EN： Adjective + that-clause (omitted 'that'): The structure 'I'm glad (that)...' is used to express the reason for an emotion. In spoken English, the conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted.
中文： 形容詞 + 子句（省略 that）：'I'm glad (that)...' 結構用於表達產生某種情緒的原因。在口語英語中，連接詞 'that' 經常被省略。
I'm happy you liked the gift I bought for you.
我很開心你喜歡我買給你的禮物。
EN： Bare Infinitive after 'come': In informal English, the word 'and' or 'to' is often omitted between 'come' and another verb (e.g., 'come visit' instead of 'come to visit').
中文： come 後接原形動詞：在非正式英語中，'come' 與另一個動詞之間的 'and' 或 'to' 常被省略（例如用 'come visit' 代替 'come to visit'）。
Can you come help me with these boxes?
你能來幫我搬這些箱子嗎？
EN： In Western culture, expressing gratitude or positive emotions ('I'm glad...') when a friend visits is a standard way to build rapport and show hospitality.
中文： 在西方文化中，當朋友來訪時，表達感激或正向情緒（如 'I'm glad...'）是建立良好關係並展現熱情好客的標準方式。
EN： Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has + been + V-ing): This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, emphasizing the duration.
中文： 現在完成進行式 (have/has + been + V-ing)：此時態用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在的動作，強調動作的持續性。
I have been waiting for the bus for thirty minutes.
我已經等公車等了三十分鐘了。
EN： Phrasal Verb 'Look forward to': This expression means to feel excited about something that is going to happen. Note that 'to' is a preposition here, so it must be followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
中文： 片語 'Look forward to' (期待)：這個表達方式意指對即將發生的事情感到興奮。請注意這裡的 'to' 是介係詞，因此後面必須接名詞或動名詞 (V-ing)。
We are looking forward to meeting you next week.
我們很期待下週與你見面。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing enthusiasm when meeting friends or planning activities is common. Using 'I've been looking forward to...' shows that you value the relationship and the time spent together.
中文： 在英語系國家中，與朋友見面或規劃活動時表達熱情是很常見的。使用「I've been looking forward to...」能展現出你很重視這段關係以及共同相處的時光。
EN： The phrase 'The thing is' is a common discourse marker used to introduce a problem, an explanation, or the most important point in a conversation.
中文： 短語 'The thing is' 是一個常見的語用標記（discourse marker），用於引出問題、解釋或對話中的重點，相當於中文的「問題是...」或「重點是...」。
The thing is, we don't have enough money to buy a new car right now.
問題是，我們現在沒有足夠的錢買新車。
EN： The phrasal verb 'figure out' means to understand or solve something after thinking about it. Here it is used in the Present Perfect tense ('have not figured out') to describe an action that hasn't been completed up to the present.
中文： 片語動詞 'figure out' 意為經過思考後「弄清楚」或「解決」某事。此處使用現在完成式（have not figured out）來描述直到目前為止尚未完成的動作。
I can't figure out how to open this bottle.
我搞不清楚要怎麼打開這個瓶子。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'Getting' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). It functions as the subject of the second sentence, representing the action of becoming lost.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字 'Getting' 是一個動名詞（動詞 + -ing 作為名詞使用）。它在第二句中擔任主詞，代表「迷路」這個行為。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
學習一門新語言會開啟許多機會。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time: The conjunction 'when' introduces a subordinate clause that provides information about the timing of the main action ('is half the fun').
中文： 時間副詞子句：連接詞 'when' 引導一個從屬子句，提供關於主要動作（'是樂趣的一半'）發生時機的資訊。
I always feel excited when I travel to a foreign country.
當我去國外旅遊時，我總是感到很興奮。
EN： The phrase 'half the fun' is a common English idiom used to suggest that the challenges or unexpected parts of an experience are just as enjoyable as the goal itself.
中文： 短語 'half the fun' 是一個常見的英文習語，用來表示某個經驗中的挑戰或意外部分，與目標本身一樣有趣。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to ask for a suggestion or recommendation. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'go'.
中文： 助動詞 'should' 在此用於徵詢建議或推薦，其後接動詞原形 'go'。
What should we eat for dinner tonight?
我們今晚晚餐該吃什麼？
EN： The phrase 'there is' (contracted as there's) is used to introduce the existence of something new in the conversation, in this case, a landmark.
中文： 句型 'there is'（縮寫為 there's）用於引入對話中新出現的事物，在此指「地標」的存在。
There's a small cafe around the corner.
轉角處有一間小咖啡館。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, starting a suggestion with 'I heard...' is a polite way to offer an idea without sounding too demanding or bossy.
中文： 在英語文化中，用 'I heard...' (我聽說...) 來開啟建議是一種禮貌的方式，可以提出想法而不會顯得過於強勢或專斷。
EN： The sentence uses a Past Participle Phrase ('built in the eighteenth century') as an adjective to modify the noun 'bridge'. This is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which was built...'.
中文： 本句使用過去分詞短語「built in the eighteenth century」作為形容詞來修飾名詞「bridge」。這是一個簡化的關係子句，由「which was built...」縮減而來。
The book written by that famous author is a bestseller.
那名知名作家所寫的書非常暢銷。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used when referring to digital platforms or surfaces like websites, blogs, or social media.
中文： 當提到網站、部落格或社交媒體等數位平台或介面時，介係詞使用「on」。
I found some great recipes on a food blog.
我在一個美食部落格上找到了一些很棒的食譜。
EN： In many European and older cities, landmarks are often categorized by the century they were built. Referring to the 'eighteenth century' (1701-1800) evokes a sense of historical significance and architectural style.
中文： 在許多歐洲或歷史悠久的城市中，地標通常按其建造世紀進行分類。提到「十八世紀」（1701-1800年）會讓人聯想到特定的歷史意義與建築風格。
EN： Indirect Questions: When a question is embedded within another sentence (e.g., 'Do you know...'), the word order changes from 'verb-subject' to 'subject-verb'. Here, 'how far the distance is' follows the statement order.
中文： 間接問句：當一個問句嵌入另一個句子中時（例如：Do you know...），語序會從「動詞-主詞」變為「主詞-動詞」。在此句中，'how far the distance is' 遵循了陳述句的語序。
Can you tell me where the station is?
你能告訴我車站站在哪裡嗎？
EN： Linking Verbs: 'Sound' is a linking verb used to describe a perception. It is followed by an adjective (amazing) rather than an adverb to describe the subject.
中文： 連綴動詞：'Sound' 是一個連綴動詞，用於描述某種感知。後面接形容詞 (amazing) 而非副詞，用來修飾主詞。
That idea sounds perfect for the party.
那個主意聽起來對派對來說很完美。
EN： Using 'Do you have any idea...?' or 'Do you know...?' is a common way to soften a question in English, making it sound more polite and less demanding than a direct question like 'How far is it?'.
中文： 在英語中，使用「Do you have any idea...?」或「Do you know...?」是弱化語氣的常用方式，這會讓詢問顯得更有禮貌，而不像直接問「How far is it?」那樣生硬。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It is used to express permission or a suggestion to perform an action.
中文： 使役動詞 'let' 後接受詞和原形不定詞（不帶 to 的動詞）。它用於表達許可或提議執行某個動作。
Let me help you with those heavy bags.
讓我幫你提那些重袋子吧。
EN： The phrase 'It looks like' is used to make a guess or state an impression based on evidence. It is often followed by a full clause (subject + verb).
中文： 短語 'It looks like' 用於根據證據進行猜測或陳述印象。它通常後面跟著一個完整的子句（主詞 + 動詞）。
It looks like it's going to rain soon.
看起來快要下雨了。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, distances are often given in kilometers or miles depending on the region (e.g., miles in the US/UK, kilometers in Canada/Australia). Using 'about' is common to show that the distance is an estimate from a digital map.
中文： 在許多英語國家，距離通常根據地區使用公里或英里（例如美國/英國使用英里，加拿大/澳洲使用公里）。使用 'about'（大約）很常見，表示這是來自電子地圖的估計值。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to indicate the source of information or a rule being followed.
中文： 介係詞短語「According to」用於表示資訊的來源或遵循的規則（根據...）。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根據天氣預報，明天會下雨。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to express a recommendation or a logical expectation based on instructions.
中文： 助動詞「should」在此處用於表達建議，或是基於指示所產生的邏輯預期（應該）。
You should check your emails regularly.
你應該定期檢查你的電子郵件。
EN： In many English-speaking cultures, giving directions involves a mix of landmarks and estimated time (e.g., 'ten minutes') rather than just precise distances, as time is often more practical for pedestrians.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，給予指引時通常會結合地標與估計時間（例如「十分鐘」），而不僅僅是精確距離，因為對行人來說，時間通常更具參考價值。
EN： The use of 'with' as a preposition of cause or circumstance. It introduces the reason or the specific condition that makes the streets confusing.
中文： 使用 'with' 作為表示原因或情況的介係詞。它引出了導致街道混亂的原因或具體條件。
The room was very bright with all the windows open.
窗戶全部打開，房間裡非常明亮。
EN： The phrase 'a bit' functions as an adverbial modifier of degree, used to soften the adjective 'confusing'. It is common in spoken English to sound less direct.
中文： 短語 'a bit' 作為程度副詞修飾語，用來緩和形容詞 'confusing' 的語氣。在英語口語中常用來使表達不那麼直接。
This task is a bit difficult for a beginner.
這項任務對初學者來說有點困難。
EN： In older European or Asian cities, 'side alleys' often refer to narrow, historical passages that aren't always marked clearly on maps, which is why they can be 'confusing' for visitors.
中文： 在古老的歐洲或亞洲城市中，「side alleys」（小巷）通常指狹窄且具歷史感的通道，地圖上不一定標示得很清楚，這也是為什麼遊客會覺得「混亂」的原因。
EN： The phrase 'After passing' uses a gerund (verb + -ing) following a preposition. This is a common way to shorten a clause when the subject of both actions is the same (we pass, we turn).
中文： 介係詞 'After' 後接動名詞 (V-ing) 結構。當前後子句的主詞相同時（我們經過、我們轉彎），可以使用此結構來簡化句子。
After finishing the report, she went home.
完成報告後，她就回家了。
EN： The modal verb 'need to' expresses necessity or requirement. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'turn'.
中文： 情態助動詞 'need to' 用於表達必要性或需求。其後接動詞原形 'turn'。
You need to wear a helmet while riding a bike.
騎腳踏車時你需要戴頭盔。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, giving directions often involves using landmarks (like a park or a specific building) rather than just street names, as it's more visual and easier for the listener to follow.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，指引方向時常會使用顯著地標（如公園或特定建築物）而不僅僅是路名，因為這對聽者來說更具視覺感且更容易跟隨。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to ask for a suggestion or to discuss the best course of action. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'walk'.
中文： 助動詞 'should' 在此用於徵詢建議或討論最佳行動方案。其後接動詞原形 'walk'。
Should we order pizza for dinner tonight?
我們今晚晚餐應該點披薩嗎？
EN： The structure 'would you prefer to [verb]' is a polite way to ask about someone's preferences between two or more options.
中文： 'would you prefer to [動詞]' 句型是用來禮貌地詢問對方在兩個或多個選項中的偏好。
Would you prefer to sit by the window or the aisle?
你比較想坐在窗邊還是走道位？
EN： In many Western cities, 'walking the whole way' is often seen as a pleasant way to explore, especially in historic districts. Using 'would you prefer' is a common way to show politeness and consideration for your companion's comfort.
中文： 在許多西方城市，「全程走路」常被視為一種愉快的探索方式，特別是在歷史區。使用 'would you prefer' 是一種常見的禮貌表達，顯示出對同伴舒適度的體貼。
EN： The phrase 'would rather' is used to express a preference for one action over another. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to').
中文： 「would rather」用於表達對某種行為的偏好，後方接原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）。
I'd rather stay home than go out in the rain.
比起冒雨出門，我更想待在家裡。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on foot' is a fixed expression meaning to walk rather than use a vehicle.
中文： 介係詞短語「on foot」是一個固定用法，意指「步行」而非搭乘交通工具。
We decided to explore the old town on foot.
我們決定步行探索這座老城。
EN： In many Western cities, especially historic ones, 'exploring on foot' is highly valued as it allows for a slower pace and the discovery of 'hidden gems' that cars or buses might miss. This reflects a cultural appreciation for 'slow travel'.
中文： 在許多西方城市（尤其是歷史悠久的城市），「徒步探索」被視為一種極佳的旅遊方式，因為這能讓人放慢步調，發現開車或搭公車會錯過的「私房景點」。這反映了文化中對「慢遊」的推崇。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific point in the past. In this sentence, the speaker's lack of thought occurred before the moment the friend mentioned the idea.
中文： 過去完成式 (had + 過去分詞)：用於描述在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成（或未發生）的動作。在此句中，說話者「沒想過」的狀態發生在朋友「提議」之前。
I had already finished my dinner before he arrived.
在他到達之前，我已經吃完晚餐了。
EN： The phrase 'that way' functions as an adverbial of manner, meaning 'in that specific manner' or 'from that perspective'. It is commonly used in conversation to refer back to a previously mentioned idea.
中文： 短語 'that way' 作為方式副詞使用，意指「以那種方式」或「從那個角度」。在對話中常用來指代前文提到的觀點或想法。
I never looked at the problem that way.
我從未以那種角度看待過這個問題。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, acknowledging that someone has given you a new perspective ('I hadn't thought about it that way') is considered a polite and active way to show you are listening and value their input.
中文： 在英語系國家中，承認對方給了你一個新的觀點（I hadn't thought about it that way）被視為一種禮貌且積極的溝通方式，顯示你正在認真傾聽並重視對方的意見。
EN： The verb 'says' is commonly used with inanimate objects like signs, books, or screens to indicate the information displayed or written on them.
中文： 動詞 'says' 常與無生命物體（如標誌、書本或螢幕）連用，用來表示其上顯示或記載的資訊，譯為「上面寫著」。
The label says this shirt is made of 100% cotton.
標籤上寫著這件襯衫是百分之百純棉的。
EN： The phrase 'from here' acts as an adverbial of place, indicating the starting point of a distance measurement.
中文： 短語 'from here' 作為地點狀語，用來表示距離測量的起點，譯為「從這裡」或「離這裡」。
The airport is about thirty minutes from here by taxi.
搭計程車到機場離這裡大約三十分鐘。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, distance is often given in meters or kilometers (metric system), but in the United States, people would more likely use 'yards' or 'miles'.
中文： 在許多英語國家，距離通常以公尺或公里（公制）表示，但在美國，人們更傾向於使用「碼」或「英哩」。
EN： The phrase 'after all' is used to emphasize that something is true despite what was previously thought or expected. It often appears at the end of a sentence.
中文： 短語 'after all'（終究、畢竟）用於強調某事是真的，儘管之前可能有過懷疑或不同的預期。通常放在句尾。
I thought it would rain, but it's a sunny day after all.
我以為會下雨，但結果終究是個晴天。
EN： The adverb 'already' is used to indicate that something has happened sooner than expected. In this sentence, it modifies the present continuous verb 'making progress'.
中文： 副詞 'already'（已經）用於表示某事比預期更早發生。在此句中，它修飾現在進行式動詞 'making progress'。
They have already finished their homework.
他們已經完成作業了。
EN： The comparative structure 'even more + adjective + than' is used to emphasize a difference between two things, where 'even' acts as an intensifier for the comparative form.
中文： 比較級結構「even more + 形容詞 + than」用於強調兩者之間的差異，其中「even」（甚至）作為比較級的加強語氣詞。
This new smartphone is even more expensive than the previous model.
這款新手機甚至比之前的型號還要貴。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here to describe an action (seeing the photos) that was completed before another point in the past (seeing the bridge in person).
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）在此用於描述在過去某個時間點（親眼看到橋）之前已經完成的動作（看過照片）。
I realized that I had seen that man somewhere before.
我意識到我以前在某個地方見過那個男人。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing enthusiasm with phrases like 'Oh wow' and using intensifiers like 'even more' is common when sightseeing to show appreciation to your host or travel companion.
中文： 在英語系國家，觀光時使用「Oh wow」等感嘆詞以及「even more」等加強語氣詞是非常常見的，這能向東道主或旅伴表現出你的興奮與對景點的欣賞。
EN： The use of 'instead of' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is a common way to express a choice made over an alternative. It functions as a prepositional phrase.
中文： 使用 'instead of' 後接動名詞 (V-ing) 是表達捨棄某個選項而選擇另一個選項的常用方式。它在句中作為介係詞短語。
I chose to study at home instead of going to the library.
我選擇在家讀書而不是去圖書館。
EN： The auxiliary verb 'does' in 'It really does' is used as a substitute for the main verb phrase from the previous sentence ('looks impressive') to avoid repetition.
中文： 在 'It really does' 中的助動詞 'does' 被用來替代前一句的主動詞短語（looks impressive），以避免重複。
He says he likes pizza, and he really does.
他說他喜歡披薩，而他確實喜歡。
EN： In many Western cities, especially historic ones, walking is often considered the best way to 'soak in' the atmosphere. The phrase 'I'm glad we...' is a common way to reinforce a shared positive experience between friends.
中文： 在許多西方城市（尤其是歷史悠久的城市），走路通常被認為是「沉浸式」體驗氛圍的最佳方式。短語 'I'm glad we...' 是加強朋友之間共同正面體驗的常用表達方式。
EN： Perfect Participle Phrase: 'Having + past participle' is used to indicate that the action in the participle phrase was completed before the action in the main clause. It emphasizes the sequence of events or provides a reason for the main clause.
中文： 完成分詞短語：使用「Having + 過去分詞」結構，用來表示分詞短語中的動作在主句動作之前已經完成。這強調了事件的先後順序，或為主句提供背景原因。
Having finished her homework, she went out to play.
完成作業後，她出去玩了。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause ('walking always reveals the best surprises') which functions as the direct object of the verb 'tell'.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：單字「that」引導一個名詞子句（walking always reveals the best surprises），該子句在句中擔任動詞「tell」的直接受詞。
I can tell you that the movie starts at eight.
我可以告訴你電影在八點開始。
EN： The phrase reflects a common Western travel philosophy that values 'slow travel' and spontaneous discovery over rigid itineraries. Walking is often seen as the most authentic way to experience the local atmosphere of European or historic cities.
中文： 這句話反映了一種常見的西方旅遊哲學，即比起死板的行程，更重視「慢遊」與自發性的發現。在歐洲或歷史悠久的城市中，步行通常被認為是體驗當地氛圍最道地的方式。
EN： The phrase 'Let's' is a contraction of 'let us,' used to make a suggestion or proposal for a joint action. It is followed by the base form of the verb.
中文： 「Let's」是「let us」的縮寫，用於提出共同行動的建議或提議。其後接動詞原形。
Let's try that new Italian restaurant tonight.
我們今晚去試試那家新的義大利餐廳吧。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used here as an adjective phrase to modify the noun 'landmark,' indicating the purpose or intended action related to that noun.
中文： 「不定詞」（to + 動詞）在此作為形容詞片語，用來修飾名詞「landmark」（地標），表示與該名詞相關的目的或預定行動。
I need a quiet place to study for my exams.
我需要一個安靜的地方來準備考試。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, 'I completely agree' is a common way to build rapport and show enthusiasm during a conversation. Using 'Let's' is a friendly, egalitarian way to suggest plans, making the other person feel included in the decision-making process.
中文： 在英語系國家中，「I completely agree」是建立良好關係並在對話中展現熱情的常用方式。使用「Let's」是一種友善且平等的建議方式，能讓對方感到自己也參與了決策過程。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 城市的佈局、規劃或設計方式
在本文中： 地標，指容易辨識的建築物或地理特徵
在本文中： 第十八的（指十八世紀）
在本文中： 十字路口，道路交會處
在本文中： 令人困惑的，難以理解的
在本文中： 小巷，巷弄
在本文中： 準確的，精確無誤的
在本文中： 令人印象深刻的，壯觀的
在本文中： 展現，揭露（隱藏的事物）
在本文中： 隱藏的，不為人知的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
期待，盼望
To understand or solve something after thinking about it.
弄清楚，想出辦法
By walking rather than using a vehicle.
步行，走路
Despite what was expected or thought before.
終究，畢竟，到底還是
To lose one's way.
迷路
The spatial arrangement and organization of streets, buildings, and public spaces in an urban area.
城市佈局
Secondary or minor narrow streets that branch off from a main thoroughfare.
側巷 / 小巷