EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'who') provide extra, non-essential information about a person. They are separated from the main clause by commas, and the relative pronoun 'who' cannot be replaced by 'that'.
中文： 非限定關係子句（使用 'who'）用於對人提供額外的、非必要的補充說明。這種子句前後需使用逗號與主句隔開，且關係代名詞 'who' 在此處不能用 'that' 替換。
My English teacher, who loves reading novels, recommended this book to me.
我的英文老師（她很喜歡看小說）向我推薦了這本書。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has died') is used here to report recent news or events that have a strong connection to the present, focusing on the current state of the event.
中文： 現在完成式（'has died'）在此處用於報導最近發生的新聞或事件，強調該事件與現在的關聯性，並著重於目前的狀態。
The famous actor has retired from his acting career.
這位著名演員已經從他的演藝生涯中退休了。
EN： Sir Garfield Sobers is widely regarded as one of the greatest cricket players of all time. The title 'Sir' indicates that he was knighted by the British monarchy for his outstanding contributions to the sport, a high honor in Commonwealth countries.
中文： 加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士被廣泛認為是板球歷史上最偉大的球員之一。名字前的「Sir」（爵士）頭銜表示他因對體育運動的傑出貢獻而榮獲英國王室授勳封爵，這在大英國協國家是一項極高的榮譽。
EN： The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to single out one person or thing that possesses a quality to the highest degree among a group. Note that the noun following this structure must always be in its plural form.
中文： 「one of the + 最高級形容詞 + 複數名詞」的結構，用於在一個群體中挑選出某個在某方面達到最高程度的人或事物。請注意，此結構後面的名詞必須使用複數形式。
She is one of the most talented musicians in the orchestra.
她是管弦樂團中最有才華的音樂家之一。
EN： Prepositional phrases starting with 'in' and 'of' are used here as post-modifiers (adjectival phrases) to restrict and define the scope of 'all-rounders'. 'In the history' defines the temporal scope, while 'of cricket' specifies the domain.
中文： 這裡以 'in' 和 'of' 開頭的介系詞片語用作後置修飾語（形容詞片語），用來限制和界定「全能選手（all-rounders）」的範圍。'In the history' 定義了時間範圍，而 'of cricket' 則指定了領域。
He is a legend in the history of football.
他是足球歷史上的一位傳奇人物。
EN： In cricket, an 'all-rounder' is a player who excels at both batting and bowling. True all-rounders are rare and highly valued because they effectively allow a team to play an extra player. Sir Garfield Sobers is universally regarded as the gold standard for all-rounders in the history of the sport.
中文： 在板球運動中，「all-rounder」（全能選手）是指在擊球（batting）和投球（bowling）兩方面都表現極為出色的球員。真正的全能選手非常罕見且極具價值，因為他們相當於讓球隊多出了一名球員。加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士被公認為該運動歷史上全能選手的黃金標準。
EN： Apposition (同位語) is a grammatical construction in which two elements, typically noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify or define the other. In this sentence, 'Daniel' is an appositive that identifies 'His son'.
中文： 同位語（Apposition）是一種語法結構，其中兩個名詞短語並列放置，其中一個用於識別或定義另一個。在本句中，「丹尼爾」是一個同位語，用來具體說明「他的兒子」是誰。
My friend Sarah loves reading.
我的朋友莎拉熱愛閱讀。
EN： The simple past tense (過去簡單式) is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past. It is often used with past time expressions such as 'on Friday'.
中文： 過去簡單式（Simple Past Tense）用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作。它經常與過去的時間表達語（例如「在週五」）連用。
She finished her homework last night.
她昨晚完成了她的家庭作業。
EN： In English news reporting, it is common to introduce a person by their relationship to the main subject first (e.g., 'His son Daniel') to provide immediate context, rather than just stating the name. Additionally, specific days of the week are capitalized in English and preceded by the preposition 'on'.
中文： 在英文新聞報導中，通常會先透過與主角的關係來介紹某人（例如「His son Daniel」），以提供即時的背景資訊，而不是僅僅陳述名字。此外，英文中的星期幾首字母必須大寫，且前面要使用介系詞「on」。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass away' is a polite and respectful euphemism used instead of the word 'die' to talk about someone's death.
中文： 片語動詞「pass away」是一個禮貌且尊重的委婉說法，用來代替「die」（死亡）以談論某人的逝世。
My grandfather passed away peacefully in his sleep last night.
我的祖父昨晚在睡夢中安詳地過世了。
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate a time preceding an event. It can be modified by a specific duration (e.g., 'ten days before') to show exactly how much earlier the event occurred.
中文： 介係詞「before」用於表示在某個事件之前的時間。它前面可以加上具體的時間長度（例如「ten days before」，即十天前），以精確說明該事件提早了多久發生。
We arrived at the airport two hours before our flight.
我們在班機起飛前兩小時抵達了機場。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, discussing death directly using the word 'died' can sometimes feel harsh, especially when paying tribute to a respected public figure or loved one. Euphemisms like 'passed away' or 'passed' are widely preferred in obituaries and formal news to show respect and offer comfort.
中文： 在英語系國家中，直接使用「died」（死亡）一詞來討論逝世有時會顯得過於生硬，特別是在向受人尊敬的公眾人物或摯愛致敬時。在訃聞和正式新聞中，人們更傾向使用「passed away」或「passed」等委婉說法，以示尊重並帶來慰藉。
EN： The relative clause 'that lasted for twenty years...' is introduced by the relative pronoun 'that'. It functions as an adjective clause modifying the noun 'career'. 'That' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係子句（形容詞子句）「that lasted for twenty years...」由關係代名詞「that」引導，用來修飾先行詞（名詞）「career」（職業生涯）。在此子句中，「that」擔任主詞的角色。
She has a business that employs over fifty people.
她擁有一家雇用超過五十名員工的公司。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the duration of an action or state, answering the question 'how long?'. It is followed by a period of time (e.g., 'twenty years').
中文： 介係詞「for」用於表示某個動作或狀態持續的時間長度，回答「多久？」的問題。後面接一段時間（例如「twenty years」，二十年）。
They lived in Paris for five years before moving to London.
他們在搬到倫敦之前，在巴黎住了五年。
EN： The 'West Indies' in cricket does not refer to a single country, but rather a sporting confederation of over ten Caribbean countries and territories. Historically, they were a dominant force in world cricket during the mid-to-late 20th century, and Sir Garfield Sobers is widely regarded as their greatest icon.
中文： 板球運動中的「西印度群島」（West Indies）並非指單一國家，而是由十多個加勒比海地區國家與領地組成的體育聯盟。在20世紀中後期，他們曾是世界板球壇的霸主，而加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士被廣泛視為該隊最偉大的代表人物。
EN： The Simple Past Tense (e.g., 'played') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past.
中文： 簡單過去式（例如「played」）用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作或狀態。
She visited London in 2015.
她在2015年訪問了倫敦。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'between A and B' is used to indicate a range of time, numbers, or space connecting two specific points.
中文： 介系詞片語「between A and B」（在 A 與 B 之間）用於表示連接兩個特定點的時間、數量或空間範圍。
The museum is open between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.
該博物館在上午9點至下午5點之間開放。
EN： In cricket, 'Test matches' are the longest and highest level of international cricket, lasting up to five days. Playing 93 Test matches over a 20-year span (1954-1974) represents an exceptionally long and elite career, cementing Sir Garfield Sobers' status as a legend of the sport.
中文： 在板球運動中，「測試賽」（Test matches）是時間最長且級別最高的國際比賽，一場比賽可長達五天。在20年（1954-1974）的職業生涯中參加93場測試賽，代表著極其持久且頂尖的競技生涯，這奠定了加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士作為該項運動傳奇人物的地位。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun that has already been clearly identified. They are separated from the main clause by commas.
中文： 非限定關係子句（使用 'which'）用於對已經明確識別的名詞添加額外的、非必要的補充說明。這種子句與主句之間會用逗號隔開。
She bought a new laptop, which cost her a fortune.
她買了一台新筆記型電腦，花了他一大筆錢。
EN： The past simple tense is used to describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past, such as 'scored' and 'included' in this historical context.
中文： 簡單過去式用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作，在此歷史背景中如 'scored'（得分）和 'included'（包括）。
EN： In cricket, a 'run' is the basic unit of scoring. A 'century' is a highly prestigious individual milestone where a single batter scores 100 or more runs in a single innings. Scoring 26 centuries in Test cricket is an extraordinary achievement that solidifies Sir Garfield Sobers' legendary status.
中文： 在板球運動中，「run」是基本得分單位。「century」（百打/單局破百）是一項極具聲望的個人里程碑，指單一擊球手在單局比賽中獲得 100 分或以上。在測試賽（Test cricket）中拿下 26 次單局破百是一項非凡的成就，這奠定了加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士的傳奇地位。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that gives essential information about a person (in this case, 'a skilled left-arm bowler'). The clause 'who took 235 wickets...' describes the bowler's achievement.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定性關係子句，提供關於人（在此指「一位熟練的左臂投球手」）的必要資訊。子句「who took 235 wickets...」修飾並說明該投球手的成就。
She is a talented artist who won several international awards last year.
她是一位去年獲得了數個國際獎項的才華橫溢的藝術家。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and also' is used to connect two noun phrases ('a left-handed batter' and 'a skilled left-arm bowler') that function as subject complements, emphasizing that the subject possesses both qualities.
中文： 對等連接詞「and also」（而且也是）用於連接兩個作為主詞補語的名詞片語（「a left-handed batter」與「a skilled left-arm bowler」），用以強調主詞同時具備這兩種身份或特質。
He is an excellent teacher and also a successful writer.
他是一位優秀的教師，同時也是一位成功的作家。
EN： In cricket, 'Test cricket' is the longest and highest standard of first-class cricket, played between national representative teams. Taking 'wickets' refers to a bowler dismissing a batter, which is a primary defensive achievement in the sport. Sir Garfield Sobers' achievement of 235 wickets alongside his batting record solidifies his status as one of the greatest 'all-rounders' (players skilled at both batting and bowling) in history.
中文： 在板球運動中，「測試賽」（Test cricket）是國家代表隊之間進行的時間最長、水平最高的頂級賽事。奪得「三柱門」（wickets）是指投球手將擊球手淘汰出局，這是該運動中主要的防守成就。加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士（Sir Garfield Sobers）在擁有輝煌擊球紀錄的同時還奪得 235 個三柱門，這奠定了他作為歷史上最偉大「全能球員」（all-rounders，即精通擊球與投球的球員）的地位。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the person/thing affected by the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle'. In this sentence, 'is remembered' (present simple passive) shows that Sobers is the object of the remembering.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或受該動作影響的人或物，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」。在本句中，「is remembered」（現在簡單式被動語態）表示索伯斯是被世人所銘記的對象。
The historic building is visited by thousands of tourists every year.
這棟歷史建築每年都有數千名遊客造訪。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used here to introduce the reason or cause for which someone or something is famous, known, or remembered. The pattern is 'be remembered/known for + noun/gerund'.
中文： 介係詞「for」在此處用於引導某人或某事因何而聞名、為人所知或被銘記的原因。常用句型為「be remembered/known for + 名詞/動名詞」。
The city is famous for its beautiful parks.
這座城市以其美麗的公園而聞名。
EN： In 1968, Sir Garfield Sobers made cricket history by becoming the first player to hit six sixes in a single over (six consecutive maximum-scoring hits) in first-class cricket while playing for Nottinghamshire. This is considered one of the most legendary individual achievements in the sport, cementing his status as an all-time great.
中文： 1968 年，加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士代表諾丁漢郡隊參賽時，單局連續擊出六次六分打（six sixes），成為一級板球歷史上首位達成此壯舉的球員。這被視為板球運動中最具傳奇色彩的個人成就之一，奠定了他作為史上最偉大球員的地位。
EN： The infinitive 'to hit' is used here as an adjective modifying the noun phrase 'the first batter'. In English, ordinal numbers (first, second, etc.) or words like 'last' and 'only' are frequently followed by a 'to-infinitive' to describe an action performed by that person or thing.
中文： 不定詞「to hit」在此處作為形容詞，修飾名詞片語「the first batter」（第一位擊球手）。在英文中，序數（第一、第二等）或像「last」（最後）、「only」（唯一）這樣的詞，後面經常接「不定詞（to-infinitive）」來描述該人或事物所完成的動作。
She was the first person to arrive at the party.
她是第一個到達派對的人。
EN： The verb 'become' is a linking verb (copula) that connects the subject with a subject complement (a noun or adjective that describes or identifies the subject). In this sentence, 'the first batter...' is the noun phrase acting as the subject complement.
中文： 動詞「become」（成為）是一個連繫動詞（copula），用來連接主詞與主詞補語（修飾或說明主詞身份的名詞或形容詞）。在本句中，「the first batter...」即為充當主詞補語的名詞片語。
He became a professional football player at the age of eighteen.
他在十八歲時成為了一名職業足球員。
EN： In cricket, an 'over' consists of six consecutive balls bowled by a bowler from one end. Hitting 'six sixes' in an over means the batter scored the maximum possible runs (6 runs per ball, totaling 36) from every single ball of that over. This is an extremely rare and legendary feat in 'first-class cricket' (the highest standard of domestic long-form cricket).
中文： 在板球（cricket）運動中，一輪（over）由投手連續投出的六顆球組成。在單一輪中擊出「六次六分打（six sixes）」意味著擊球手在這一輪的每一顆球都擊出了最高得分（每球6分，共36分）。這在「一流板球賽事（first-class cricket，指最高水準的國內長途賽事）」中是一項極其罕見且具傳奇色彩的壯舉。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here ('was made') because the action (making the achievement) is more important than the person who did it, or to keep the focus on 'this achievement' as the subject.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）在此處（'was made'）被使用，是因為該動作（達成這項成就）比執行動作的人更為重要，或者為了將焦點保持在作為主詞的「這項成就」上。
The decision was made by the committee yesterday.
該決定是委員會昨天做出的。
EN： The past continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used here ('was playing') to describe an action that was in progress at a specific point in the past, which provides the background for another event.
中文： 過去進行式（was/were + 現在分詞）在此處（'was playing'）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點正在進行的動作，這為另一個事件提供了背景脈絡。
She was studying when the phone rang.
電話響起時，她正在看書。
EN： This sentence refers to county cricket in England. 'Nottinghamshire' and 'Glamorgan' are two of the historic first-class county clubs. Playing 'for' one county 'against' another is the standard way to describe domestic cricket matches in the UK.
中文： 本句提及的是英國的郡際板球賽（county cricket）。「諾丁漢郡」（Nottinghamshire）與「格拉摩根」（Glamorgan）是歷史悠久的甲級郡級俱樂部。在英國，代表（for）某個郡對抗（against）另一個郡是描述國內板球賽事的標準說法。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used here to introduce a defining relative clause ('that amazed cricket fans around the world') which modifies the noun 'record'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'amazed'.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」在此處用於引導限定修飾關係子句（that amazed cricket fans around the world），用來修飾先行詞名詞「record」（紀錄）。在此子句中，「that」充當動詞「amazed」的主詞。
She wrote a book that inspired millions of readers.
她寫了一本啟發了數百萬名讀者的書。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'around the world' is a common idiom used to describe something that spans across the entire globe or is applicable globally.
中文： 介系詞片語「around the world」是一個常見的慣用語，用來描述跨越全球或適用於全球的事物，意為「全世界」或「環球」。
The news spread quickly around the world.
這則新聞迅速傳遍了全世界。
EN： Cricket is a sport with immense popularity in Commonwealth nations, particularly in the UK, Australia, India, and the West Indies. Hitting six sixes in a single over (six consecutive balls) is an extremely rare and legendary feat in cricket history, comparable to a perfect game in baseball.
中文： 板球是在大英國協國家（特別是英國、澳洲、印度和西印度群島）極受歡迎的運動。在單一輪（連續六球）中擊出六次六分打（相當於全壘打）是板球史上極其罕見且傳奇的壯舉，堪比棒球中的完全比賽。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The conjunction 'that' is used to introduce a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the reporting verb 'said'. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted, but it is kept here for formal written clarity.
中文： 由「that」引導的名詞子句：連接詞「that」用於引導一個名詞子句，作為轉述動詞「said」的直接受詞。在非正式英語中，「that」常被省略，但在此處保留以維持正式書面語的清晰度。
She said that she would arrive on time.
她說她會準時到達。
EN： Relative Clause with 'who': The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies the noun 'cricketer'. The phrase 'ever lived' inside the clause emphasizes the superlative 'the greatest'.
中文： 由「who」引導的關係子句：關係代名詞「who」引導一個形容詞子句（關係子句），用來修飾名詞「cricketer」（板球運動員）。子句中的「ever lived」用來強調最高級「the greatest」（最偉大的）。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study history.
他就是那位啟發我學習歷史的老師。
EN： Brian Lara is himself widely regarded as one of the greatest batters in the history of cricket. When a legend like Lara refers to Sir Garfield Sobers as 'the greatest cricketer who ever lived,' it carries immense weight and respect within the global cricket community, highlighting Sobers' unparalleled legacy.
中文： 布萊恩·拉拉本人也被廣泛認為是板球歷史上最偉大的擊球手之一。當像拉拉這樣的傳奇人物稱加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士為「有史以來最偉大的板球運動員」時，這在全球板球界具有極高的分量與敬意，突顯了索伯斯無可比擬的歷史地位。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate adverbial clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause happens.
中文： 連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導原因狀語從句，解釋主句動作發生的原因。
She succeeded because she worked hard.
她成功是因為她努力工作。
EN： The noun clause 'what a true all-rounder can achieve' acts as the direct object of the verb 'showed'. The pronoun 'what' functions as the object of the verb 'achieve' within the clause.
中文： 名詞子句「what a true all-rounder can achieve」作為動詞「showed」的直接受詞。關係代名詞「what」在子句中擔任動詞「achieve」的受詞。
He showed what a dedicated student can do.
他展現了一個專注的學生所能做到的事。
EN： In cricket, an 'all-rounder' is a player who excels at both batting and bowling. This is a highly valued and rare status in the sport. Sir Garfield Sobers is widely regarded as the greatest all-rounder in cricket history, making Brian Lara's tribute highly significant within the global cricket community.
中文： 在板球運動中，「all-rounder」（全能球員）是指在擊球（batting）和投球（bowling）兩方面都表現極為出色的球員。這在板球界是非常罕見且備受推崇的定位。加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士被公認為板球史上最偉大的全能球員，因此布萊恩·拉拉的這番致敬在國際板球界具有極高的分量。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has lost') is used here to describe a recent action in the past that has a strong relevance or impact on the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（has lost）在此處用於描述過去剛發生、且對現在有重大影響或關聯的事件。
The music world has lost a legendary singer today.
音樂界今天失去了一位傳奇歌手。
EN： The structure 'one of + superlative adjective + plural noun' ('one of its most talented and beloved figures') is used to single out one individual from a group that shares a common, highly-rated characteristic.
中文： 結構「one of + 最高級形容詞 + 複數名詞」（one of its most talented and beloved figures）用於從具有某種極高特徵的群體中，指出其中的一個個體。
She is one of the most successful entrepreneurs in the country.
她是該國最成功的企業家之一。
EN： Cricket is a sport with immense cultural significance in Commonwealth nations, particularly in the West Indies, England, Australia, and South Asia. The passing of a legendary figure like Sir Garfield Sobers is felt as a national and global loss, transcending sports to impact cultural identity.
中文： 板球在大英國協國家（特別是西印度群島、英國、澳洲和南亞）具有巨大的文化影響力。像加菲爾德·索伯斯爵士這樣傳奇人物的逝世，被視為國家和全球的重大損失，其影響力超越了體育本身，深植於文化認同之中。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 非凡的、引人注目的、卓越的
在本文中： 職業生涯、生涯
在本文中： 成就、成績
在本文中： 使大為驚奇、使驚嘆
在本文中： 留給後世的影響、遺產
在本文中： 鼓舞、激勵、啟發
在本文中： 世代、一代人
在本文中： 深受喜愛的、受愛戴的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To die (used as a polite or gentle way to refer to someone's death)
過世、逝世
A player who is skilled at both batting and bowling in cricket; or a versatile person with many skills
全能選手、多才多藝的人
An international cricket match of the highest level, played over up to five days
對抗賽、測試賽（板球最高級別的國際賽事）