Florence Nightingale: A Life of Caring - Day 2佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾：關懷的一生（Day 2）
聆聽課程
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EN： The verb 'was' is the past tense of 'is'. It is used to describe a person's character or state in the past.
中文： 動詞 'was' 是 'is' 的過去式。它用來描述一個人在過去的性格或狀態。
He was a kind teacher.
他以前是一位親切的老師。
EN： Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. Her birthday, May 12, is celebrated as International Nurses Day.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被譽為現代護理學的奠基者。她的生日 5 月 12 日被定為國際護士節。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by another verb in its base form (without 'to') or with 'to'. Both 'helped change' and 'helped to change' are correct.
中文： 動詞「help」後面可以直接接原形動詞，也可以接「to + 原形動詞」。「helped change」和「helped to change」都是正確的用法。
He helped clean the kitchen.
他幫助清理了廚房。
EN： In the 19th century, hospitals were often dangerous and unsanitary. Florence Nightingale's focus on cleanliness and organization revolutionized modern medicine.
中文： 在 19 世紀，醫院通常是危險且不衛生的。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾對清潔和組織的重視徹底改變了現代醫學。
EN： Use 'be born' in the past tense (was/were born) to talk about someone's birth. Use 'in' before a city, country, or year.
中文： 使用過去式的「be born」(was/were born) 來描述某人的出生。在城市、國家或年份之前要使用介係詞「in」。
He was born in Germany in 1995.
他於 1995 年出生在德國。
EN： In the 19th century, it was common for wealthy English families to travel or live in Italy. Although Florence Nightingale was born in Italy, she is considered a British national hero because of her family background and her work in the UK.
中文： 在 19 世紀，富有的英國家庭在義大利旅行或居住是很常見的。雖然佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾出生於義大利，但由於她的家庭背景以及她在英國的工作，她被視為英國的民族英雄。
EN： The phrase 'want to + verb' is used to express a desire or intention to do an action.
中文： 「want to + 動詞」的句型用來表達想要做某件事的願望或意圖。
I want to learn English.
我想要學英文。
EN： In the 19th century, it was very unusual for women from wealthy families like Florence Nightingale's to work as nurses, as the job was considered low-status and dirty.
中文： 在 19 世紀，像佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾這樣出身富裕家庭的女性去當護士是非常罕見的，因為當時這份工作被認為地位低下且骯髒。
EN： Use 'didn't' + 'base verb' to talk about actions that did not happen in the past.
中文： 使用「didn't」加上「動詞原形」來描述過去沒有發生的動作或狀態。
He didn't want to go to the party.
他當時不想去參加派對。
EN： In the 19th century, nursing was considered a low-status job for poor people. Wealthy families like Florence Nightingale's expected their daughters to marry well, not to work in dirty hospitals.
中文： 在 19 世紀，護理被認為是窮人做的低等工作。像 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 這樣富有的家庭，通常期望女兒能嫁入好人家，而不是在骯髒的醫院工作。
EN： Use 'didn't' (did not) followed by the base form of a verb to talk about things that were not true or did not happen in the past.
中文： 使用「didn't」（did not）後接動詞原形，用來描述過去並非事實或過去沒有發生的事情。
He didn't like the food.
他不喜歡那道食物。
EN： In the 19th century, nursing was considered a low-status job for poor women. Wealthy families expected their daughters to marry and manage a home, not to work in dirty hospitals.
中文： 在 19 世紀，護理工作被認為是貧窮女性從事的低地位工作。富有的家庭期望他們的女兒結婚並管理家務，而不是在骯髒的醫院工作。
EN： The past simple tense is used to describe actions that happened and finished in the past. For regular verbs like 'follow', we add '-ed' to the end.
中文： 過去簡單式用於描述過去已經發生並完成的動作。對於像 'follow' 這樣的規則動詞，我們在結尾加上 '-ed'。
He followed the map to find the house.
他跟著地圖找到了那間房子。
EN： In the 19th century, women from wealthy families were expected to marry and manage a household, not to work. Florence Nightingale's decision to become a nurse was a significant act of rebellion against social class expectations.
中文： 在 19 世紀，富裕家庭的女性被期望結婚並管理家務，而不是出去工作。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾決定成為一名護士，是對當時社會階級期望的一種重大反抗。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or goal of an action.
中文： 使用「to + 動詞」（不定詞）來表示某個動作的目的或目標。
He went to the store to buy milk.
他去商店買牛奶。
EN： In the 19th century, Germany was home to the Kaiserswerth Deaconess Institute, one of the few places where women could receive formal training in nursing, which was why Florence Nightingale went there to study.
中文： 在 19 世紀，德國擁有凱撒斯韋特執事女修道院，這是當時少數女性可以接受正式護理培訓的地方之一，這也是為什麼佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾前往那裡學習的原因。
EN： Use 'When' to join two events that happened at the same time in the past.
中文： 使用「When」來連接兩個在過去同時發生的事件。
When the bell rang, the students left the room.
當鈴聲響起時，學生們離開了教室。
EN： The Crimean War (1853–1856) was a major conflict where nursing conditions were famously poor until Florence Nightingale arrived to improve them.
中文： 克里米亞戰爭（1853-1856年）是一場重大的衝突，當時的護理條件極差，直到 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 到達並改善了這些情況。
EN： Use 'were' to describe a state or condition of plural subjects in the past.
中文： 使用 'were' 來描述複數主詞在過去的狀態或情況。
The rooms were very cold.
那些房間以前非常冷。
EN： In the mid-19th century, hospitals during wartime often lacked basic sanitation, which is why Nightingale's focus on cleanliness was revolutionary.
中文： 在 19 世紀中期，戰時醫院通常缺乏基本的衛生設施，這也是為什麼南丁格爾對清潔的重視具有革命性的意義。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or reason why someone does something.
中文： 使用「to + 動詞」（不定詞）來表示某人做某事的目的或原因。
I went to the store to buy milk.
我去了商店買牛奶。
EN： In the mid-19th century, it was very unusual for a woman of Florence Nightingale's high social standing to work in hospitals, which were then considered dirty and dangerous places. Her decision to lead a team of nurses to Crimea was a revolutionary step for women's roles in society.
中文： 在 19 世紀中葉，像 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 這樣具有高社會地位的女性在醫院工作是非常罕見的，因為當時的醫院被認為是骯髒且危險的地方。她決定帶領護士團隊前往 克里米亞，是女性社會角色的一大革命性進步。
EN： When listing three or more actions, we use commas between the items and the word 'and' before the last item.
中文： 當列舉三個或更多動作時，我們在項目之間使用逗號，並在最後一個項目之前加上 'and'。
He ate breakfast, brushed his teeth, and went to school.
他吃了早餐，刷了牙，然後去上學。
EN： In the 1850s, hospital hygiene was very poor. Florence Nightingale's focus on basic cleanliness and fresh air was revolutionary and saved many lives, forming the basis of modern nursing.
中文： 在 1850 年代，醫院的衛生條件非常差。佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾對基本清潔和新鮮空氣的重視是革命性的，挽救了許多生命，並構成了現代護理學的基礎。
EN： The phrase 'the number of' is followed by a plural noun (men) but takes a singular verb (went) because the subject is the 'number' itself.
中文： 「the number of」後面接複數名詞（men），但主詞是「數量」本身，因此動詞要對應單數主詞（在此為過去式 went）。
The number of students in the class is twenty.
班上學生的數量是二十人。
EN： This sentence highlights the immediate impact of Florence Nightingale's sanitary reforms. Her focus on hygiene significantly reduced mortality rates, which was a revolutionary concept in 19th-century medicine.
中文： 這句話強調了佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾衛生改革的即時成效。她對衛生的重視顯著降低了死亡率，這在 19 世紀的醫學界是一個革命性的觀念。
EN： The '-ing' form (checking) is used here to show an action happening at the same time as the main verb (worked).
中文： 這裡使用 '-ing' 形式（checking）來表示與主動詞（worked）同時發生的動作，用來補充說明主詞當時正在做什麼。
He sat on the sofa, reading a book.
他坐在沙發上，讀著一本書。
EN： The image of Florence Nightingale with a lamp became a symbol of nursing. It represents her dedication to patients even during the dark hours of the night.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾提著燈的形象成為了護理專業的象徵。這代表了她對病患的奉獻精神，即使在深夜也不間斷地照顧他們。
EN： The verb 'call' can be used with two objects: the person being called and the name or title given to them (Call + Someone + Name).
中文： 動詞「call」可以接兩個受詞：被稱呼的人以及給予他們的名稱或頭銜（稱呼 + 某人 + 某個名字）。
They call him the King of Pop.
他們稱他為流行音樂之王。
EN： The nickname 'Lady with the Lamp' comes from how Florence Nightingale would check on wounded soldiers at night. It became a symbol of her dedication and the beginning of modern nursing.
中文： 「提燈女士」這個綽號源於佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾在夜間巡視受傷士兵的行為。這成為了她奉獻精神的象徵，也標誌著現代護理學的開端。
EN： Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to show the purpose or reason why someone does something.
中文： 使用「to + 動詞」（不定詞）來表示某人做某事的目的或原因。
He went to the library to study.
他去圖書館是為了學習。
EN： Florence Nightingale founded the first scientifically based nursing school, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, at St Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860. This marked the beginning of professional nursing education.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾於 1860 年在倫敦聖多馬醫院創立了第一所基於科學基礎的護理學校——南丁格爾護士訓練學校。這標誌著專業護理教育的開始。
EN： Using '-ing' (Gerunds) after a preposition: When a verb follows a preposition like 'about', we add '-ing' to the verb to turn it into a noun.
中文： 在介係詞之後使用動名詞 (-ing)：當動詞接在像 'about' 這樣的介係詞之後時，我們會在動詞字尾加上 '-ing'，使其變成名詞形式。
He is interested in learning English.
他對學習英文感興趣。
EN： Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. Her emphasis on hygiene (like washing hands) was revolutionary in the 19th century and saved countless lives.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被認為是現代護理學的奠基人。她在 19 世紀強調衛生（如洗手）的觀念具有革命性，並拯救了無數生命。
EN： The phrase 'lived to be' is used to state the age a person reached before they died.
中文： 短語「lived to be」用來描述某人活到了幾歲。
My grandfather lived to be 95.
我的祖父活到了 95 歲。
EN： In the 19th century, living to be 90 years old was very rare due to limited medical knowledge, making Nightingale's long life as a health pioneer quite remarkable.
中文： 在 19 世紀，由於醫療知識有限，活到 90 歲是非常罕見的，這使得南丁格爾作為健康先驅的長壽顯得格外引人注目。
EN： The word 'wrote' is the past tense of 'write'. We use the past tense to talk about actions that happened and finished in the past.
中文： 單字 'wrote' 是 'write' 的過去式。我們使用過去式來描述發生在過去且已經完成的動作。
He wrote a long email yesterday.
他昨天寫了一封長長的電子郵件。
EN： Florence Nightingale's writings were revolutionary because they used data and clear instructions to improve medical standards, which was uncommon for women in the 19th century.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾的著作具有革命性，因為她利用數據和清晰的指示來提高醫療標準，這在 19 世紀的女性中是非常罕見的。
EN： The word 'still' is used to say that a situation continues to exist and has not changed. It usually goes before the main verb.
中文： 單字 'still' 用來表示某個情況持續存在且沒有改變。它通常放在主要動詞之前。
I still live in the same house.
我仍然住在同一個房子裡。
EN： In this context, 'work' refers to Florence Nightingale's lifelong achievements and the standards she set for nursing, rather than just a daily job. Her birthday, May 12th, is celebrated globally as International Nurses Day.
中文： 在本文中，'work' 指的是 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾 一生的成就以及她為護理工作設立的標準，而不僅僅是一份日常工作。她的生日 5 月 12 日被定為國際護師節，全球都會慶祝。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by another verb in its base form (without 'to') to show what action was assisted.
中文： 動詞「help」(幫助) 後面可以直接接另一個原形動詞，用來表示所協助的動作。
He helped clean the kitchen.
他幫助清理了廚房。
EN： Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. Her emphasis on hygiene (like washing hands and clean air) was revolutionary in the 19th century and remains the standard for hospital care today.
中文： 佛羅倫斯·南丁格爾被認為是現代護理學的奠基人。她在 19 世紀強調的衛生觀念（如洗手和空氣流通）在當時是革命性的，至今仍是醫院照護的標準。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 有愛心的、關懷他人的
在本文中： 護理師、護士
在本文中： 擁擠的
在本文中： 病人、患者
在本文中： 訓練、培訓
在本文中： 健康
在本文中： 更安全的
在本文中： 永遠地、永久地
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To pursue or try to achieve what one has always wanted to do.
追隨夢想
To examine someone or something to make sure they are safe, correct, or in good condition.
查看、檢查（狀況）
A nickname given to Florence Nightingale because she would visit patients at night carrying a lamp.
提燈女士
To decrease in amount, level, or number.
下降、減少
The services provided by medical professionals to look after a patient.
病人照護