EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (have + 過去分詞)：用於描述過去某個不特定時間發生的動作，且該動作與現在有結果上的關聯或重要性。
They have opened a new restaurant in the city.
他們在城市裡開了一家新餐廳。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers: 'From New York' and 'in the Dominican Republic' provide specific details about the subject and the location of the action.
中文： 介係詞短語作為修飾語：「From New York」和「in the Dominican Republic」分別為句子的主詞和動作發生的地點提供了具體細節。
The girl from London is studying in Paris.
那位來自倫敦的女孩正在巴黎讀書。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican-Americans, returning to invest in their ancestral homeland is a way to bridge their dual identities and support local economic development.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上主要的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加裔美國人來說，回到祖籍國投資是連結雙重身份並支持當地經濟發展的一種方式。
EN： Relative Clauses with 'who': A relative clause provides more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Who' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to people and acts as the subject of the clause.
中文： 使用 'who' 的關係子句：關係子句用於提供關於名詞（先行詞）的更多資訊。'Who' 作為關係代名詞，用來指代「人」，並在子句中擔任主詞。
I know a teacher who lives in New York.
我認識一位住在紐約的老師。
EN： The Subject-Verb-Complement (SVC) structure: In this sentence, 'are' is a linking verb connecting the subject (Janett and Erika) to the subject complement (the daughters), which describes who they are.
中文： 主詞-動詞-補語 (SVC) 結構：在此句子中，'are' 是一個連綴動詞，將主詞 (Janett and Erika) 與主詞補語 (the daughters) 連結起來，用以描述她們的身分。
They are students from a local college.
他們是來自當地學院的學生。
EN： The Dominican diaspora in the United States, particularly in New York City (Queens and Washington Heights), is one of the largest immigrant groups. Many maintain strong ties to their homeland, often investing back into the Dominican economy, as seen with the Liriano sisters.
中文： 在美國的多明尼加移民群體，特別是在紐約市（皇后區和華盛頓高地），是最大的移民群體之一。許多人與家鄉保持著緊密的聯繫，並經常回饋多明尼加的經濟，正如 Liriano 姐妹所做的那樣。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the subject receives the action. Here, 'were encouraged' shows the parents performed the action of encouraging.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：用於主詞是動作的接受者時。這裡的「were encouraged」表示父母是執行鼓勵動作的人。
The students were inspired by the guest speaker.
學生們受到客座講師的啟發。
EN： Compound Predicate: A sentence where one subject performs two or more actions connected by a conjunction like 'and'. Here, the sisters 'grew up' and 'were encouraged'.
中文： 複合謂語：指一個主詞同時執行兩個或多個由連詞（如 and）連接的動作。句中姐妹們既「長大」又「受到鼓勵」。
He opened the door and walked into the room.
他打開門並走進了房間。
EN： Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City and is known for being one of the most ethnically diverse urban areas in the world, which aligns with the sisters' background as children of immigrants.
中文： 皇后區是紐約市五個行政區之一，以全球種族多樣性最高的城市區域之一而聞名，這與這對姐妹作為移民後代的背景相契合。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect or relevance in the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (has + 過去分詞)：用於描述從過去開始並持續對現在產生影響或關聯的動作。
The movie has influenced many young artists.
這部電影影響了許多年輕藝術家。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as a Modifier: The phrase 'of entrepreneurship' acts as an adjective to describe the specific type of 'story'.
中文： 介係詞短語作為修飾語：'of entrepreneurship'（關於創業的）這個短語充當形容詞，用來描述『故事』的具體類型。
The history of the city is very interesting.
這座城市的歷史非常有趣。
EN： The phrase 'both countries' refers to the United States (where the sisters grew up) and the Dominican Republic (their ancestral homeland). This highlights the 'transnational' identity common among many immigrant families in the U.S.
中文： 「這兩個國家」指的是美國（姐妹倆成長的地方）和多明尼加共和國（她們祖先的家鄉）。這突顯了美國許多移民家庭中常見的「跨國」身份認同。
EN： The preposition 'Before' can be followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) when the subject of the main clause is the same as the person performing the action in the phrase. This shortens the sentence from 'Before they started...'.
中文： 介係詞 'Before' 後面可以接動名詞（V-ing），前提是主句的主詞與該動作的執行者相同。這能將句子從 'Before they started...' 簡化。
Before moving to London, he worked as a teacher.
在搬到倫敦之前，他擔任教師工作。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個時間點或另一個過去動作之前就已經完成的動作。
By the time I arrived, the meeting had already started.
當我到達時，會議已經開始了。
EN： New York City is often seen as a global hub for competitive industries like finance, fashion, and pharmaceuticals. Having a 'successful career in New York' implies a high level of professional achievement and resilience.
中文： 紐約市通常被視為金融、時尚和製藥等競爭激烈產業的全球樞紐。在紐約擁有「成功的職業生涯」意味著極高的專業成就和抗壓能力。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here because Janett did not 'name' herself; she was chosen or selected by the Forbes organization. 'Was named' indicates the action was performed on the subject.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）在此處被使用，因為 Janett 並非「命名」自己，而是被《富比士》組織選中。「Was named」表示動作是施加在主詞身上的。
He was elected as the class president last week.
他上週被選為班長。
EN： The phrase 'in one's late twenties' refers to the ages of 27, 28, or 29. Similarly, 'early' refers to 21-23, and 'mid' refers to 24-26.
中文： 短語「in one's late twenties」指的是 27、28 或 29 歲。同樣地，「early」指 21-23 歲，「mid」指 24-26 歲。
She started her own business in her early thirties.
她在三十歲出頭時開始了自己的事業。
EN： The 'Forbes 30 Under 30' is a prestigious set of lists issued annually by Forbes magazine. It recognizes young entrepreneurs, leaders, and stars across various industries. Being named to this list is considered a significant career milestone in the United States.
中文： 《富比士 30 位 30 歲以下精英榜》（Forbes 30 Under 30）是《富比士》雜誌每年發布的一系列著名榜單。該榜單旨在表彰各行各業的年輕企業家、領導者和明星。在美國，入選此榜單被視為職業生涯中一個重大的里程碑。
EN： The preposition 'as' is used to describe a person's role, job, or function. It is followed by a noun that indicates the specific position held.
中文： 介係詞 'as' 用於描述一個人的角色、工作或職能。其後接名詞，用來表示所擔任的具體職位。
He works as a software engineer at a tech startup.
他在一家科技初創公司擔任軟體工程師。
EN： The Past Simple tense ('worked') is used here to describe a completed action or state in the past. It indicates that she no longer holds this position.
中文： 這裡使用過去簡單式（'worked'）來描述過去已完成的動作或狀態。這表示她現在已不再擔任該職位。
They lived in London for five years before moving to Paris.
在搬到巴黎之前，他們在倫敦住了五年。
EN： The title 'Chief of Staff' in a corporate setting often refers to a high-level position that acts as a strategic advisor to a top executive (like a CEO). It is a role that requires strong organizational and leadership skills.
中文： 在企業環境中，「幕僚長」(Chief of Staff) 通常是指擔任高階主管（如執行長）戰略顧問的高級職位。這個角色需要極強的組織能力和領導技巧。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past, often providing background information for a story.
中文： 過去進行式（was/were + 動詞-ing）用於描述過去某個特定時間點正在進行的動作，通常用於為故事提供背景資訊。
He was working as a teacher when he met his wife.
當他遇見他妻子時，他正擔任教師的工作。
EN： A non-restrictive relative clause starts with 'which' after a comma. It provides extra information about the preceding noun or clause rather than defining it.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句在逗號後使用 'which' 開頭。它為前面的名詞或子句提供額外補充資訊，而非定義該對象。
She lives in London, which is the capital of the UK.
她住在倫敦，那是英國的首都。
EN： Venture capital (VC) is a significant part of the American business ecosystem, especially in tech hubs like New York and Silicon Valley. It represents a high-stakes, high-reward career path that is often seen as a symbol of professional success.
中文： 風險投資 (Venture Capital, VC) 是美國商業生態系統的重要組成部分，尤其是在紐約和矽谷等科技中心。它代表了一種高風險、高回報的職業道路，通常被視為職業成功的象徵。
EN： The word 'that' is used here as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause (that something important was missing...). This clause acts as the direct object of the verb 'felt', explaining exactly what they felt.
中文： 這裡的 'that' 作為連接詞，引導一個名詞子句（that something important was missing...）。這個子句作為動詞 'felt' 的受詞，具體說明她們感覺到了什麼。
I believe that hard work leads to success.
我相信努力工作會帶來成功。
EN： When using indefinite pronouns like 'something', 'anything', or 'nothing', the adjective (important) must be placed after the pronoun, not before it.
中文： 當使用像 'something'、'anything' 或 'nothing' 這樣的不定代名詞時，形容詞（important）必須放在代名詞之後，而不是之前。
Is there anything interesting in the news today?
今天的報紙上有什麼有趣的事嗎？
EN： In Western career narratives, the feeling that 'something is missing' often precedes a major shift toward entrepreneurship or social impact, reflecting a cultural value placed on personal fulfillment over mere financial success.
中文： 在西方的職業敘事中，「感覺缺失了某些東西」通常是轉向創業或追求社會影響力的前兆，這反映了比起單純的財務成功，文化上更看重個人成就感與自我實現。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions at a specific time in the past. Here, 'started' indicates a one-time event that occurred in 2019.
中文： 過去簡單式 (Past Simple) 用於描述在過去特定時間完成的動作。在這裡，'started' 表示發生在 2019 年的一個單次事件。
The project began two months ago.
這個專案在兩個月前開始了。
EN： Prepositional phrases starting with 'for' and 'during' provide additional information. 'For' indicates purpose or association (the idea for the business), while 'during' indicates the time period when something happened.
中文： 以 'for' 和 'during' 開頭的介係詞短語提供了額外資訊。'For' 表示目的或關聯（關於事業的想法），而 'during' 則表示某事發生的時間段（在...期間）。
We met during the summer break.
我們在暑假期間見面了。
EN： In many cultures, including Dominican and American, family gatherings are significant events where important life decisions or business ideas are often discussed and supported by the extended family.
中文： 在許多文化中（包括多明尼加和美國），家庭聚會是重要的場合，重大的生活決定或創業想法通常會在這些聚會中被討論並獲得家族成員的支持。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Participle Phrase 'using cacao and coffee' as a present participle (V-ing) modifier. It functions as an adjective or adverb to describe how the action was performed or to provide more detail about the object.
中文： 本句使用了現在分詞短語「using cacao and coffee」作為修飾語。這裡的 V-ing 形式用來補充說明動作發生的方式，或是描述前方的名詞（飲品）是由什麼組成的。
She relaxed on the sofa reading a book.
她躺在沙發上放鬆，一邊讀著書。
EN： The Simple Past Tense (made) is used to describe a completed action that took place at a specific time in the past (early 2019).
中文： 過去簡單式（made）用於描述在過去特定時間（2019年初）已經完成的動作。
They built a small garden last summer.
他們去年夏天建了一個小花園。
EN： In the Dominican Republic, cacao and coffee are major agricultural exports. A traditional drink often mentioned in this context is 'Chocolate de Maní' or simple spiced hot cocoa, which is a staple in Dominican households and represents a deep connection to the land.
中文： 在多明尼加共和國，可可和咖啡是主要的農業出口產品。在這種背景下提到的傳統飲品通常指「花生巧克力飲」或簡單的香料熱可可，這是多明尼加家庭的日常主食，代表了與土地的深厚聯繫。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate the start of an action. In this sentence, 'talking' acts as the direct object of the verb 'began'.
中文： 動詞 'begin' (開始) 後面可以接動名詞 (V-ing) 來表示開始某個動作。在本句中，'talking' 作為動詞 'began' 的直接受詞。
He began running every morning to improve his health.
他開始每天早上跑步以改善健康。
EN： The preposition 'about' is used here to introduce the topic of the conversation. When a verb follows a preposition, it must be in the gerund form (-ing), which is why we use 'starting'.
中文： 介係詞 'about' 在此用於引出討論的主題。當動詞接在介係詞之後時，必須使用動名詞形式 (-ing)，這就是為什麼這裡使用 'starting' 的原因。
We are thinking about moving to a new city.
我們正在考慮搬到一個新的城市。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican-American families, cocoa is not just a commodity but a deep cultural link to their heritage and the traditional 'chocolate de agua' drink.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上領先的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加裔美國家庭來說，可可不僅僅是一種商品，更是與其文化遺產及傳統飲品「水巧克力」(chocolate de agua) 之間的深厚聯繫。
EN： The 'too... to...' structure is used to indicate that something is excessive to the point that a certain action cannot happen. It conveys a negative result without using a negative word like 'not'.
中文： 「too... to...」結構（太...而不能...）用於表示某種程度過於極端，以至於無法進行某個動作。雖然句子中沒有出現 'not'，但語意上帶有否定的結果。
The coffee was too hot to drink.
這咖啡太燙了，喝不下去。
EN： Reported Speech (Indirect Speech): When reporting what someone said in the past, the tense of the verb in the reported clause usually 'shifts back' (e.g., 'is' becomes 'was').
中文： 間接引句（轉述語）：當轉述某人過去說過的話時，子句中的動詞時態通常會「向後退一格」（例如：現在式 'is' 變成過去式 'was'）。
He said he was happy with the results.
他說他對結果感到滿意。
EN： In modern professional culture, being 'too busy at work' is a common reason for delaying personal projects, but the story highlights a shift from corporate loyalty to personal entrepreneurship.
中文： 在現代職場文化中，「工作太忙」是推遲個人計畫的常見理由。然而，這個故事強調了從對公司的忠誠轉向個人創業的轉變。
EN： The verb 'tell' follows the pattern 'tell + someone + to + verb (infinitive)'. This is used to report an instruction or advice given to someone.
中文： 動詞 'tell' 遵循 'tell + 某人 + to + 原形動詞 (不定詞)' 的句型。這用於轉述給予某人的指示或建議。
My teacher told me to study harder for the final exam.
我的老師告訴我要為期末考試更努力學習。
EN： 'Instead of' is a prepositional phrase followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun. It is used to indicate that one action or thing is chosen or suggested over another.
中文： 'Instead of' 是一個介系詞短語，後面接動名詞 (V-ing) 或名詞。它用於表示選擇或建議某事而非另一件事。
He decided to walk to school instead of taking the bus.
他決定走路去學校，而不是搭公車。
EN： In many immigrant families in the U.S., there is a strong emphasis on 'the American Dream,' where parents encourage children to achieve more than they did. The Liriano parents' advice reflects a shift from survival (working for others) to self-actualization (entrepreneurship).
中文： 在美國的許多移民家庭中，非常強調「美國夢」，父母通常會鼓勵孩子取得比自己更高的成就。Liriano 父母的建議反映了從生存（為他人工作）到自我實現（創業）的觀念轉變。
EN： The Present Perfect tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true in the present. In this case, 'has' functions as the main verb indicating possession of a connection.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此處用來描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。在本文中，「has」作為主要動詞，表示擁有某種聯繫或淵源。
The company has a long history of innovation.
這間公司擁有悠久的創新歷史。
EN： The preposition 'to' is used after the noun 'connection' to indicate the relationship or link between two things (the family and farming).
中文： 介係詞「to」接在名詞「connection」之後，用來表示兩者之間的關係或連結（在此指家族與農業之間的聯繫）。
He has a strong connection to his hometown.
他與家鄉有著深厚的聯繫。
EN： The Dominican Republic is a major global producer of organic cocoa. For many Dominican immigrant families in the US, maintaining a connection to their agricultural roots is a point of pride and a way to support their home country's economy.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是全球主要的有機可可生產國。對於許多移民美國的多明尼加家庭來說，與家鄉的農業根源保持聯繫不僅是一種自豪感，也是支持母國經濟的一種方式。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. Regular verbs like 'work' add '-ed' to form the past tense.
中文： 過去簡單式用於描述過去已完成的動作或狀態。像 'work' 這樣的規則動詞，在字尾加上 '-ed' 即可構成過去式。
He worked as a teacher for ten years before retiring.
他在退休前當了十年的老師。
EN： Possessive nouns are formed by adding an apostrophe and 's' ('s) to a singular noun or a plural noun not ending in 's'. If a plural noun ends in 's', only an apostrophe is added.
中文： 所有格名詞的構成是在單數名詞或非 s 結尾的複數名詞後加上撇號和 s ('s)。如果是以 s 結尾的複數名詞，則只加上撇號。
The students' grades improved after the extra lessons.
補救教學後，學生們的成績進步了。
EN： The term 'farmhand' often implies a manual laborer who does not own the land they work on. In the context of the Dominican Republic, this highlights the humble beginnings of the Liriano family and the significance of the sisters now providing ownership stakes to farmers.
中文： 'farmhand' 一詞通常指不擁有土地的體力勞動者。在多明尼加共和國的背景下，這強調了 Liriano 家族卑微的起點，也凸顯了現在姐妹倆為農民提供股份的重要性。
EN： The possessive 's (apostrophe s) is used to show ownership or relationship. When a noun already ends in 's' (like 'father's'), we add 's to indicate possession. In this sentence, it shows the family belongs to the father.
中文： 所有格 's 用於表示所有權或關係。當名詞表示「誰的」時，在名詞後加上 's。在此句中，它表示該家族屬於父親。
My sister's friend lives in London.
我姐姐的朋友住在倫敦。
EN： The word 'still' is an adverb of time used to describe an action or situation that continues to happen and has not changed or stopped.
中文： 「still」是一個時間副詞，用來描述某個動作或情況仍在持續，尚未改變或停止，通常放在一般動詞之前。
They still live in the same house after twenty years.
二十年後，他們仍然住在同一間房子裡。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican families, owning a small cocoa farm is a traditional way of life and a source of pride, even for those who have emigrated to the U.S.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上主要的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加家庭來說，擁有一座小型可可農場是傳統的生活方式，也是自豪感的來源，即使是那些已經移民到美國的人也是如此。
EN： Noun Clauses with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'explained'. It tells us exactly what Janett said.
中文： that 引導的名詞子句：單字 'that' 在此引導一個名詞子句，作為報導動詞 'explained' (解釋) 的受詞。它告訴我們 Janett 具體解釋了什麼內容。
He said that the movie was very exciting.
他說那部電影非常刺激。
EN： Reporting Verbs in Past Tense: When using a reporting verb like 'explained' in the past tense, the information being reported often follows the rules of backshift, though it can remain in the present tense if the statement is still a general truth.
中文： 過去式報導動詞：當使用像 'explained' 這樣的過去式動詞時，所轉述的內容通常會隨之轉為過去式，但如果該內容描述的是一個持續的事實或真理，則可以使用現在式。
The teacher explained that the earth revolves around the sun.
老師解釋說地球繞著太陽轉。
EN： The Dominican Republic is often stereotyped as a developing nation focused solely on tourism or agriculture. Janett's statement challenges this by highlighting the country's potential and the systemic issue of wealth distribution rather than a lack of resources.
中文： 多明尼加共和國常被刻板地認為是僅專注於旅遊或農業的開發中國家。Janett 的說法挑戰了這種觀點，強調了國家的潛力以及財富分配的系統性問題，而非資源匱乏。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' starting with 'that' as a subject complement. This clause follows the linking verb 'was' to explain what 'the problem' actually was.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引導的「名詞子句」作為主詞補語。這個子句接在連綴動詞 'was' 之後，用來解釋「問題」具體是什麼內容。
The truth is that we need more time to finish the project.
事實是我們需要更多時間來完成這個企劃。
EN： The sentence employs 'Reported Speech' (Indirect Speech). Since the main verb 'said' is in the past tense, the verbs in the reported clause ('was', 'did not receive') are also shifted to the past tense to maintain backshift consistency.
中文： 本句使用了「間接引句」（轉述語句）。由於主句動詞 'said' 是過去式，被轉述的內容動詞（'was', 'did not receive'）也需隨之轉為過去式，以保持時態一致。
He said that he was happy with the results.
他說他對結果感到滿意。
EN： The sentence touches on the concept of 'Fair Trade'. In many developing nations, farmers produce high-value crops like cacao but receive very little of the final profit. The Liriano sisters' business model aims to fix this systemic economic inequality.
中文： 這句話涉及了「公平貿易」的概念。在許多發展中國家，農民生產像可可這樣的高價值作物，但最終利潤中分得的比例卻極低。利里亞諾姐妹的商業模式旨在解決這種系統性的經濟不平等。
EN： The verb 'decide' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when expressing a choice or intention to perform an action.
中文： 動詞「decide」(決定) 後接「不定詞」(to + 原形動詞)，用來表達選擇或意圖執行某個動作。
We decided to move to a bigger house.
我們決定搬到一間更大的房子。
EN： The verb 'give' is a ditransitive verb, which can take two objects: an indirect object (local farmers) and a direct object (a stake).
中文： 動詞「give」(給予) 是雙賓動詞，可以接兩個受詞：間接受詞 (當地農民) 和直接受詞 (股份)。
She gave her brother a birthday present.
她給了她弟弟一份生日禮物。
EN： The phrase 'a stake in' refers to 'equity' or ownership. In social entrepreneurship, giving farmers a stake is a way to ensure 'Fair Trade' and empower local communities, moving beyond just paying for raw materials.
中文： 短語「a stake in」指的是「股份」或所有權。在社會企業領域，讓農民持股是確保「公平貿易」並賦予當地社區權力的一種方式，而不僅僅是支付原材料費用。
EN： The phrase 'This means that...' is used to introduce a noun clause that explains the implication or result of a previous statement. 'That' acts as a conjunction connecting the main verb to the explanation.
中文： 「This means that...」用於引導一個名詞子句，解釋前述內容的含義或結果。這裡的「that」作為連接詞，將主句動詞與解釋內容連結起來。
The light is red, which means that you must stop.
燈號是紅色的，這意味著你必須停車。
EN： Parallel structure with 'and': When connecting two actions performed by the same subject (farmers), the verbs should be in the same form. Here, 'own' and 'share' are both present tense plural verbs.
中文： 使用「and」的平行結構：當連接由同一個主詞（farmers）執行的兩個動作時，動詞形式應保持一致。在這裡，「own」和「share」均為現在式複數動詞。
They live in the city and work at a bank.
他們住在城市並在銀行工作。
EN： The concept of giving farmers a 'stake' or ownership in a company is part of the 'Fair Trade' and 'Social Entrepreneurship' movement. It aims to fix economic inequality by ensuring producers receive more than just a basic wage.
中文： 讓農民擁有公司「股份」或所有權的概念是「公平貿易」和「社會企業」運動的一部分。其目的是透過確保生產者獲得的不僅僅是基本工資，來解決經濟不平等問題。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'working' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). Here, the entire phrase 'working hard for others' serves as the subject of the subordinate clause.
中文： 動名詞當主詞：單字 'working' 是動名詞（動詞 + -ing 作為名詞使用）。在此句中，整個片語 'working hard for others' 作為從句的主詞。
Learning a new language opens many doors.
學習一門新語言會開啟許多機會之門。
EN： Ditransitive Verb (Teach): The verb 'taught' is the past tense of 'teach', which can take two objects: an indirect object (them) and a direct object (valuable skills).
中文： 雙賓動詞 (Teach)：動詞 'taught' 是 'teach' 的過去式，它可以接兩個受詞：間接受詞（them，她們）和直接受詞（valuable skills，寶貴的技能）。
He taught me how to cook.
他教我如何下廚。
EN： The concept of 'working for others' versus 'entrepreneurship' is a common theme in American immigrant stories. Many immigrants value the skills learned in traditional employment as a stepping stone to starting their own businesses, reflecting the 'American Dream' of upward mobility.
中文： 「為他人工作」與「創業」的對比是美國移民故事中的常見主題。許多移民將在傳統僱傭關係中學到的技能視為創業的墊腳石，這反映了追求社會地位提升的「美國夢」。
EN： The phrase 'Because of' is a compound preposition used to introduce a reason or cause. It must be followed by a noun or a noun phrase, not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 短語 'Because of' 是一個複合介系詞，用於引出原因或理由。其後必須接名詞或名詞短語，而非含有主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Because of the heavy rain, the football match was cancelled.
因為大雨，足球比賽被取消了。
EN： The verb 'want' is a transitive verb that is commonly followed by an 'infinitive' (to + base verb) to express a desire to perform an action.
中文： 動詞 'want' 是及物動詞，通常後接「不定詞」（to + 原形動詞），用來表達想要執行某個動作的願望。
They want to travel around the world next year.
他們明年想要環遊世界。
EN： The term 'farming communities' in this context refers to the social and economic groups of small-scale farmers in developing nations. In the Dominican Republic, this often involves cocoa or coffee farmers who historically have faced economic challenges due to global supply chain structures.
中文： 這裡的「農業社群」(farming communities) 指的是開發中國家的小農社會經濟群體。在多明尼加共和國，這通常涉及可可或咖啡農，他們在歷史上因全球供應鏈結構而面臨經濟挑戰。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 現在完成式 (have + 過去分詞) 在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間發生的動作，且該動作對現在具有影響力或相關性。
Scientists have shown that exercise improves mental health.
科學家已經證明運動能改善心理健康。
EN： The Noun Clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'shown'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + object) to express a fact or idea.
中文： 由 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為動詞 'shown' 的直接受詞。它包含完整的句子結構（主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞），用來表達一個事實或想法。
I believe that they will win the game.
我相信他們會贏得比賽。
EN： The concept of 'giving back to the homeland' is a significant theme in immigrant stories. It reflects the 'brain gain' or economic contribution that successful diaspora members provide to their countries of origin, often through investment or social entrepreneurship.
中文： 「回饋家鄉」是移民故事中的一個重要主題。它反映了成功的海外僑民透過投資或社會企業家精神，為其原籍國提供的「人才回流」或經濟貢獻。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 創業精神；企業家身分
在本文中： 製藥的；藥學的
在本文中： 聚會；集會
在本文中： 傳統的
在本文中： 母親一方的；母系的
在本文中： 農場雇工
在本文中： 股份；利害關係
在本文中： 利潤；收益
在本文中： 寶貴的；有價值的
在本文中： 祖國；故鄉
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To set high goals and have high ambitions.
胸懷大志；敢於夢想
Money invested in a new business that involves a lot of risk.
風險投資；創投
A senior manager who acts as an aide to a high-ranking executive.
幕僚長；辦公室主任
A reasonable price for a product or service that is honest and impartial.
公平價值；合理的報酬