EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. When paired with 'How long', it asks about the duration of this ongoing state.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在的動作或狀態。當與「How long」（多久）連用時，用來詢問該持續狀態的時間長度。
How long have you known each other?
你們認識彼此多久了？
EN： In questions starting with interrogative phrases like 'How long', subject-auxiliary inversion is required. The auxiliary verb 'have' is placed before the subject 'you', while the main verb 'lived' remains after the subject.
中文： 在以「How long」等疑問詞開頭的問句中，需要進行主詞與助動詞倒裝。助動詞「have」置於主詞「you」之前，而主要動詞「lived」則留在主詞之後。
How long have they worked here?
他們在這裡工作多久了？
EN： In Western cultures, asking someone 'How long have you lived here?' is a very common and polite icebreaker. It is a safe, non-intrusive topic that often leads to friendly conversations about local recommendations, neighborhoods, and personal backgrounds.
中文： 在西方文化中，詢問他人「你在這裡住多久了？」是一個非常常見且禮貌的破冰話題。這是一個安全、不具侵犯性的話題，通常能開啟關於當地推薦景點、社區環境或個人背景的友好對話。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have/has' + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
I have lived in Taipei since 2015.
自 2015 年以來，我一直住在台北。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a period of time (e.g., ten years, three hours) to show the duration of an action or state.
中文： 介係詞「for」與一段時間（例如：十年、三小時）連用，用來表示某個動作或狀態持續的時間長度。
She has studied English for five years.
她已經學了五年的英文了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. With stative verbs like 'know', we use the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。像 'know'（認識/知道）這類的狀態動詞，我們使用現在完成簡單式，而非進行式。
I have known him for five years.
我認識他已經五年了。
EN： 'Since' is used as a preposition or conjunction to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a noun phrase like 'kindergarten' or a time clause).
中文： 'Since'（自從）用作介係詞或連接詞，用來表示持續到現在的動作或狀態的起點。其後接一個特定的時間點（例如名詞片語 'kindergarten' 或時間子句）。
She has lived here since 2010.
她自從2010年起就一直住在這。
EN： In Western education systems, 'kindergarten' is typically the first official year of schooling (around age 5 or 6) before first grade. Saying you have known someone 'since kindergarten' implies a very deep, lifelong friendship that has stood the test of time.
中文： 在西方教育體制中，「kindergarten」（幼稚園）通常是進入小學一年級前、約5至6歲時的第一個正式學年。說自己與某人「自從幼稚園就認識」，暗示著一段非常深厚、經得起時間考驗的終生友誼。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have/has + past participle') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態或情況。
We have been friends since high school.
我們從高中開始就是朋友了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a duration of time (e.g., 'a long time', 'three years') to show how long a state or action has lasted.
中文： 介係詞「for」後面接一段時間（例如「a long time 很久」、「three years 三年」），用來表示某個狀態或動作持續了多久。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. In this sentence, 'have learned' indicates that the learning process began in the past and is still ongoing.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作。在本句中，「have learned」表示學習的過程始於過去，且目前仍在持續中。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已經在這座城市住了十年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'age six', '2005', 'yesterday').
中文： 介係詞「since」（自從）用於指出持續到現在的動作或狀態的「起點」。其後接一個特定的時間點（例如：「六歲」、「2005 年」、「昨天」）。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自 2005 年以來就經營著一家店。
EN： In Western countries, learning a musical instrument like the violin or piano from a young age (such as age six) is a common extracurricular activity. It is often associated with developing discipline, patience, and cognitive skills.
中文： 在西方國家，從小（例如六歲）開始學習小提琴或鋼琴等樂器是非常常見的課外活動。這通常被認為有助於培養紀律、耐心以及認知能力的發展。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. 'Has run' indicates that the family started running the shop in the past and still runs it now.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。「has run」表示家人在過去開始經營這家店，且至今仍在經營。
She has lived in London for five years.
她已經在倫敦住了五年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used with a specific point in time in the past (e.g., a year, a date, or an event) to show when an action or state began.
中文： 介係詞「since」與過去的特定時間點（例如年份、日期或事件）連用，用來表示某個動作或狀態開始的時間點。
They have been married since 2018.
他們自 2018 年以來就結婚了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present. The verb 'love' is a stative verb, which is commonly used in the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form to show duration.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作或狀態。動詞「love」（喜愛）是一個狀態動詞，通常使用現在完成簡單式而非進行式來表示持續的時間。
Hana has lived in this city since 2015.
哈娜自 2015 年以來就一直住在這座城市。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a period of time (e.g., 'many years', 'three days') to express the duration of an action or state in the present perfect tense.
中文： 介係詞「for」與一段時間（例如「many years」許多年、「three days」三天）連用，用來表示在現在完成式中某個動作或狀態持續的時間長度。
We have been friends for almost ten years.
我們成為朋友已經快十年了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, discussing long-term hobbies like painting, playing an instrument, or sports is a common way to build rapport and share personal background during social conversations.
中文： 在英語系國家中，談論自己長期的興趣愛好（如繪畫、彈奏樂器或運動）是社交對話中建立良好關係及分享個人背景的常見方式。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present. In this sentence, 'have painted' indicates that the speaker began painting in the past and still paints now.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。在本句中，「have painted」表示說話者在過去就開始畫畫，且現在依然在畫。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已經在這個城市住了十年。
EN： The conjunction 'since' is used to introduce a specific starting point in the past. It can be followed by a specific time (e.g., since 2005) or a clause in the Simple Past Tense (e.g., since I was little).
中文： 連接詞「since」（自從）用於引導過去的某個特定起點。其後可接特定的時間點（例如：自從2005年），或是接一個簡單過去式的從屬子句（例如：自從我還小的時候）。
We have been friends since we were in high school.
我們自從高中時代起就是朋友了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我在這座城市已經住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., last season, 2005, childhood).
中文： 介係詞「since」用於指示持續到現在的動作或狀態的「起點」。後面接一個特定的時間點（例如：上個賽季、2005年、童年）。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自2005年以來就經營著一家店。
EN： In sports culture, especially in football (soccer) or baseball, supporting a team 'since last season' or for many years is a common way to express loyalty. Fans often use the present perfect tense to emphasize their ongoing commitment to their favorite club.
中文： 在體育文化中（特別是足球或棒球），說自己「自上個賽季起」或多年來一直支持某支球隊，是表達忠誠度的常見方式。球迷經常使用現在完成式來強調他們對心儀俱樂部持續不斷的支持與熱愛。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'not' to describe an action (or lack thereof) that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此與否定詞 'not' 連用，用來描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的狀態或未發生的動作（即「至今未見面」）。
I have not eaten anything since this morning.
我從今天早上開始就什麼都沒吃。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate a duration of time (a period of time), such as 'for two weeks', 'for five years', or 'for a long time'.
中文： 介係詞 'for' 用來表示一段持續的時間長度，例如「持續兩週」、「持續五年」或「持續很長一段時間」。
They have studied English for three years.
他們已經學了三年的英文。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, saying 'I haven't seen you for...' is a very common, warm way to greet someone you haven't met in a while. It shows that you have noticed their absence and care about maintaining the connection.
中文： 在英語系國家中，使用「I haven't seen you for...」是一種非常常見且親切的問候方式，用來向一陣子沒見面的朋友打招呼。這表達了你有注意到對方的缺席，並展現出維繫彼此關係的關心。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. It is often paired with 'for' followed by a duration of time.
中文： 現在完成式（have been）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。它經常與「for」連用，後接一段持續的時間。
They have been married for five years.
他們已經結婚五年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the duration of an action or state, while 'almost' is an adverb meaning 'nearly' or 'not quite,' used to modify the time period.
中文： 介係詞「for」用於表示動作或狀態持續的時間長度，而「almost」是一個副詞，意思是「幾乎」或「將近」，用來修飾後面的時間長度。
I have lived in this apartment for almost two years.
我住在這間公寓已經將近兩年了。
EN： The verb 'go' is used with adjectives like 'fast' to describe the passage of time. In this context, 'go' means to pass or elapse.
中文： 動詞「go」常與「fast」等副詞或形容詞連用，用來描述時間的流逝。在此語境中，「go」意為「流逝」或「過去」。
The weekend went so fast.
週末過得真快。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('when we are together'), which modifies the main clause 'Time goes fast' by specifying the condition or time under which the action occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」引導時間副詞子句（when we are together），用來修飾主要子句「Time goes fast」，說明該狀況發生的時間或條件。
I feel happy when I am reading.
當我在閱讀時，我感到快樂。
EN： The phrase 'Time flies when you're having fun' is a very common English idiom that shares a similar sentiment to this sentence, reflecting a universal human experience of time perception.
中文： 英文中常說「Time flies when you're having fun」（歡樂時光總是過得特別快），與本句所表達的情感非常相似，反映了人類對時間流逝感知的普遍共鳴。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have lived') is used here to describe a state or action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（have lived）在此用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態或動作。它經常與「for」連用，以表示該動作持續的時間長度。
She has worked at this school for five years.
她已經在這所學校工作五年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to show the duration of an action or state, followed by a period of time (e.g., 'my whole life', 'ten years').
中文： 介系詞「for」用來表示動作或狀態持續的時間長度，後面接一段時間（例如：「我的一生」、「十年」）。
They have been married for thirty years.
他們已經結婚三十年了。
EN： In many Western cultures, especially in suburban areas, staying in the exact same neighborhood for one's entire life is less common today due to high mobility for university and career opportunities. Expressing this often conveys a strong sense of deep community connection, local pride, and stability.
中文： 在許多西方文化中（特別是郊區），由於大學和職業發展帶來的的高流動性，一輩子都住在同一個社區在今天已較為少見。因此，表達這句話通常傳達出一種對社區深厚的連結感、在地認同感與穩定的生活狀態。
EN： The present perfect tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. 'My family' is treated as a singular collective noun here, so it takes the singular auxiliary verb 'has'.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。這裡的「My family（我的家人/家庭）」被視為單數集合名詞，因此使用單數助動詞「has」。
She has owned this car for five years.
她擁有這輛車已經五年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present, typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a year, a date, or a past event).
中文： 介係詞「since」用於表示持續到現在的動作或狀態的「起點」，後面通常接一個特定的時間點（例如：年份、日期或過去發生的事件）。
They have lived in London since 2018.
他們自 2018 年以來就一直住在倫敦。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'since' to specify the starting point in time.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作。它經常與「since（自從）」連用，以明確指出該動作的起點時間。
I have lived in this city since 2015.
自從 2015 年以來，我就一直住在這座城市。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate clause indicating the starting point of an action. When 'since' introduces a clause, the verb in that clause is typically in the Simple Past tense (e.g., 'was'), while the main clause uses the Present Perfect tense.
中文： 連接詞「since」引導一個表示動作起點的時間副詞子句。當「since」引導子句時，該子句中的動詞通常使用簡單過去式（例如「was」），而主要子句則使用現在完成式。
She has played the piano since she was a child.
她自從還是個孩子的時候就開始彈鋼琴了。
EN： In many Western countries, it is common for children of family-owned small businesses (like local shops or farms) to help their parents. This is often seen as a way to learn responsibility, work ethic, and family bonding, rather than just labor.
中文： 在許多西方國家，家族經營的小型企業（如地方小店或農場）的孩子幫忙父母是很常見的。這通常被視為培養責任感、工作倫理和增進家庭凝聚力的一種方式，而不僅僅是勞動。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. With state verbs like 'know', we use the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。像 'know'（認識/知道）這類的狀態動詞，我們使用現在完成簡單式，而非進行式。
I have known him for five years.
我已經認識他五年了。
EN： 'Since' is used as a preposition followed by a specific point in time in the past (e.g., 'kindergarten', '2010', 'yesterday') to indicate when an action or state began.
中文： 'Since' 作為介係詞，後面接過去的特定時間點（例如：'kindergarten' 幼稚園、'2010'、'yesterday' 昨天），用來表示某個動作或狀態開始的時間點。
She has lived here since childhood.
她自童年起就一直住在這。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, 'kindergarten' is the first official year of schooling (usually around age 5) before first grade. Friendships that last 'since kindergarten' are highly cherished as lifelong bonds.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，「kindergarten」（幼稚園）是進入小學一年級前的第一年正式學校教育（通常在5歲左右）。「自幼稚園起」就維持的友誼被視為非常珍貴且深厚的終身情誼。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'for' followed by a duration of time.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。它經常與「for」加上一段時間連用，表示該動作持續的時間長度。
We have lived in this city for ten years.
我們已經在這座城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to indicate a specific location or institution where an activity (like studying) takes place, while 'same' is preceded by the definite article 'the' to show identity.
中文： 介係詞「at」用於指示活動（如學習）發生的特定地點或機構，而「same」（相同的）前面則必須加上定冠詞「the」以表示同一性。
They work at the same office.
他們在同一間辦公室工作。
EN： In English-speaking countries, it is common for childhood friends to attend the same local public schools from elementary through high school, fostering deep, lifelong friendships. Mentioning 'the same schools' highlights a shared history and strong social bond.
中文： 在英語系國家，童年玩伴從學齡前、小學到高中都就讀同一所當地公立學校是很常見的現象，這往往能培養出深厚且終身的情誼。句中提到「相同的學校（the same schools）」，強調了彼此共同的成長背景與緊密的社交紐帶。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'since' to indicate the starting point of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。它經常與「since」（自從）連用，以指出該動作的起點。
I have lived in this city since 2015.
自從 2015 年以來，我一直住在這座城市。
EN： 'Since' can be used as a conjunction followed by a clause in the Simple Past Tense (e.g., 'since I was very young') to mark the specific point in time when an action or state began.
中文： 「since」可作為連接詞，後接簡單過去式的子句（例如「since I was very young」），用來標記某個動作或狀態開始的特定時間點。
He has played soccer since he was a child.
他自從孩提時代起就一直踢足球。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. 'Has guided' indicates that the guidance began in the past and is still ongoing.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。「has guided」（一直指導）表示指導從過去就開始，且目前仍在持續中。
She has worked at this school for five years.
她已經在這所學校工作五年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present. It is typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'my first lesson', '2010', 'yesterday').
中文： 介係詞「since」（自從）用於指示持續到現在的動作或狀態的起點。它後面通常接一個特定的時間點（例如：「我的第一堂課」、「2010年」、「昨天」）。
I have known Emma since kindergarten.
我自從幼稚園起就認識艾瑪了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present, or has a strong connection to the present. In this sentence, 'have made' indicates that the process of creating memories began in childhood and remains significant now.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在，或與現在有強烈關聯的動作或狀態。在本句中，「have made」表示創造回憶的過程始於童年，且至今仍具重要意義。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已經在這個城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues up to the present. It is typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'childhood', '2005', 'last week') and is commonly paired with the Present Perfect Tense.
中文： 介係詞「since」（自從）用於指示持續到現在的動作或狀態的起點。它後面通常接一個特定的時間點（例如：「childhood」童年、「2005」年、「last week」上週），並且通常與現在完成式搭配使用。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自2005年以來就經營著一家店。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present moment. It is often paired with time expressions indicating duration.
中文： 現在完成式（在此為 'has been'）用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。它經常與表示持續時間的時間表達式搭配使用。
She has been a teacher for five years.
她當老師已經五年了。
EN： The phrase 'as long as I remember' (or 'as long as I can remember') is an idiomatic expression meaning 'for my entire life' or 'since the beginning of my memory'.
中文： 片語 'as long as I remember'（或 'as long as I can remember'）是一個慣用語，意思是「我一輩子」或「自我有記憶以來」。
We have been friends for as long as I remember.
從我記事以來，我們就一直是朋友。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing a deep connection to a place as 'home' for one's entire life conveys a strong sense of belonging, community, and stability, which is highly valued in local neighborhoods.
中文： 在英語系國家中，將某個地方表達為自己一輩子的「家」，傳達了一種強烈的歸屬感、社區凝聚力與穩定感，這在當地的鄰里文化中是非常受到重視的價值。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have played') is used here with 'how long' to ask about the duration of an action that started in the past and continues into the present.
中文： 現在完成式（have played）在此與疑問詞「how long」連用，用來詢問一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作所經歷的時間長度。
How long have you lived in this apartment?
你在這間公寓住多久了？
EN： When playing musical instruments, the definite article 'the' is placed before the name of the instrument (e.g., 'play the violin', 'play the piano').
中文： 在英文中，彈奏樂器時，樂器名稱前面通常需要加上定冠詞「the」（例如：play the violin 彈小提琴、play the piano 彈鋼琴）。
She has played the cello since she was ten.
她從十歲起就開始拉大提琴了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, it is very common to append the listener's name (like 'Ryan') to the end of a question or statement to make the conversation feel more personal, friendly, and direct.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在問句或直述句的句尾加上對方的名字（如「萊恩」）是非常常見的社交習慣，這能讓對話顯得更親切、友善且具針對性。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。它經常與介係詞「for」連用，以表示該動作持續的時間長度。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已經在這座城市住了十年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to express a duration of time (e.g., 'for five years', 'for a long time'), whereas 'since' is used to indicate a specific starting point in the past (e.g., 'since 2005', 'since I was young').
中文： 介係詞「for」用於表示一段時間的長度（例如：「for five years」五年、「for a long time」好長一段時間），而「since」則用於指出過去的某個特定起點（例如：「since 2005」自2005年起、「since I was young」自我小時候起）。
She has studied English for three years.
她已經學了三年英文。
EN： In English-speaking countries, learning a musical instrument (like the violin or piano) from a young age is a common extracurricular activity. When talking about hobbies or skills, using the present perfect tense with 'for' or 'since' is the standard way to show dedication and experience over time.
中文： 在英語系國家，從小學習樂器（如小提琴或鋼琴）是相當常見的課外活動。在談論興趣或技能時，使用現在完成式搭配「for」或「since」是表達自己長期投入與累積經驗的標準說法。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. The verb 'want' is a stative verb, so it is used in the simple present perfect form rather than the continuous form to show ongoing desire.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的狀態。動詞「want」（想要）是一個狀態動詞，因此使用現在完成簡單式而非進行式，來表示持續至今的願望。
I have wanted to visit Paris for years.
多年來我一直想去巴黎拜訪。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a season, a year, or a specific event).
中文： 介係詞「since」（自從）用於指示持續到現在的動作或狀態的起點。其後接一個特定的時間點（例如：季節、年份或特定事件）。
She has played the piano since 2018.
她自 2018 年以來就一直在彈鋼琴。
EN： In Western countries, learning a classical instrument like the cello or violin is a common extracurricular activity for youth. The transition of seasons, particularly 'spring', often symbolizes new beginnings, making it a common reference point for starting new hobbies or resolutions.
中文： 在西方國家，學習大提琴或小提琴等古典樂器是青少年常見的課外活動。季節的交替，尤其是「春天」，往往象徵著新的開始，因此常被用作開始新愛好或下定新決心的時間基準點。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'since' to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此與 'since'（自從）連用，用來描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
We have known each other since we were children.
我們自從孩提時代就互相認識了。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate clause in the simple past tense ('you were born') to mark the specific starting point in time of the main clause's action.
中文： 連接詞 'since' 引導一個簡單過去式的從屬子句（'you were born'），用來標記主句動作開始的特定時間起點。
He has worked at this company since he graduated.
他自從畢業後就一直在這家公司工作。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often accompanied by 'since' to specify the starting point.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作。它經常與「since（自從）」連用，以明確指出動作的起點。
I have lived in this apartment since 2018.
自2018年以來，我一直住在這間公寓裡。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present. It can be followed by a specific time, a noun phrase (like 'birth'), or a clause in the simple past tense.
中文： 介係詞「since」用於指示持續到現在的動作或狀態的起點。其後可接特定的時間點、名詞片語（如「birth」）或簡單過去式的子句。
She has been interested in music since childhood.
她自童年時期起就對音樂感興趣。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (Negative): Used to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present, or has not happened during a period up to now. The structure is 'Subject + have/has + not + past participle'.
中文： 現在完成式（否定句）：用於描述從過去某個時間點開始一直持續到現在，或者在到目前為止的一段時間內「尚未發生」的動作或狀態。結構為「主詞 + have/has + not + 過去分詞」。
I have not visited that museum since last year.
自從去年以來，我就沒有去過那家博物館了。
EN： Since + Specific Point in Time: The preposition 'since' is used with the present perfect tense to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present.
中文： Since + 特定時間點：介係詞「since」與現在完成式連用，用來標示某個動作或狀態開始並持續到現在的「起點」。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自從 2005 年以來就經營著一家店。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'since' to indicate the starting point of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。它經常與「since」（自從）連用，以指出該動作的起點。
She has lived in Tokyo since 2018.
她自 2018 年起就住在東京。
EN： The word 'abroad' is an adverb meaning 'in or to a foreign country'. Because it is an adverb, it does not require a preposition like 'in' or 'to' before it (e.g., 'work abroad', not 'work in abroad').
中文： 單字「abroad」是一個副詞，意思是「在國外」或「往國外」。因為它是副詞，所以前面不需要像「in」或「to」這樣的介係詞（例如：應為「work abroad」，而非「work in abroad」）。
They plan to study abroad next year.
他們計劃明年去國外留學。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment, emphasizing the duration of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作，強調該動作持續的時間長度。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已經在這座城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate a duration of time (e.g., 'for many months', 'for two weeks'), showing how long an action or state has lasted.
中文： 介係詞「for」用來表示一段持續的時間（例如：「for many months」好多個月、「for two weeks」兩週），顯示某個動作或狀態持續了多久。
We have been friends for almost ten years.
我們當朋友已經將近十年了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It often co-occurs with 'since' to specify the starting point in time.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作。它經常與「since」（自從）連用，以明確指出該動作開始的時間點。
We have lived in this house since 2018.
我們自從2018年起就一直住在這棟房子裡。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., winter, last year, 9 AM).
中文： 介係詞「since」用於表示持續到現在的動作或狀態的「起點」。其後接一個特定的時間點（例如：冬天、去年、早上九點）。
I have been awake since sunrise.
我自日出起就一直醒著。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, looking forward to a 'holiday' (or vacation) is a common topic of social conversation, especially during long work or school terms. Mentioning 'since winter' emphasizes how long and eagerly the speaker has anticipated this break.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，期待「假期」（holiday/vacation）是社交對話中的常見話題，尤其是在漫長的工作或學期期間。提到「自從冬天起」強調了說話者對這次假期的期待之久與渴望之深。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作或狀態。它經常與「for」連用，以表示該動作持續的時間長度。
We have lived in this city for five years.
我們在這個城市已經住了五年了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'look forward to' means to feel excited about something that is going to happen. Note that 'to' is a preposition, so it must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (V-ing).
中文： 片語動詞「look forward to」表示對即將發生的事情感到興奮或期待。請注意，這裡的「to」是介係詞，因此後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞（V-ing）。
She is looking forward to the weekend.
她正期待著週末的到來。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 幼兒園，學前班
在本文中： 鄰近地區；社區
在本文中： 指導；引導
在本文中： 回憶；記憶
在本文中： 在國外；到國外
在本文中： 儲蓄；積攢（錢財）
在本文中： 支持；擁護（此處指支持某運動隊伍）
在本文中： 擁有；佔有
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
期待；盼望
To manage or be in charge of a retail business.
經營店鋪
For the entire duration of one's memory; since childhood.
自從我有記憶以來；打從記事起