EN: Present Participle Phrases: The present participle phrase 'playing the flute' is used as an adjective phrase to post-modify (describe) the noun 'The girl'. It is a shortened form of the relative clause 'who is playing the flute'.
中文: 現在分詞片語:現在分詞片語「playing the flute」在此作為形容詞片語,用來後置修飾(描述)名詞「The girl」(那個女孩)。這是關係子句「who is playing the flute」的簡化形式。
The boy kicking the ball is my brother.
踢球的那個男孩是我弟弟。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verb: When quoting someone directly, the spoken words are placed in quotation marks. If the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') comes after the quote, the subject and verb can be inverted (e.g., 'says Hana' or 'Hana says').
中文: 直接引語與引述動詞:直接引用某人的話時,說話內容會放在引號內。如果引述動詞(如「says」)放在引語之後,主詞和動詞可以倒裝(例如「says Hana」或「Hana says」)。
"I am tired," says John.
「我累了,」約翰說。
EN: The past participle 'sung' is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which are sung') to modify the noun 'songs'. This is a common way to describe a noun with a passive action without using a full relative clause.
中文: 過去分詞「sung」(原形為 sing)在此處用作簡化關係子句(等同於「which are sung」),用來修飾名詞「songs」。這是一種常見的修飾手法,能在不使用完整關係代名詞的情況下,對名詞進行被動語態的修飾。
I bought a book written by a famous author.
我買了一本由著名作家寫的書。
EN: The preposition 'in' is used to express the medium or language in which something is spoken, written, or sung.
中文: 介係詞「in」在此處用於表示說話、書寫或歌唱時所使用的「語言」或媒介。
She wrote the letter in French.
她用法文寫了這封信。
EN: Past Participle as an Adjective Modifier: The past participle 'made' (from the verb 'make') is used here in a reduced relative clause ('made of wood', which is short for 'which are made of wood') to modify the noun 'drums'. It describes what material the drums are constructed from.
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:這裡的過去分詞「made」(動詞 make 的過去分詞)用於簡化關係子句(「made of wood」省略了「which are made of wood」),用來修飾名詞「drums」(鼓),描述這些鼓是由什麼材質製成的。
The table made of glass broke yesterday.
那張玻璃製的桌子昨天壞了。
EN: Linking Verb 'sound': The verb 'sound' acts as a linking verb (copula) in this sentence, connecting the subject 'drums' with the subject complement adjective 'deep'. It is used to describe the auditory quality of the subject.
中文: 連繫動詞「sound」:動詞「sound」(聽起來)在此句中作為連繫動詞,用來連接主詞「drums」與形容詞主詞補語「deep」,用以描述主詞在聽覺上的特質。
Her voice sounds very sweet.
她的聲音聽起來很甜美。
EN: Present Participle as an Adjective Phrase: The present participle '-ing' form (dancing) can be used to modify a noun (People). It functions as a shortened relative clause ('People who were dancing...').
中文: 現在分詞作形容詞片語:現在分詞「-ing」形式(dancing)可用於修飾名詞(People)。其功能相當於簡化的關係子句(「People who were dancing...」)。
The boy playing the piano is my brother.
正在彈鋼琴的那個男孩是我弟弟。
EN: Linking Verb 'look': The verb 'look' is a linking verb (copula) used to describe appearance. It is followed directly by an adjective (happy) rather than an adverb.
中文: 連繫動詞「look」:動詞「look」是一個用來描述外觀的連繫動詞。其後直接接形容詞(happy)而非副詞。
She looked tired after the long journey.
長途旅行後,她看起來很疲倦。
EN: Past participle phrases (e.g., 'written long ago') can be used as adjective phrases to modify a preceding noun. In this sentence, 'written' is a past participle modifying 'Music', indicating that the music was written in the past.
中文: 過去分詞片語(例如 'written long ago')可用作形容詞片語,用來修飾前面的名詞。在本句中,過去分詞 'written' 修飾 'Music'(音樂),表示這首音樂是在過去被創作出來的。
The book written by that famous author became a bestseller.
那部由著名作家寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: The verb 'move' can mean to affect someone with strong emotion, especially sadness or sympathy. In this context, 'moves us' means touches our hearts or inspires us.
中文: 動詞 'move' 可以表示使某人產生強烈的情感共鳴,特別是感動或同情。在此語境中,'moves us' 意為「感動我們」或「觸動我們的心靈」。
Her beautiful voice moved the entire audience to tears.
她優美的歌聲讓全場觀眾感動落淚。
EN: Present Participle Phrases: The present participle phrase 'teaching guitar' (verb + -ing) is used as an adjective phrase to modify the noun 'the man'. It describes an ongoing action or a characteristic of the noun, functioning like a shortened relative clause ('who is teaching guitar').
中文: 現在分詞片語:現在分詞片語「teaching guitar」(動詞 + -ing)在此用作形容詞片語,用來修飾名詞「the man」(那位男士)。它描述了該名詞正在進行的動作或特徵,功能相當於簡化的關係子句(who is teaching guitar)。
The girl playing the piano is my sister.
彈鋼琴的那個女孩是我妹妹。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Modifiers: When a subject is followed by a modifying phrase (like 'teaching guitar'), the verb must still agree with the main subject noun ('the man', which is singular), not the noun inside the modifier ('guitar'). Therefore, the singular verb 'is' is used.
中文: 主詞與動詞的一致性(含修飾語):當主詞後面接有修飾片語(如「teaching guitar」)時,動詞仍必須與主要的主詞名詞(單數的「the man」)保持一致,而非修飾語中的名詞(guitar)。因此,這裡使用單數動詞「is」。
The books on the table are mine.
桌上的那些書是我的。(主詞為複數 books,故使用複數動詞 are)
EN: Past Participle as an Adjective Modifier: The past participle 'shared' (derived from the verb 'share') is used here as a reduced relative clause ('which is shared') to modify the noun 'song'. It indicates a passive action that has been done to the noun.
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:過去分詞「shared」(源自動詞 share)在此處用作簡化關係子句(即 which is shared),用來修飾名詞「song」(歌曲)。它表示該名詞所承受的被動動作。
The book written by the teacher is very popular.
老師寫的那本書非常受歡迎。
EN: Linking Verb 'feel' with Comparative Adjective: The verb 'feel' acts as a linking verb (copula) describing the subject's state or quality, and is followed by the comparative adjective 'sweeter' (modified by the intensifier 'even') to show a heightened state.
中文: 連繫動詞「feel」搭配比較級形容詞:動詞「feel」在此作為連繫動詞,用來描述主詞的狀態或特質,後面接比較級形容詞「sweeter」(由加強語氣詞「even」修飾),以表示程度的提升。
The soup tastes even better when it is hot.
這湯熱的時候嚐起來甚至更好喝。
EN: Present Participle as an Adjective Modifier: The present participle '-ing' form ('wearing') can be used immediately after a noun ('the dancers') to function as an adjective phrase, describing what the noun is doing at that moment. It is a shortened form of a relative clause ('who were wearing').
中文: 現在分詞作形容詞修飾語:現在分詞「-ing」形式(如 wearing)可以直接放在名詞(如 the dancers)後面,起形容詞片語的作用,用來描述該名詞當時正在進行的動作。這實際上是關係子句(who were wearing)的簡化形式。
The boy playing the piano is my brother.
正在彈鋼琴的那個男孩是我的弟弟。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verb Inversion: In written English, when direct speech is quoted first, the reporting verb ('says') often comes before the subject ('Emma') if the subject is a noun. This is a common stylistic device in storytelling.
中文: 直接引語與引導動詞倒裝:在英文書面語中,當直接引語放在前面時,如果主詞是普通名詞或專有名詞(如 Emma),引導動詞(如 says)通常會放在主詞之前。這是在故事敘述中常見的修辭手法。
"I am ready," says John.
「我準備好了,」約翰說。
EN: The past participle (played) is used as a reduced relative clause (which was played) to modify the preceding noun (a tune). This passive modifier describes how the tune was performed.
中文: 過去分詞(played)在此用作簡化關係子句(which was played),用來修飾前面的名詞(a tune)。這個被動語態的修飾語描述了該曲子是如何被演奏的。
I read a book written by a famous author.
我讀了一本由著名作家寫的書。
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb. When followed by an object and a past participle, it indicates that the subject heard the object undergoing an action (passive voice).
中文: 動詞「hear」是感官動詞。當後面接賓語(受詞)和過去分詞時,表示主詞聽到該賓語正在承受某個動作(被動語態)。
She heard her name called in the crowd.
她聽到有人在人群中叫她的名字。
EN: Past participle as an adjective modifier: The past participle 'told' (from 'tell') is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which are told') to modify the noun 'Stories'. It describes what kind of stories they are.
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:這裡的過去分詞「told」(動詞 tell 的過去分詞)用作簡化關係子句(等同於 which are told),用來修飾名詞「Stories」(故事),說明這些故事是「透過音樂被訴說的」。
The book written by that famous author became a bestseller.
那本由著名作家撰寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: Direct speech with reporting verb inversion: In English, when quoting someone directly, the reporting verb ('says') can be placed after the quote and can optionally precede the subject ('Leo'), especially in written or literary contexts.
中文: 直接引語與說話者倒裝:在英文中引用某人的原話時,表示「說」的動詞(如 says)可以放在引號後面,且在書面語中常會置於主詞(如 Leo)之前,形成倒裝結構。
"I will arrive tomorrow," says John.
「我明天會到,」約翰說。
EN: The quote highlights the universal nature of music. In many cultures, music is considered a 'universal language' that can convey emotions, history, and values without the need for translation, bridging gaps between different nationalities and backgrounds.
中文: 這句話強調了音樂的無國界本質。在許多文化中,音樂被視為一種「世界通用的語言」,不需要翻譯就能傳達情感、歷史與價值觀,從而搭起不同國籍與文化背景之間的橋樑。
EN: Present Participle as an Adjective Phrase: The present participle '-ing' form ('singing together') can be used as an adjective phrase to modify a noun ('the children'). It functions like a shortened relative clause ('who were singing together') and describes an active action happening at that time.
中文: 現在分詞作形容詞片語:現在分詞「-ing」形式(如「singing together」)可用作形容詞片語來修飾名詞(如「the children」)。它的功能類似於簡化的關係子句(原為「who were singing together」),用來描述當時正在進行的主動動作。
The dog barking outside belongs to my neighbor.
在外面吠叫的那隻狗是我鄰居的。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verb Inversion: In written English, when direct speech is placed at the beginning of a sentence, the reporting verb ('says') can come before the subject ('Hana'), especially when the subject is a noun rather than a pronoun.
中文: 直接引語與引導動詞倒裝:在書面英文中,當直接引語放在句首時,引導動詞(如「says」)可以放在主詞(如「Hana」)之前,特別是當主詞是名詞而非代名詞時。
"I am ready," says Tom.
「我準備好了,」湯姆說。
EN: The past participle phrase 'loved by all' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'melody'. This is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which is loved by all'.
中文: 過去分詞片語「loved by all」(被所有人喜愛)在此作為形容詞,用來修飾名詞「melody」(旋律)。這是一種簡化的關係子句,由「which is loved by all」省略而來。
A book written by a famous author is on the table.
一本由著名作家寫的書在桌子上。
EN: The verb 'needs' is in the simple present tense and agrees with the singular subject 'A melody'. The word 'no' is used as a determiner meaning 'not any' to make the sentence negative.
中文: 動詞「needs」為一般現在時,與單數主詞「A melody」保持主動詞一致。這裡的「no」作為限定詞,表示「沒有任何」,用來否定後面的名詞「words」。
A true friend needs no explanation.
真正的朋友不需要解釋。
EN: The past participle (V-ed) can function as an adjective to modify a noun. In this sentence, 'understood' is a past participle modifying the noun 'language', indicating a passive relationship (the language is understood by people).
中文: 過去分詞(V-ed)可以作為形容詞來修飾名詞。在本句中,「understood」(被理解)是一個過去分詞,用來修飾名詞「language」(語言),表示被動關係(語言是被人類所理解的)。
This is a book written by a famous author.
這是一本由著名作家所寫的書。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'by people everywhere' acts as an adverbial modifier, specifying who understands the language and where they are located.
中文: 介係詞片語「by people everywhere」(被世界各地的人們)作為修飾語,明確指出是誰理解這種語言以及他們身處何處。
The song is loved by children everywhere.
這首歌受到世界各地孩童的喜愛。
EN: The quote expresses a universal sentiment that music transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, acting as a bridge that connects humanity. It is a common philosophical perspective in both Western and Eastern cultures.
中文: 這句話表達了一種普世觀點:音樂超越了文化與語言的隔閡,成為連結全人類的橋樑。這在東西方文化中都是非常普遍且令人共鳴的哲學視角。
EN: The past participle 'sung' (from the verb 'sing') is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is sung') to modify the noun 'song'. It describes a passive action happening to the noun.
中文: 過去分詞「sung」(動詞 sing 的過去分詞)在此處用作簡化關係子句(等同於 which is sung),用來修飾名詞「song」(歌曲),表示該名詞所承受的被動動作。
The letter written by Mary made him happy.
瑪麗寫的那封信讓他很高興。
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility, followed by the base form of the verb 'move' (which means to affect someone emotionally).
中文: 情態助動詞「can」用來表示能力或可能性,後面接動詞原形「move」(在此意為在情感上打動、感動某人)。
A simple gesture can change someone's day.
一個簡單的手勢就能改變某人的一天。
EN: The phrase 'from the heart' is a common English idiom meaning with sincere feeling or deep emotion. In many cultures, music is viewed as a universal language of emotion that transcends physical and linguistic barriers.
中文: 片語「from the heart」是一個常見的英文成語,意思是「真誠地」或「發自內心地」。在許多文化中,音樂都被視為一種跨越地域與語言障礙、傳遞情感的通用語言。
EN: Past Participle as Post-modifier: The past participle phrase 'played on a flute...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'tune'. It describes what kind of tune it was, implying a passive meaning (the tune was played).
中文: 過去分詞作後置修飾語:過去分詞短語「played on a flute...」在此充當形容詞,用來修飾名詞「tune」(曲子)。它描述了這是一首怎樣的曲子,並帶有被動意味(曲子是被演奏的)。
I bought a book written by a famous author.
我買了一本由著名作家寫的書。
EN: Reduced Relative Clause: The phrase 'made of bamboo' is a reduced relative clause (short for 'which was made of bamboo') modifying the noun 'flute'. 'Made of' is used when the original material (bamboo) is still recognizable in the finished product.
中文: 關係子句的簡化:短語「made of bamboo」是一個簡化關係子句(原為「which was made of bamboo」),修飾名詞「flute」(笛子)。「made of」用於表示製成品的原材料(竹子)在成品中依然清晰可辨。
She wore a necklace made of silver.
她戴著一條銀製的項鍊。
EN: Present Participle Phrase as an Adjective: The phrase 'floating through the air' is a present participle phrase (starting with a verb-ing) used to describe the noun 'The notes'. It functions like an adjective clause ('which were floating through the air') but is shortened for a smoother flow.
中文: 現在分詞片語作形容詞:片語「floating through the air」是一個現在分詞片語(以動詞-ing開頭),用來修飾名詞「The notes」(音符)。它的功能相當於形容詞子句(which were floating through the air),但省略後使句子更為流暢。
The leaves, falling from the trees, covered the ground.
落葉從樹上飄落,鋪滿了地面。
EN: Causative Verb 'Make': The verb 'make' is used as a causative verb meaning 'to cause someone to do something'. It is followed by an object ('everyone') and a bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without 'to', which is 'smile').
中文: 使役動詞「make」:動詞「make」在此作為使役動詞,表示「使某人做某事」。後面接賓語(everyone)與原型動詞(不帶 to 的動詞,即 smile)。
The funny movie made us laugh.
那部好笑的電影讓我們笑了起來。
EN: Past Participle as an Adjective Modifier: The past participle phrase 'beaten by skilled hands' is used as an adjective to modify the noun 'Drums'. It describes what was done to the drums, functioning like a shortened relative clause ('Drums which are beaten by...').
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:過去分詞片語「beaten by skilled hands」(被熟練的雙手敲擊)用作形容詞,修飾名詞「Drums」(鼓)。它描述了鼓所承受的動作,功能相當於省略了關係代名詞的關係子句(即 'Drums which are beaten by...')。
The songs sung by the choir touched everyone's heart.
合唱團所演唱的歌曲觸動了每個人的心。
EN: Causative/Resultative construction 'set + Object + adjective': The verb 'set' combined with an object and the adjective 'free' means to release someone or something from a restriction, making them free.
中文: 使役/結果結構「set + 受詞 + 形容詞」:動詞「set」與受詞及形容詞「free」(自由的)結合,表示釋放某人或某物,使其脫離束縛而獲得自由。
The governor decided to set the prisoners free.
州長決定釋放那些囚犯。
EN: Past participle phrases (e.g., 'written hundreds of years ago') can be used as adjective phrases to modify a noun. They have a passive meaning, indicating that the action was done to the noun.
中文: 過去分詞片語(例如 'written hundreds of years ago')可用作形容詞片語來修飾名詞。它們具有被動意義,表示該動作是被施加在該名詞上。
The book written by that famous author became a bestseller.
那本由著名作家寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: Linking verbs (like 'feel') are followed by adjectives (like 'alive') rather than adverbs, to describe the state of the subject.
中文: 連繫動詞(如 'feel')後面接形容詞(如 'alive')而非副詞,用來描述主詞的狀態。
After a long walk, the cold water made him feel refreshed.
長途散步後,冰涼的水讓他覺得神清氣爽。
EN: The past participle ('gathered') is used here as an adjective phrase (a reduced relative clause) modifying the noun 'People'. It is short for 'People who were gathered'.
中文: 過去分詞(在此為 'gathered')在此用作形容詞片語(簡化關係子句),修飾名詞 'People'(人們)。這原本是 'People who were gathered' 的省略形式。
The books left on the table belong to the teacher.
留在桌上的書是老師的。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'to the steady beat' uses 'to' to indicate accompaniment or synchronization with music or rhythm.
中文: 介系詞片語 'to the steady beat' 中的 'to' 用來表示伴隨音樂或節奏進行某動作,意為「隨著…」。
They danced to the rhythm of the drums.
他們隨著鼓點的節奏跳舞。
EN: Past Participle as Post-modifier: The past participle phrase 'shared between strangers' is used as an adjective to modify the noun 'melody' from behind. It indicates a passive action (the melody is shared).
中文: 過去分詞作後置修飾語:過去分詞片語「shared between strangers」用作形容詞,從後面修飾名詞「melody」(旋律),表示被動意義(被分享的旋律)。
The book written by the famous author became a bestseller.
那本由著名作家撰寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: Metaphorical use of 'build a bridge': The phrase 'build a bridge' is a common idiom meaning to promote understanding, friendship, or connection between different people or groups.
中文: 「build a bridge」(架起橋樑)的比喻用法:此片語是一個常見的成語,意指促進不同人群或團體之間的理解、友誼或連結。
We need to build a bridge between the two communities.
我們需要在這兩個社區之間架起溝通的橋樑。
EN: Music is often described as a 'universal language' in Western culture. The metaphor of 'building a bridge' emphasizes music's power to overcome social, cultural, or linguistic barriers, connecting people who otherwise have nothing in common.
中文: 在西方文化中,音樂常被形容為「宇宙共通的語言」。這裡「架起橋樑」的比喻,強調了音樂超越社會、文化或語言障礙的力量,將原本毫無交集的人們連結在一起。
EN: The past participle phrase 'passed down through families' is used as an adjective (reduced relative clause) to modify the noun 'Songs'. It is equivalent to 'Songs that are/were passed down through families'.
中文: 過去分詞片語「passed down through families」在此作為形容詞使用(由關係子句簡化而來),用來修飾名詞「Songs」(歌曲)。這相當於「Songs that are/were passed down through families」。
The traditions kept by the villagers are very unique.
村民們所保留的傳統非常獨特。
EN: The phrasal verb 'pass down' means to transfer or transmit something (like knowledge, traditions, or possessions) from one generation to the next.
中文: 片語動詞「pass down」意為「代代相傳」或「傳承」,指將知識、傳統或財產等從上一代傳給下一代。
These recipes were passed down from my grandmother.
這些食譜是從我祖母那裡傳下來的。
EN: Present participle phrases (verb-ing) can be used as non-defining modifiers, set off by commas, to describe an action happening at the same time as the main verb or to provide additional information about the subject.
中文: 現在分詞片語(動詞-ing)可用作非限定修飾語,前後用逗號隔開,用來描述與主句動詞同時發生的動作,或提供關於主詞的額外資訊。
The children, laughing merrily, ran into the garden.
孩子們歡笑著跑進了花園。
EN: The phrasal verb 'fill A with B' means to make A full of B, where A is the container or space and B is the substance or emotion filling it.
中文: 片語動詞「fill A with B」表示「使 A 充滿 B」,其中 A 是容器或空間,B 是填滿它的物質或情緒。
Her kind words filled my heart with warmth.
她溫暖的話語讓我的內心充滿了溫馨。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (or parenthetical inserts) can be shortened using a past participle ('loved') to describe a noun ('Music') with a passive meaning. This structure is set off by commas and provides extra information.
中文: 非限定關係子句(或插入語)可以使用過去分詞(如 'loved')進行簡化,用來修飾前面的名詞(如 'Music'),表示被動意義。此結構前後用逗號隔開,提供額外的補充說明。
The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller.
這本書由一位著名的作家所寫,成為了暢銷書。
EN: The word 'tongue' is used metaphorically here to mean 'language'. The phrase 'common tongue' refers to a shared language that people of different backgrounds use to communicate with each other.
中文: 「tongue」一詞在此處被隱喻地用來表示「語言」。片語「common tongue」指的是不同背景的人們用來互相溝通的「共同語言」。
English has become a common tongue for international business.
英語已成為國際商務的共同語言。
EN: The quote highlights the universal nature of music, a common theme in literature and anthropology. The use of 'tongue' to mean 'language' is slightly literary or poetic, elevating the tone of Hana's statement.
中文: 這句話強調了音樂的普世性,這是文學和人類學中常見的主題。用「tongue」來表示「語言」帶有文學或詩意的色彩,提升了哈娜這番話的語調與層次。
EN: The past participle 'shared' is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'song'. It indicates that the action of sharing has been performed on the song, giving it a passive meaning (a song that is shared).
中文: 過去分詞「shared」(分享)在此處作形容詞使用,用來修飾名詞「song」(歌曲)。它表示該動作是被動施加在名詞上,意為「被分享的歌曲」或「共享的歌」。
A written agreement prevents future misunderstandings.
一份書面(寫好的)協議可以防止未來的誤解。
EN: The verb 'make' can function as a causative verb with the structure 'make + object + object complement (noun/adjective)'. Here, 'makes us one people' uses the noun phrase 'one people' (meaning a single united community) as the object complement to describe the state of the object 'us'.
中文: 動詞「make」可作為使役動詞,其結構為「make + 受詞 + 受詞補語(名詞或形容詞)」。在此處,「makes us one people」使用名詞片語「one people」(意為一個團結的群體)作為受詞補語,用來描述受詞「us」(我們)的狀態。
The coach's speech made them a stronger team.
教練的演講讓他們成為一支更強大的隊伍。
EN: In English, 'people' is usually the plural form of 'person'. However, when preceded by the indefinite article 'a' or 'one' (e.g., 'a people' or 'one people'), it functions as a singular countable noun meaning 'a nation', 'a tribe', or 'a distinct community'. Here, 'one people' emphasizes unity and a shared identity transcending individual differences.
中文: 在英語中,「people」通常是「person」的複數形式(人們)。然而,當它前面加上不定冠詞「a」或「one」(例如「a people」或「one people」)時,它會轉為單數可數名詞,意指「一個民族」、「一個部落」或「一個共同體」。在這裡,「one people」強調了超越個人差異的團結與共同身分認同。
EN: Direct Speech and Reporting Verbs: In English, when reporting what someone said directly, we use quotation marks. The reporting verb (e.g., 'asks') and the speaker (e.g., 'Sarah') can be placed after the quoted speech. In this position, the subject and verb can sometimes be inverted (e.g., 'asks Sarah'), which is a common literary style.
中文: 直接引語與說話者動詞:在英語中,直接引用某人所說的話時會使用引號。說話者動詞(如 'asks')和說話者(如 'Sarah')可以放在引語之後。在此位置,主詞和動詞有時會進行倒裝(例如 'asks Sarah'),這在文學寫作中非常常見。
"I am ready," says John.
「我準備好了,」約翰說。
EN: Wh- Questions with 'Do': To form an open-ended question in the simple present tense with verbs other than 'be', we use the question word (What music) followed by the auxiliary verb 'do', the subject (you), and the base form of the main verb (love).
中文: 使用 'Do' 的特殊疑問句:在一般現在時中,若要針對非 be 動詞的動作進行開放式提問,我們會先放疑問詞(What music),接著加上助動詞 'do'、主詞(you)以及主要動詞的原形(love)。
What books do you read?
你讀什麼書?
EN: The past participle 'sung' (from the verb 'sing') is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which are sung') to modify the noun 'songs'. This is a common way to describe a noun with a passive action without using a full relative clause.
中文: 過去分詞「sung」(動詞 sing 的過去分詞)在此處用作簡化關係子句(為「which are sung」的省略),用來修飾名詞「songs」。這是一種在不使用完整關係子句的情況下,以被動動作修飾名詞的常用方法。
I like books written in English.
我喜歡用英文寫的書。
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (like 'says') comes after the quoted speech, the subject and verb can remain in the standard order (Subject + Verb, e.g., 'Emma says') or be inverted (Verb + Subject, e.g., 'says Emma'). Here, 'says Emma' is used to report who is speaking.
中文: 在直接引語中,當說話動詞(如「says」)放在引號後面時,主詞和動詞可以保持標準語序(主詞 + 動詞,例如「Emma says」),也可以倒裝(動詞 + 主詞,例如「says Emma」)。這裡使用「says Emma」來交代說話者是誰。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說。
EN: Present Participle Phrases: The present participle phrase 'playing the flute' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'The girl'. It is a shortened form of the relative clause 'who is playing the flute'.
中文: 現在分詞片語:現在分詞片語「playing the flute」在此作為形容詞使用,用來修飾名詞「The girl」(那女孩)。這是一種省略了關係代名詞的簡化結構,原句為「who is playing the flute」。
The boy holding the balloon is my brother.
拿著氣球的那個男孩是我弟弟。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verbs: When reporting what someone said, the spoken words are enclosed in quotation marks, followed by a comma, and then the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and the speaker.
中文: 直接引語與引述動詞:在引述某人所說的話時,說話的內容會放在引號內,後方加上逗號,接著是引述動詞(例如「says」)和說話者。
"I love playing the piano," says Sarah.
「我喜歡彈鋼琴,」莎拉說。
EN: Past participle phrases used as adjectives: The past participle 'written' (from the verb 'write') introduces a reduced relative clause ('written long ago') that modifies the noun 'Music'. It is equivalent to 'Music which was written long ago'.
中文: 過去分詞片語作形容詞用:過去分詞「written」(動詞 write 的過去分詞)引導一個簡化的關係子句(written long ago),用來修飾名詞「Music」(音樂)。這相當於「Music which was written long ago」。
The book written by that famous author became a bestseller.
那本由著名作家寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: The verb 'move' meaning 'to affect emotionally': In this context, 'moves' does not mean physical motion, but rather to touch someone's feelings or evoke a strong emotional response.
中文: 動詞「move」表示「感動、觸動情感」:在此語境中,「moves」並非指物理上的移動,而是指觸動某人的情感或引起強烈的情感共鳴。
Her beautiful voice moved the entire audience to tears.
她優美的歌聲感動了全場觀眾,使他們落淚。
EN: The past participle phrase 'made of wood' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'drums'. 'Made of' is used when the original material (wood) is still recognizable in the finished product.
中文: 過去分詞片語「made of wood」(由木頭製成)在此作為形容詞,修飾名詞「drums」(鼓)。「made of」用於表示製成品的原材料(木頭)在成品中依然清晰可辨。
The table made of oak is very sturdy.
那張由橡木製成的桌子非常堅固。
EN: The linking verb 'sound' is followed by the adjective 'deep' to describe the subject 'drums'. 'So' is an adverb used here to emphasize the degree of the adjective.
中文: 連繫動詞「sound」(聽起來)後面接形容詞「deep」(低沉的)來描述主詞「drums」(鼓)。「so」是副詞,在此用於強調形容詞的程度(如此、真)。
Her voice sounds so sweet.
她的聲音聽起來真甜美。
EN: Present Participle Phrases as Adjective Modifiers: The present participle phrase 'dancing in the square' (verb-ing + prepositional phrase) is used as an adjective to modify the noun 'People'. It describes an ongoing action or state of the noun, functioning similarly to a relative clause ('People who were dancing in the square...').
中文: 現在分詞片語作形容詞修飾語:現在分詞片語「dancing in the square」(動詞-ing + 介系詞片語)在此用作形容詞,用來修飾名詞「People」(人們)。它描述了該名詞正在進行的動作或狀態,功能類似於關係子句(「People who were dancing in the square...」)。
The boy playing the piano is my brother.
正在彈鋼琴的那個男孩是我的弟弟。
EN: Linking Verbs (Copula) with Adjectives: The verb 'looked' is a linking verb (sensory verb) in this sentence. It connects the subject 'People' to the subject complement 'happy', which must be an adjective, not an adverb, to describe the state or appearance of the subject.
中文: 連繫動詞(感官動詞)搭配形容詞:在本句中,動詞「looked」是一個連繫動詞(感官動詞)。它將主詞「People」與主詞補語「happy」連接起來。此補語必須是形容詞而非副詞,用來描述主詞的狀態或外觀。
The soup smelled delicious.
這湯聞起來很香。
EN: Past participle as an adjective modifier: The past participle 'shared' (from the verb 'share') is used here as an adjective modifying the noun 'song'. The phrase 'shared by friends' acts as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is shared by friends') to describe the song.
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:動詞「share」的過去分詞「shared」在此處用作形容詞,修飾名詞「song」(歌曲)。片語「shared by friends」相當於簡化關係子句(即「which is shared by friends」的省略),用來描述這首歌。
A book written by a famous author is on the table.
一本由著名作家寫的書在桌子上。
EN: Linking verb 'feel' with an adjective: 'Feel' is a linking verb (copula) that connects the subject to a subject complement (an adjective, not an adverb) to describe the subject's state or quality. Here, 'sweeter' is the comparative form of the adjective 'sweet'.
中文: 連繫動詞「feel」後接形容詞:連繫動詞「feel」(感覺)用來連接主詞與主詞補語(必須是形容詞,而非副詞),以描述主詞的狀態或特質。在此處,「sweeter」是形容詞「sweet」的比較級形式。
The warm soup feels good on a cold day.
在寒冷的日子裡,熱湯感覺很棒。
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). It can be followed by an object and a past participle (V-pp) to describe an action that is done to the object, emphasizing a passive experience.
中文: 感官動詞「hear」(聽見)後面可以接受詞和過去分詞(V-pp),用來表示受詞被動地接受某個動作,強調被動的體驗。
I heard my name called in the crowd.
我聽到有人在人群中叫我的名字。
EN: The past participle phrase 'played on a violin' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'tune'. It is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which was played on a violin'.
中文: 過去分詞片語「played on a violin」在此作形容詞用,修飾名詞「tune」(曲子)。這是一個簡化關係子句,由「which was played on a violin」簡化而來。
The book written by the famous author became a bestseller.
這本由著名作家撰寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN: Past Participle as Post-modifier: The past participle phrase 'told through music' is used as an adjective to modify the noun 'Stories' from behind. It indicates a passive action (stories that are told).
中文: 過去分詞作後置修飾語:過去分詞片語「told through music」(透過音樂訴說)用作形容詞,從後面修飾名詞「Stories」(故事)。它表示被動動作(被訴說的故事)。
The songs written by Emma are very popular.
艾瑪寫的歌非常受歡迎。
EN: Direct Speech with Inversion: In English, when reporting direct speech, the reporting verb (says) can optionally come before the subject (Hana) when the subject is a noun, though standard order (Hana says) is also common.
中文: 直接引語與倒裝:在英語中,當引用直接引語時,如果主詞是名詞,報告動詞(says)可以選擇性地放在主詞(Hana)之前,不過標準語序(Hana says)也同樣常見。
"I love music," says Leo.
「我愛音樂,」里奧說。
EN: The phrase 'cross borders' metaphorically means to transcend cultural, geographic, or political boundaries, highlighting music as a universal language that connects people of different backgrounds.
中文: 「cross borders」(跨越國界)隱喻超越文化、地理或政治界限,強調音樂作為一種通用語言,能夠將不同背景的人們聯繫在一起。
EN: Past Participle as an Adjective Modifier: The past participle phrase 'loved by all' is used as an adjective to modify the noun 'melody'. It describes the state of the melody being loved, functioning like a relative clause 'which is loved by all' but in a more concise form.
中文: 過去分詞作形容詞修飾語:過去分詞片語「loved by all」(被所有人喜愛)用作形容詞來修飾名詞「melody」(旋律)。它描述了該旋律被喜愛的狀態,功能相當於關係子句「which is loved by all」,但結構更為精簡。
The book written by the famous author became a bestseller.
那本由著名作家撰寫的書成為了暢銷書。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verb: In English, when reporting what someone said, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and the speaker (e.g., 'Leo') can be placed after the direct quote. In this structure, the subject and verb can sometimes invert (e.g., 'says Leo'), which is common in literary or narrative contexts.
中文: 直接引語與引導動詞:在英語中,當轉述某人所說的話時,引導動詞(例如「says」)和說話者(例如「Leo」)可以放在直接引語之後。在這種結構中,主詞和動詞有時會進行倒裝(例如「says Leo」),這在文學或敘事語境中非常常見。
"I will arrive tomorrow," says Sarah.
「我明天會到,」莎拉說。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 有耐心的,能容忍、等待而不急躁的
在本文中: 使大為驚奇、使驚愕
在本文中: 國界,邊界
在本文中: 旋律,曲調
在本文中: 竹子
在本文中: 穩定的,持續的
在本文中: 陌生人
在本文中: 文化
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To go beyond national boundaries or limits; to be universally understood or accepted.
跨越國界、超越界線
To promote understanding and cooperation between different groups of people.
建立溝通的橋樑、消除隔閡
To give or teach something to people who are younger than you or who will live after you.
世代相傳、傳承
A shared language that people from different backgrounds use to communicate with each other.
共同語言、通用語