EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who won the speech contest' modifies the noun 'the girl'. 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾人的關係子句（形容詞子句）。在本句中，「who won the speech contest」修飾名詞「the girl」（女孩）。「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
I know the boy who plays the piano very well.
我認識那位鋼琴彈得很好的男孩。
EN： The simple past tense (won) is used here within the relative clause to describe an action that was completed in the past.
中文： 在關係子句中使用簡單過去式（won），用來描述過去已經完成的動作或事件。
She married the man who saved her life.
她嫁給了那位救了她一命的男人。
EN： Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that describes a person (the student). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'sits'.
中文： 主格關係代名詞：關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾人（the student）的關係子句。在此子句中，「who」擔任動詞「sits」的主詞。
The teacher who lives next door is very friendly.
住在隔壁的那位老師非常友善。
EN： Preposition of Place 'beside': 'Beside' is a preposition meaning 'at the side of' or 'next to'. It is used to indicate physical proximity.
中文： 地方介係詞「beside」：「beside」是介係詞，意為「在...旁邊」或「緊鄰」。用於表示物理位置上的接近。
Please sit beside me during the movie.
看電影時請坐在我旁邊。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that describes a non-human noun (the club). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which meets every Friday'.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句），用來修飾非人的名詞（the club）。在此句子中，「which」在關係子句「which meets every Friday」中擔任主詞的角色。
I bought a book which explains the history of art.
我買了一本解釋藝術史的書。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to describe a regular schedule or habit. The verb 'meets' is in the singular form because the subject 'which' refers to the singular noun 'the club'.
中文： 這裡使用現在簡單式來描述規律的日程或習慣。動詞「meets」使用單數形式，因為其主詞「which」代表的是單數名詞「the club」。
The train leaves every morning at six.
這班火車每天早上六點出發。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'the bag'). Since 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'lost' in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句），用來修飾非人的名詞（在此句中為「the bag」）。由於「which」在關係子句中擔任動詞「lost」的受格，在非正式英語中可以省略。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： The simple past tense (e.g., 'lost') is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past, often accompanied by a past time expression like 'last week'.
中文： 簡單過去式（例如「lost」）用於描述在過去特定時間已完成的動作，通常會伴隨過去的時間副詞，如「last week」（上週）。
They visited their grandparents last week.
他們上週拜訪了他們的祖父母。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that I lost') which modifies the noun 'the bag'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'lost'. When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English (e.g., 'the bag I lost').
中文： 關係代名詞「that」引導限定修飾關係子句（that I lost），用來修飾先行詞「the bag」（包包）。在此子句中，「that」擔任動詞「lost」的直接受格。當關係代名詞在關係子句中作受格時，在口語或非正式英文中通常可以省略（例如：the bag I lost）。
The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
我從圖書館借的那本書非常有趣。
EN： The subject of the main clause is 'the bag' (singular), which is modified by the relative clause 'that I lost'. Therefore, the main verb must agree with the singular subject, using 'is' instead of 'are'. Make sure not to get confused by the pronoun 'I' right before the verb.
中文： 主句的主詞是單數的「the bag」（包包），中間插入了關係子句「that I lost」進行修飾。因此，主句的主要動詞必須與單數主詞一致，使用「is」而非「are」。注意不要被緊鄰動詞前面的代名詞「I」所干擾。
The coffee that you made is cold.
你泡的那杯咖啡已經涼了。
EN： Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that describes a person (the subject of the clause). In this sentence, 'who helped us' describes 'The boy'.
中文： 主格關係子句：關係代名詞「who」用來引導修飾人（作為該子句主詞）的關係子句。在此句子中，「who helped us」修飾先行詞「The boy」（男孩）。
The girl who won the race is my sister.
贏得比賽的那個女孩是我妹妹。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Clauses: When a relative clause modifies a singular subject ('The boy'), the main verb of the sentence must also agree with that singular subject ('is').
中文： 關係子句的主詞與動詞一致性：當關係子句修飾單數主詞（The boy）時，句子的主要動詞也必須與該單數主詞一致（使用 is）。
The book which is on the table belongs to me.
桌上的那本書是我的。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used here as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause ('that changed my mind') modifying the noun 'book'. It connects two ideas: 'I read a book' and 'The book changed my mind'.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」在此處作為主格關係代名詞，用來引導形容詞子句（關係子句）「that changed my mind」以修飾先行詞（名詞）「book」。它將兩個概念連結在一起：「我讀了一本書」和「這本書改變 my mind」。
She bought a computer that works very fast.
她買了一台運行速度非常快的電腦。
EN： The idiom 'change one's mind' means to adopt a different opinion or decision. The verb 'change' is in the past tense ('changed') to match the past tense verb 'read' /rɛd/ in the main clause.
中文： 片語「change one's mind」意為「改變某人的想法或決定」。動詞「change」在此使用過去式（changed），以配合主句中同樣是過去式的動詞「read」（讀音為 /rɛd/）。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a person (in this case, 'the teacher'). Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is immediately followed by the verb 'teaches'.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用作主格關係代名詞，引導一個形容詞子句（關係子句）來修飾表示人的先行詞（在此句中為「the teacher」）。因為「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞，所以其後緊接動詞「teaches」。
I met a doctor who lives in New York.
我認識了一位住在紐約的醫生。
EN： The verb 'teach' is a ditransitive verb, which means it can take two objects: an indirect object (the person receiving the action, 'us') and a direct object (the thing being taught, 'science').
中文： 動詞「teach」（教導）是一個雙賓動詞（授與動詞），這意味著它可以接兩個賓語（受詞）：間接受詞（接受動作的人，即「us」）和直接受詞（被教導的事物，即「science」）。
Mr. Green teaches them English.
格林先生教他們英文。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used here as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause ('that takes great photos') modifying the noun 'the phone'. Since 'the phone' is singular, the verb in the relative clause 'takes' must also be singular.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」在此處作為主格關係代名詞，用來引導形容詞子句（關係子句）「that takes great photos」以修飾先行詞「the phone」（手機）。因為先行詞為單數，所以關係子句中的動詞「takes」也必須使用單數動詞。
This is the book that inspires me the most.
這就是那本最啟發我的書。
EN： The verb 'take' is collocated with 'photos' to mean capturing images. The adjective 'great' is used to describe the high quality of the photos.
中文： 動詞「take」與「photos」搭配，表示「拍照、攝影」。形容詞「great」在此處用來形容照片的品質非常好。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who speaks five languages' modifies the noun 'a man'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'speaks'.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾「人」的關係子句（形容詞子句）。在本句中，「who speaks five languages」修飾名詞「a man」。由於「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞，因此其後直接接動詞「speaks」。
I know a girl who plays the piano beautifully.
我認識一個鋼琴彈得很棒的女孩。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses: When a relative pronoun (who/which/that) is the subject of a relative clause, the verb must agree in number with its antecedent (the noun being modified). Here, 'who' refers to 'a man' (singular), so the verb 'speaks' takes the singular ending '-s'.
中文： 關係子句中的主詞與動詞一致性：當關係代名詞（who/which/that）在關係子句中作主詞時，動詞的單複數必須與先行詞（被修飾的名詞）一致。在此處，「who」指的是單數的「a man」，因此動詞「speaks」要使用單數動詞變化（加 -s）。
They are the students who study hard every day.
他們是每天努力讀書的學生。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (the movie). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'saw' in the relative clause 'which we saw'. Because it is an object relative pronoun, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾非人的名詞（the movie）。在本句中，「which」在關係子句「which we saw」中擔任動詞「saw」的受格。因為它是受格關係代名詞，在非正式英語中可以省略。
The book which you lent me was very interesting.
你借我的那本書非常有趣。
EN： The past simple tense of the verb 'to be' (was) is used here because the main action and the state of being (the movie being amazing) occurred in the past. The subject of 'was' is the singular noun 'The movie'.
中文： 此處使用 be 動詞的過去簡單式「was」，因為主要動作與狀態（電影很棒）都發生在過去。動詞「was」的主詞是單數名詞「The movie」。
The weather yesterday was beautiful.
昨天的天氣非常好。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who work hard') that modifies the subject noun 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'work'.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾關係子句（「who work hard」），用來修飾主詞名詞「People」（人們）。在此子句中，「who」擔任動詞「work」的主詞。
Students who study daily get better grades.
每天讀書的學生會取得更好的成績。
EN： Adverbs of frequency like 'usually' are typically placed before the main verb (in this case, 'succeed') but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb.
中文： 頻率副詞（如「usually」）通常放在一般動詞（在此為「succeed」）之前，但放在助動詞或 be 動詞之後。
He usually drinks coffee in the morning.
他通常在早上喝咖啡。
EN： This sentence reflects the strong cultural value of 'work ethic' in English-speaking societies, where individual effort and hard work are traditionally seen as the primary drivers of personal success.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家中對於「工作倫理」的強烈文化價值觀，傳統上人們認為個人的努力與辛勤工作是通往成功的主要驅動力。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) modifying the noun 'clubs'. In this sentence, 'that' acts as the object of the verb 'join' in the relative clause. When the relative pronoun serves as an object, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句），用來修飾先行詞（名詞）「clubs」（社團）。在此句子中，「that」在關係子句中擔任動詞「join」的受格。當關係代名詞擔任受格時，在非正式英語中通常可以省略。
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'join').
中文： 情態助動詞「can」用來表示能力或可能性。其後必須接原形動詞（在此處為「join」）。
She can speak three languages fluently.
她能流利地說三種語言。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, extracurricular activities and school clubs (such as sports, music, drama, and debate) play a crucial role in student life and college admissions, encouraging students to explore diverse interests outside the classroom.
中文： 在許多英語系國家中，課外活動與學校社團（如體育、音樂、戲劇和辯論）在學生生活與大學申請中扮演著至關重要的角色，鼓勵學生在課堂之外探索多元的興趣。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using ', which') are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. The sentence remains grammatically complete even if this clause is removed.
中文： 非限定關係子句（使用「, which」）用於對先行詞（名詞）進行補充說明，提供非必要的額外資訊。即使將此子句刪除，主要子句的語意依然完整。
He lives in London, which is the capital of the UK.
他住在倫敦，那是英國的首都。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used to indicate membership or participation in a group, club, or organization.
中文： 介係詞「in」在此處用於表示加入或屬於某個團體、社團或組織的成員身份。
She is in the school choir.
她是學校合唱團的成員。
EN： Subject Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that modifies the subject 'The teacher'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'leads'.
中文： 主格關係子句（形容詞子句）：關係代名詞「who」用來引導一個修飾主詞「The teacher」的子句。在這個子句中，「who」充當動詞「leads」的主詞。
The student who won the race is my cousin.
贏得比賽的那位學生是我的表弟。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Pronouns: When the relative pronoun 'who' refers to a singular noun ('The teacher'), the verb inside the relative clause must also be singular ('leads').
中文： 關係代名詞的主詞與動詞一致性：當關係代名詞「who」代替單數名詞（「The teacher」）時，關係子句中的動詞也必須使用單數動詞（「leads」）。
The man who lives next door is a doctor.
住在隔壁的那位男子是一位醫生。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person or people (in this case, 'students'). 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾人（在此指「students」）。「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
I know a teacher who speaks four languages.
我認識一位會說四種語言的老師。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed directly by an object (noun/pronoun) to indicate who receives the assistance. In this sentence, 'helps' is in the simple present tense, matching the third-person singular subject 'She'.
中文： 動詞「help」（幫助）後面可以直接接賓語（名詞或代名詞），表示接受幫助的人。在本句中，「helps」為現在簡單式，以配合第三人稱單數主詞「She」。
He helps his brother with his homework every day.
他每天都幫助他的弟弟做功課。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used here as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause ('that show our school spirit') modifying the noun 'posters'. Since 'posters' is plural, the verb 'show' in the relative clause is also in the plural form.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」在此處用作主格關係代名詞，引導形容詞子句（關係子句）「that show our school spirit」來修飾先行詞（名詞）「posters」（海報）。由於先行詞「posters」是複數，因此關係子句中的動詞「show」也使用複數形。
I bought a book that explains the history of art.
我買了一本解釋藝術史的書。
EN： The simple past tense ('made') is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past ('Last week').
中文： 簡單過去式（在此為「made」）用於描述在過去特定時間（如「Last week」上週）已經完成的動作。
Yesterday we visited a museum that has many ancient artifacts.
昨天我們參觀了一家擁有許多古代文物的博物館。
EN： In American and many Western schools, 'school spirit' (enthusiasm and support for one's school) is highly valued. Students often express this through pep rallies, wearing school colors, and making posters for sports events or clubs.
中文： 在美國及許多西方學校中，「school spirit」（學校精神/校風認同感）非常受到重視。學生通常會透過參加誓師大會（pep rallies）、穿著代表學校顏色的衣服，以及為體育賽事或社團製作海報來展現對學校的熱愛與支持。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a plural human noun ('The students'). The clause 'who painted the best ones' describes which specific students we are talking about.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」在此作為主格關係代名詞，用來引導形容詞子句（關係子句），修飾複數的人稱名詞「The students」（學生們）。子句「who painted the best ones」限定並說明我們指的是哪些特定的學生。
The people who live next door are very friendly.
住在隔壁的人們非常友善。
EN： The pronoun 'ones' is a substitute pronoun used to avoid repeating a plural countable noun that has already been mentioned or is clear from the context (in this context, 'posters').
中文： 代名詞「ones」是用來替代前面已提過或上下文語境中明確的複數可數名詞（在此情境中指「海報 posters」），以避免字詞的重複。
I don't like the blue shoes, but I love the red ones.
我不喜歡那雙藍色的鞋子，但我很喜歡那雙紅色的。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a person (in this case, 'a boy'). The clause 'who plays in the music club' describes and provides more information about the boy.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用作主格關係代名詞，用來引導一個形容詞子句（關係子句）以修飾人（在此句中為「a boy」）。子句「who plays in the music club」用來修飾並提供關於該男孩的更多資訊。
I know a girl who speaks three languages.
我認識一個會說三種語言的女孩。
EN： The adverb 'also' is used to add extra information. It typically goes before the main verb (except the verb 'be'). Here, it is placed before the main verb 'know'.
中文： 副詞「also」（也）用於添加額外資訊。它通常放在一般動詞之前（be 動詞之後）。在此句中，它被置於主要動詞「know」之前。
She also wants to join the art club.
她也想加入美術社團。
EN： Subject Relative Pronoun 'who': Used to introduce a relative clause that describes a person. 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, followed immediately by a verb.
中文： 主格關係代名詞「who」：用於引導修飾人的關係子句。在此用法中，「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色，後面直接接動詞。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
她就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN： Causative/Resultative Verb 'make' + Object + Bare Infinitive: The verb 'make' can mean 'to cause someone to do something' or 'to bring about a state/action'. When followed by an object and a verb, the verb must be in its base form (bare infinitive).
中文： 使役/使然動詞「make」+ 受詞 + 原形動詞：動詞「make」可表示「使某人做某事」或「導致某種狀態/動作」。當後面接續受詞與動詞時，該動詞必須使用原形（不加 to 的不定詞）。
The sad movie made everyone cry.
那部悲傷的電影讓每個人都哭了。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Pronoun: When the relative pronoun 'that' or 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, the verb that follows must agree in number with the antecedent (the noun being described). Here, 'places' is plural, so the relative pronoun 'that' takes the plural verb 'help' (not 'helps').
中文： 關係代名詞的主動詞一致性：當關係代名詞（如 that 或 who）在關係子句中擔任主詞時，其後接的動詞單複數必須與先行詞（被修飾的名詞）一致。在此句中，先行詞 'places' 是複數，因此關係代名詞 'that' 後面接複數動詞 'help'（而非 helps）。
Books are tools that open our minds.
書本是開啟我們心靈的工具。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'help us find' uses the bare infinitive 'find', which is very common in modern English.
中文： 動詞 'help'（幫助）後面接賓語（受詞）時，其後的受詞補語可以使用不帶 to 的不定詞（原形動詞）或帶 to 的不定詞。在本句中，'help us find' 使用了原形動詞 'find'，這在現代英語中非常常見。
She helped me finish my homework.
她幫助我完成了我的作業。
EN： The subject relative clause (adjective clause) introduced by 'who' is used to modify the noun 'person'. In this structure, 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, followed immediately by the verb 'organized'.
中文： 由關係代名詞「who」引導的主格關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾先行詞「person」（人）。在此結構中，「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞，後面直接接動詞「organized」。
The teacher who inspired me has retired.
那位啟發我的老師已經退休了。
EN： The demonstrative adjective 'this' is used to point out a specific singular noun ('event') that is close in time or space to the speaker.
中文： 指示形容詞「this」（這個）用來指出在時間或空間上距離說話者較近的特定單數名詞（「event」）。
I really enjoyed this movie.
我真的很喜歡這部電影。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-restrictive relative clauses) are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas, and the relative pronoun 'who' is used for people. Unlike defining relative clauses, 'that' cannot be used here.
中文： 非限定關係子句（又稱非限制性關係子句）用於對先行詞（名詞）補充說明額外、非必要的資訊。此子句與主句之間必須用逗號隔開，指代人時使用關係代名詞「who」，且在此用法中不能用「that」代替。
I called my brother, who lives in New York.
我打給了我哥哥，他住在紐約。
EN： The verb 'teach' is a ditransitive verb, which means it can take two objects: an indirect object (usually a person, 'us') and a direct object (usually a thing, 'English'). The typical pattern is 'teach + indirect object + direct object'.
中文： 動詞「teach」（教）是雙賓語動詞（授與動詞），後面可以接兩個賓語：間接賓語（通常是指人的「us」）與直接賓語（通常是指物的「English」）。常用句型為「teach + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語」。
Mr. Smith teaches them history.
史密斯先生教他們歷史。
EN： In English-speaking academic environments, teachers are typically addressed by their title (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr.) followed by their last name (e.g., 'Ms. Chen'). Addressing a teacher simply as 'Teacher' is considered unnatural in English.
中文： 在英語系國家的學校環境中，學生通常會以尊稱（如 Mr.、Ms.、Mrs.、Dr.）加上姓氏來稱呼老師（例如「Ms. Chen」）。在英文中，直接單獨稱呼老師為「Teacher」是不符合語言習慣且不夠自然的。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'a wallet'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用來引導關係子句（形容詞子句），用以修飾非人的名詞（在此句中為「a wallet」）。在此關係子句中，它擔任主詞的角色。
She bought a book which has many beautiful illustrations.
她買了一本有很多精美插圖的書。
EN： The word 'inside' is used here as an adverb meaning 'on the inner part' or 'within'. It modifies the verb phrase 'has no name' to specify the location of the missing name.
中文： 「inside」在此處用作副詞，意思是「在裡面」或「內部」。它修飾動詞片語「has no name」，用以明確指出名字缺失的位置。
The box was empty inside.
這個盒子裡面是空的。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' (or 'which') is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun. In this sentence, 'that Leo lost yesterday' modifies the noun 'the wallet'. Since 'that' serves as the direct object of the verb 'lost' in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」（或「which」）用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句）來修飾先行詞。在本句中，「that Leo lost yesterday」修飾名詞「the wallet」（皮夾）。由於「that」在關係子句中擔任動詞「lost」的直接受格，在非正式英語中可以省略。
Is this the book that you bought last week?
這是你上週買的那本書嗎？
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'lost' is the past tense of 'lose', and it is paired with the past time adverb 'yesterday'.
中文： 簡單過去式用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作。在本句中，「lost」是動詞「lose」的過去式，並與過去時間副詞「yesterday」（昨天）連用。
They visited the museum yesterday.
他們昨天參觀了博物館。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used here to introduce a defining relative clause ('that I lost') which modifies the subject noun 'the wallet'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'lost'. Because it serves as an object, 'that' can optionally be omitted in informal speech.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」在此處引導一個限定修飾關係子句（「that I lost」），用來修飾主詞名詞「the wallet」（皮夾）。在這個子句中，「that」擔任動詞「lost」的直接受格。因為它作為受格使用，在口語中可以省略。
The book that I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.
我昨天借的那本書非常有趣。
EN： The main subject of the sentence is 'the wallet', which is a singular noun. Therefore, it takes the singular form of the linking verb 'is' to connect it to the subject complement 'brown', despite the intervening relative clause.
中文： 本句的主詞是「the wallet」（皮夾），為單數名詞。因此，儘管中間夾有關係子句，它仍須搭配單數形式的連繫動詞「is」來連接主詞補語「brown」（咖啡色的）。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject relative pronoun to introduce a defining relative clause ('who joined the trip') that describes the plural noun 'The students'. This clause specifies which students are being referred to.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」在此用作主格關係代名詞，引導限定修飾的關係子句（who joined the trip），用來修飾複數名詞「The students」（學生們）。此子句明確指出了是哪些學生。
The people who live next door are very friendly.
住在隔壁的人們非常友善。
EN： The idiom 'have fun' (past tense 'had fun') means to enjoy oneself or experience pleasure. It is followed by no preposition when used generally, but can be followed by an -ing verb to describe the enjoyable activity (e.g., 'had fun playing').
中文： 片語「have fun」（過去式為「had fun」）意為「玩得開心」或「享受樂趣」。一般使用時後面不接介系詞，但若要描述具體玩得開心的活動，後面可接動名詞（例如：had fun playing）。
We had fun at the amusement park yesterday.
我們昨天在遊樂園玩得很開心。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that describes a non-human noun ('a hobby'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which keeps me active'.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句），用來修飾非人的名詞（此處為「a hobby」）。在本句中，「which」在關係子句「which keeps me active」中擔任主詞的角色。
She bought a book which explains the history of art.
她買了一本解釋藝術史的書。
EN： The verb 'keep' can be followed by an object and an adjective (keep + object + adjective) to express the idea of maintaining someone or something in a specific state or condition.
中文： 動詞「keep」後面可以接受詞和形容詞（keep + 受詞 + 形容詞），用來表示讓某人或某物保持在特定的狀態或情況中。
Running every morning keeps him healthy.
每天早上跑步讓他保持健康。
EN： The sentence uses an imperative structure, which starts directly with a base verb ('Try') to give a suggestion, advice, or command. The subject 'you' is implied.
中文： 本句使用祈使句結構，直接以動詞原形（Try）開頭，用於提出建議、勸告或命令。省略了主詞「you」。
Take the subway to save time.
搭地鐵以節省時間。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that meets on Mondays') to modify the noun 'the dance class'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」引導限定修飾的關係子句（that meets on Mondays），用來修飾先行詞「the dance class」（舞蹈班）。在此子句中，「that」充當主詞角色。
I like the book that lies on the table.
我喜歡那本放在桌上的書。
EN： In English-speaking countries, using 'on Mondays' (plural) indicates a recurring schedule every Monday, which is a common way to describe weekly classes or routines.
中文： 在英語系國家中，使用複數形式的「on Mondays」表示每個星期一固定重複的日程，這是描述每週固定課程或例行公事時非常常見的表達方式。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a plural noun ('People'). Since 'People' is plural, the verb inside the relative clause ('try') must also be in the plural form (without -s).
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導形容詞子句（關係子句）來修飾複數名詞（People）。因為「People」是複數，所以關係子句中的動詞（try）也必須使用複數形（不加 -s）。
Students who study daily get better grades.
每天讀書的學生會取得更好的成績。
EN： The comparative adverb 'faster' is the comparative form of 'fast'. It modifies the verb 'learn' to show a higher speed or rate of learning.
中文： 比較級副詞「faster」是「fast」的比較級形式，用來修飾動詞「learn」，表示學習的速度更快。
She runs faster than her brother.
她跑得比她弟弟快。
EN： This sentence reflects a common growth mindset valued in modern Western education and professional environments, where experimentation and embracing new challenges are seen as key drivers of personal development.
中文： 這句話反映了現代西方教育與職場環境中非常推崇的「成長型思維」（growth mindset），即把勇於嘗試與迎接新挑戰視為個人成長與快速學習的關鍵驅動力。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'advice'). Since 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'remember' in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal speech.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾非人的名詞（在此句中為「advice」）。由於「which」在關係子句中擔任動詞「remember」的受格，在口語非正式表達中可以省略。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： The modal verb 'will' is used here to express a strong determination or promise to do something in the future. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'remember'.
中文： 情態助動詞「will」在此處用於表示在未來做某事的強烈決心或承諾。其後接動詞原形「remember」。
I will help you with your homework tonight.
我今晚一定會幫你寫功課。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing gratitude for advice with strong commitment (using 'will') shows high respect and appreciation for the speaker's wisdom, reinforcing social bonds.
中文： 在英語系國家中，用強烈肯定的語氣（使用「will」）對他人的建議表示感謝，展現了對說話者智慧的高度尊重與感激，有助於增進人際關係。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 比賽、競賽
在本文中： 成功、達到目的
在本文中： 有耐心的
在本文中： 改進、增進、提高
在本文中： 精神、熱情、向心力
在本文中： 興趣、愛好
在本文中： 組織、籌辦、策劃
在本文中： 活躍的、積極的、好動的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A competition in which people give speeches.
演講比賽
To adopt a different opinion or decision.
改變主意、改變想法
The feeling of pride and loyalty that students and alumni have for their school.
學校精神、校園凝聚力、愛校心
To cause someone to find something funny and laugh.
逗某人笑、讓某人發笑