分享「奶奶做的餅乾」是表達熱情好客與關愛的一種非常經典且溫馨的方式。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the person or thing that experiences an action, rather than the one performing it. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'are loved' is the present simple passive, showing that 'they' (the cookies) receive the action of being loved.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於強調承受動作的人或物，而非執行動作的主體。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「are loved」是現在簡單式的被動語態，表示「他們」（餅乾）受到喜愛。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action. Here, 'by everyone' indicates who is doing the loving.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態中用來引介「施動者」（即執行該動作的人或物）。在此處，「by everyone」指明了是誰在付出喜愛。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
這張精美海報是由我們團隊設計的。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action in the past, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was founded' indicates that the school (the subject) underwent the action of being established.
中文： 過去式被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）用於強調過去發生的動作或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「was founded」表示學校（主詞）接受了「被創立」的動作。
This house was built in 1920.
這棟房子是在 1920 年建造的。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before years, months, seasons, and centuries to indicate a specific period of time.
中文： 介系詞「in」用於年份、月份、季節和世紀之前，以表示特定的時間段。
He graduated in 2015.
他於 2015 年畢業。
EN： Passive Voice (Past Simple): Used to focus on the person or thing affected by an action, rather than the one performing the action. The structure is 'Subject + was/were + past participle (+ by + agent)'.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態：用於將焦點放在承受動作的人或事物上，而非執行動作的主體。其結構為「主詞 + was/were + 過去分詞 (+ by + 動作執行者)」。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗戶是被風吹破的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice is used to describe actions that are facts, habits, or general truths, where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3).
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態用於描述事實、習慣或普遍真理，此時焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。
Spanish is spoken in many South American countries.
西班牙文在許多南美洲國家被使用。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before countries, continents, or large geographical areas to indicate location.
中文： 介系詞「in」用於國家、洲或大型地理區域之前，以表示所處的位置。
They live in Canada.
他們住在加拿大。
EN： English is often referred to as a 'lingua franca' (a common language used for communication between people who do not share a native language) because of its widespread use in global business, science, and travel.
中文： 英文常被稱為「通用語」（lingua franca，指母語不同的人們之間用來溝通的共同語言），因為它在全球商業、科學和旅遊中被廣泛使用。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe regular actions, habits, or general truths where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. Structure: Subject + am/is/are + past participle (V3).
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於描述規律發生的動作、習慣或客觀事實，此時焦點在於動作本身或承受動作的對象，而非執行動作的人。結構為：主詞 + am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)。
The trash is collected every Tuesday.
垃圾在每週二會被清運。
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency 'every morning': Used to indicate how often an action occurs. It typically appears at the end of the sentence to modify the verb phrase.
中文： 頻率副詞片語「every morning」（每天早上）：用來表示動作發生的頻率，通常放在句尾以修飾整個動詞片語。
The plants are watered every morning.
這些植物每天早上都會被澆水。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, street cleaning is a highly organized municipal service. Residents are often required to move their parked cars on specific 'street sweeping' days to avoid fines, reflecting a shared civic responsibility for neighborhood cleanliness.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，街道清潔是一項高度組織化的市政服務。居民通常被要求在特定的「街道清掃日」移開停放的車輛以避免罰款，這反映了社區共同維護整潔的公民責任。
EN： Passive Voice (Past Simple): Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). The agent (doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態：用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。其結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」。動作的執行者則由介系詞「by」引導。
This house was built by my grandfather in 1950.
這棟房子是我祖父在 1950 年建造的。
EN： Indefinite Article 'a': Used before singular, countable nouns that start with a consonant sound to refer to a non-specific person or thing.
中文： 不定冠詞「a」：用於以子音開頭的單數可數名詞前，表示非特定的某個人或事物。
She wants to become a teacher.
她想成為一名老師。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this sentence, 'is held' is the passive form of 'hold' (to organize/conduct).
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。在本句中，「is held」是動詞「hold」（舉辦、舉行）的被動語態形式。
The meeting is held in the main conference room.
會議在主會議室舉行。
EN： The word 'every' is used with a singular noun (like 'spring') to express how often something happens regularly.
中文： 單字「every」（每個）與單數名詞（如「spring」）連用，用來表示某事定期發生的頻率。
The train departs every hour.
火車每小時出發一班。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle' (is kept). It is used here because the receiver of the action (history) is the main focus of the sentence, rather than the agent performing the action.
中文： 被動語態由「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」（is kept）構成。這裡使用被動語態是因為動作的接受者（歷史）是句子的焦點，而非執行動作的主體。
Many secrets are kept in this old library.
這座舊圖書館裡藏著許多秘密。
EN： 'So much' is used with uncountable nouns (like 'history') to emphasize a large quantity or degree.
中文： 「So much」與不可數名詞（如「history」）連用，用以強調數量之多或程度之深。
There is so much traffic on the highway today.
今天高速公路上的車流量真大。
EN： The passive construction 'be known for' is used to describe what someone or something is famous or recognized for. 'For' is a preposition followed by the reason or characteristic of their fame.
中文： 被動結構「be known for」（以……而聞名）用於描述某人或某事因何特徵或原因而廣為人知。介系詞「for」後面接其聞名的原因或特色。
The city is known for its beautiful beaches.
這座城市以其美麗的沙灘而聞名。
EN： The possessive determiner 'its' is used to show that something belongs to or is associated with a non-human thing, animal, or place (in this case, 'our town'). Do not confuse it with 'it's' (it is).
中文： 所有格限定詞「its」（它的）用於表示某物屬於非人類的事物、動物或地方（在此指「我們的小鎮」）。請勿與「it's」（it is 的縮寫）混淆。
The dog wagged its tail happily.
那隻狗高興地搖著尾巴。
EN： Night markets are a central part of social and culinary life in Taiwan and many other Asian cultures. They are vibrant hubs where locals and tourists gather to enjoy street food, play games, and shop for affordable goods.
中文： 夜市是台灣及許多亞洲國家社交與飲食文化的核心。夜市充滿活力，是當地居民和遊客聚集享受街頭小吃、玩遊戲和購買平價商品的重要場所。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here to show that the market does not open itself, but is opened by the people who run it. 'Is opened' represents a regular, present-tense passive action.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）在此處用來表示市場並非自己開啟，而是被經營者打開。「is opened」代表一個規律性、現在時態的被動動作。
The school gate is locked every night at ten o'clock.
學校大門在每天晚上十點鐘會被鎖上。
EN： Prepositions of time: 'every evening' acts as an adverbial phrase of frequency (no preposition needed), while 'at' is used before specific clock times (e.g., 'at six o'clock').
中文： 時間介係詞的使用：「every evening」（每個傍晚）作為頻率副詞片語使用（前面不需加介係詞），而介係詞「at」則用於特定的整點時間之前（例如「at six o'clock」）。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'are sold' emphasizes that the snacks are being sold, which is a regular or general truth.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於描述焦點在於動作本身或動作接受者，而非動作執行者的情況。在本句中，「are sold」（被販售）強調了小吃被販售的狀態，這是一個常態或普遍事實。
Many beautiful photos are taken in this park every day.
每天都有許多美麗的照片在這個公園裡被拍攝。
EN： The preposition 'along' is used to show movement or position in a line next to something long, such as a street, river, or path. Here, 'along the busy street' indicates the location where the snacks are sold.
中文： 介係詞「along」（沿著）用於表示在長形物體（如街道、河流或道路）旁呈線狀分佈的位置或移動方向。在這裡，「along the busy street」指出了小吃販售的具體位置。
Trees are planted along the river.
樹木沿著河流種植。
EN： In many Asian cultures, especially in Taiwan, street food and night markets are a vital part of daily life and local tourism. 'Delicious snacks' (often referred to as 'xiaochi' in Chinese) represent a rich culinary heritage where small, affordable portions allow people to try a wide variety of dishes along a single street.
中文： 在許多亞洲文化中（特別是在台灣），街頭小吃和夜市是日常生活與在地觀光至關重要的一部分。「Delicious snacks」（美味小吃，中文常稱「小吃」）代表了豐富的飲食文化，其分量小巧且價格親民，讓民眾能沿著一條街品嚐到各式各樣的特色美食。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action in the past, rather than who performed it. In this sentence, 'was built' emphasizes the construction of the bridge.
中文： 過去式被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）用於強調過去發生的動作或動作的接受者，而非動作的執行者。在本句中，「was built」（被建造）強調了橋樑的建設本身。
This school was founded in 1950.
這間學校創立於 1950 年。
EN： The word 'over' is used as a preposition meaning 'more than' to indicate a quantity or time period that exceeds a specific number.
中文： 「over」在此處用作介系詞，意思是「超過」或「多於」，用來表示數量或時間超過了某個特定的數字。
He has lived in this city for over ten years.
他在這座城市已經住了十多年了。
EN： The passive voice is constructed using 'be + past participle' (is crossed). It is used here to shift the focus of the sentence from the active doers (thousands of visitors) to the receiver of the action (the bridge, represented by 'It').
中文： 被動語態由「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」（is crossed）構成。在這裡使用被動語態，是為了將句子的焦點從主動執行者（數以千計的遊客）轉移到動作的接受者（即代表橋樑的「It」）。
The old temple is visited by many tourists.
這座古老的寺廟有許多遊客到訪。
EN： The phrase 'thousands of' is used to express a large, indefinite number. Note that 'thousands' is plural and must be followed by 'of' and a plural noun.
中文： 片語「thousands of」用於表達一個龐大且不確定的數量（數以千計的）。請注意，「thousands」必須使用複數形式，後面接「of」以及複數名詞。
Thousands of stars are visible in the night sky.
夜空中可以看到數以千計的星星。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to focus on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'is decorated' shows that the temple receives the action of decorating.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於將焦點放在動作的接受者而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「is decorated」（被裝飾）表示寺廟是接受裝飾動作的主體。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN： Preposition 'with' for Instruments/Means: The preposition 'with' is used to indicate the tool, instrument, or material used to perform an action. Here, 'with beautiful red lanterns' specifies what was used to decorate the temple.
中文： 介系詞「with」表示工具或媒介：介系詞「with」在此處用於指出用來執行某動作的工具、儀器或材料。這裡的「with beautiful red lanterns」（用美麗的紅燈籠）明確指出了裝飾寺廟所使用的材料。
The cake is covered with sweet chocolate frosting.
這蛋糕上覆蓋著甜甜的巧克力糖霜。
EN： Red lanterns are a traditional symbol of joy, good fortune, and prosperity in Chinese culture. They are commonly used to decorate temples, streets, and homes during major festivals like the Lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival.
中文： 在華人文化中，紅燈籠是喜慶、好運與繁榮的傳統象徵。在農曆新年和元宵節等重大節日期間，人們常用紅燈籠來裝飾寺廟、街道和住宅。
EN： The passive voice is formed using 'be + past participle' (V-pp). It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'is held' is the present simple passive voice of the verb 'hold' (to organize or conduct an event).
中文： 被動語態由「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp)」構成。當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要時，就會使用被動語態。在本句中，「is held」是動詞「hold」（舉辦、舉行）的一般現在時被動語態。
The annual meeting is held in the main conference room.
年會是在主會議室舉行的。
EN： Adverbials of frequency or time like 'every spring' are used to describe how often an action occurs. They are typically placed at the end of the sentence to provide temporal context without disrupting the main clause structure.
中文： 像「every spring」（每年春天）這類的頻率或時間副詞片語，用來描述動作發生的頻率。它們通常放在句尾，以提供時間背景，而不會打亂主句的結構。
The flowers bloom every spring.
這些花每年春天都會開放。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'are sung' and 'are performed' are present simple passive forms, indicating regular or general truths.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物，而非執行者。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「are sung」（被歌唱）與「are performed」（被表演）皆為現在簡單式的被動語態，用來表示常態性或普遍的事實。
English is spoken in many countries.
英文在許多國家被使用（說）。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses of equal grammatical rank. Here, it links two complete passive sentences to describe simultaneous or related activities during a festival.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」（而且、並且）用於連接兩個語法地位平等的獨立子句。在此處，它連結了兩個完整的被動語態子句，用以描述慶典中同時發生或相關聯的活動。
The food was prepared, and the drinks were served.
食物準備好了，飲料也送上了。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action. In this sentence, 'is loved and shared' is a compound passive verb phrase where two past participles share the same auxiliary verb 'is'.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者時。在本句中，「is loved and shared」是一個複合被動動詞片語，兩個過去分詞共享同一個助動詞「is」。
The local traditions are preserved and celebrated by the community.
當地的傳統受到社區的保護與慶祝。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action). Here, 'everyone' is the agent performing the actions of loving and sharing.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態句子中用於引介施動者（執行該動作的人或物）。在此處，「everyone」（每個人）是執行喜愛與分享動作的施動者。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
這張精美的海報是由我們團隊設計的。
EN： Passive Voice in Questions with 'by': In English, when we want to ask who performed an action in the passive voice, we use 'Who' at the beginning of the sentence and place the preposition 'by' at the end. The structure is 'Who + be verb + subject + past participle (V-pp) + by?'.
中文： 被動語態疑問句與介系詞 'by' 的用法：在英語中，若想用被動語態詢問某動作是由誰完成的，我們會將疑問詞 'Who' 放在句首，並將介系詞 'by' 放在句尾。其結構為「Who + be動詞 + 主詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp) + by？」。
Who was this letter written by?
這封信是誰寫的？
EN： Simple Past Passive Voice: The passive voice in the simple past tense is formed using 'was' or 'were' followed by the past participle (V-pp) of the main verb. It is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 簡單過去式的被動語態：簡單過去式的被動語態是由「was」或「were」加上主要動詞的過去分詞（V-pp）所構成。它用於強調動作的接受者，而非動作的執行者。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗戶是被風吹破的。
EN： In English, asking 'Who was this cake made by?' (passive) sounds very natural when the focus is on the cake itself (for example, when admiring its appearance). In contrast, the active voice 'Who made this cake?' is also common but places more direct emphasis on the person who did the baking.
中文： 在英語中，當焦點放在蛋糕本身（例如欣賞其外觀）時，使用被動語態「Who was this cake made by?」聽起來非常自然。相比之下，主動語態「Who made this cake?」也很常用，但它更直接地將焦點放在烘焙蛋糕的人身上。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The doer of the action is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (V-pp)」。它用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。若要提及動作的執行者，會使用介係詞「by」來引導。
The book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名的作家所寫的。
EN： Time expressions like 'this morning' function as adverbial modifiers of time. They are typically placed at the end of a sentence to specify when the action occurred in the past.
中文： 像「this morning（今天早上）」這樣的時間表達語，在句中作為時間副詞修飾語。它們通常放在句尾，用來明確指出過去動作發生的時間點。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Tense (was/were + past participle): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. The agent (the person who did the action) is introduced with the preposition 'by'. Since 'photos' is plural, the plural past tense auxiliary 'were' is used with the past participle 'taken'.
中文： 過去式被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）：當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要時使用。執行動作的人（行為主體）由介係詞「by」引導。因為「photos」（照片）是複數，所以使用複數過去式助動詞「were」搭配過去分詞「taken」。
These letters were written by my grandfather.
這些信是我祖父寫的。
EN： Tag Questions (..., right?): A common informal way to turn a statement into a question to confirm information or seek agreement. It is placed at the end of the sentence and spoken with a rising intonation.
中文： 附加問句（..., right?）：一種常見的非正式用法，將陳述句轉化為問句，用以確認資訊或尋求同意。它放在句子末尾，並以升調讀出。
You are coming to the party, right?
你會來參加派對，對吧？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, using 'right?' at the end of a sentence is a very common, friendly, and informal way to seek confirmation. It is less formal than traditional tag questions like 'weren't they?' and is widely used in daily conversations.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在句尾加上「right?」是一種非常常見、友善且非正式的尋求確認方式。它比傳統的附加問句（例如 'weren't they?'）更為口語化，在日常對話中被廣泛使用。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'were taken' indicates that the photos (they) underwent the action of being taken.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」。當說話者的焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物，而非執行者時，會使用此句型。在本句中，「were taken」表示照片（they）接受了「被拍攝」的動作。
The keys were found under the sofa yesterday.
鑰匙昨天在沙發下被找到了。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to specify a precise location, point in space, or a specific event/social gathering (e.g., 'at the school fair', 'at the party').
中文： 介係詞「at」用於指定一個精確的地點、空間中的某個點，或是特定的活動與社交聚會（例如：「在學校園遊會」、「在派對上」）。
We met some old friends at the music festival.
我們在音樂祭上遇到了一些老朋友。
EN： A 'school fair' (or school festival/carnival) is a common event in many English-speaking countries, featuring games, food stalls, and exhibitions. It is a social highlight of the school year where students, parents, and the local community gather, making it a popular setting for taking memorable photos.
中文： 「school fair」（學校園遊會或校慶遊藝會）是許多英語系國家學校的常見活動，通常包含遊戲攤位、食品販售和成果展覽。這是學年中的社交重頭戲，學生、家長和社區居民都會共襄盛舉，因此也是拍攝紀念照片的熱門場景。
EN： Passive Voice in Present Simple Questions: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. To form a yes/no question in the present simple passive, we invert the auxiliary verb 'be' (am/is/are) and the subject, followed by the past participle of the main verb: 'Is/Are + subject + past participle?'
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態疑問句：被動語態用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。要形成現在簡單式被動語態的 Yes/No 疑問句，我們需要將助動詞「be」（am/is/are）與主詞位置對調，後面接主要動詞的過去分詞，結構為：「Is/Are + 主詞 + 過去分詞？」
Are these letters delivered every afternoon?
這些信件每天下午都會被投遞嗎？
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency 'every day': 'Every day' (written as two words) functions as an adverbial phrase of frequency, indicating how often an action occurs. It is typically placed at the end of the sentence.
中文： 頻率副詞片語「every day」：「every day」（寫成兩個單字）作為頻率副詞片語，用來表示動作發生的頻率，通常放在句子的末尾。注意不要與單一單字的形容詞「everyday」（日常的）混淆。
The museum is closed every Monday.
這間博物館每週一不開放。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. The agent (doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。執行動作的人或物（施動者）則由介係詞「by」引導。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN： In many English-speaking schools, students are responsible for keeping their personal spaces tidy, but major cleaning is often done by professional custodial staff. However, in some cultures (like Japan or Taiwan), students cleaning their own classrooms daily is a standard part of the character-building curriculum.
中文： 在許多英語系國家的學校中，學生負責維持個人空間的整潔，但主要的打掃工作通常由專業的清潔人員（custodial staff）負責。然而，在某些文化（如日本或台灣）中，學生每天打掃自己的教室是培養品格教育的標準課程之一。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (the prizes) rather than the doer (the principal). It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-3). In this past tense sentence, 'were' is used because 'prizes' is plural.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者（獎品），而非動作的執行者（校長）。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-3)」。在本句的過去式中，因為「prizes」是複數，所以使用「were」。
The letters were written by the manager.
這些信件是由經理寫的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent, which is the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態中用於引介「施動者」，即實際執行該動作的人或事物。
This beautiful cake was made by Hana.
這個漂亮的蛋糕是由哈娜做的。
EN： In many English-speaking schools, the principal (or headteacher) is the highest-ranking administrator and traditionally presents major awards or prizes at official assemblies or graduation ceremonies to show recognition and respect.
中文： 在許多英語系國家的學校中，校長（principal 或 headteacher）是最高行政主管，傳統上會在正式集會或畢業典禮上親自頒發重要獎項或獎品，以示對學生的重視與鼓勵。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (the poster) rather than the doer. It is formed with 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this past tense sentence, 'was' is used because 'This poster' is singular.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於強調動作本身或接受動作的對象（海報），而非執行動作的人。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。在本句的過去式中，因為「This poster」為單數，所以使用「was」。
This cake was made by Hana.
這個蛋糕是由哈娜做的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action).
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態的句子中，用來引介動作的執行者（即發出該動作的人或事物）。
These photos were taken by Leo.
這些照片是由里奧拍攝的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is seen' focuses on 'our hard work' being recognized.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「is seen」將焦點放在「我們的努力」（our hard work）被看見、被認可這件事上。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
這間教室每天下午都由學生們打掃。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action). Here, 'by everyone' indicates who is doing the seeing.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態中用來引介施動者（即執行該動作的人或物）。在此處，「by everyone」指明了是「每個人」看見的。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
這張精美海報是由我們團隊設計的。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be' + past participle (V-pp). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are remembered' is the present simple passive voice.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）的結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-pp)」。當說話者的焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物，而非執行者時，就會使用被動語態。在本句中，「are remembered」是現在簡單式的被動語態。
These books are read by millions of people.
這些書被數百萬人閱讀。
EN： Adverbs of frequency (such as 'always', 'usually', 'often') are typically placed after the 'be' verb in a sentence.
中文： 頻率副詞（如 'always'、'usually'、'often'）在句子中的位置，通常會放在 be 動詞之後、一般動詞之前。在本句中，'always' 放在 be 動詞 'are' 的後面。
She is always cheerful in the morning.
她早上總是精神奕奕。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 創立，創辦（動詞 found 的過去分詞）
在本文中： 節日，慶典
在本文中： 熱鬧的，充滿生氣的
在本文中： 傳統的
在本文中： 表演，演出（動詞 perform 的過去分詞）
在本文中： 文化
在本文中： 校長
在本文中： 設計（動詞 design 的過去分詞）
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Famous or well-known because of a particular feature or characteristic.
以……聞名
A street market which operates at night and sells food, clothing, and other goods.
夜市
An event held at a school, typically featuring games, stalls, and entertainment to raise money or celebrate.
學校園遊會