EN： The verb 'value' is used as a transitive verb meaning to regard highly, appreciate, or consider someone or something to be important.
中文： 動詞「value」在此作為及物動詞，意思是「珍視」、「重視」或「感激」某人或某事，表示該對象在心中有很高的分量。
I value your advice because you have more experience.
我非常重視你的建議，因為你更有經驗。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that gives the reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用來引導一個表示原因的從屬子句，用以解釋主句動作發生的原因。
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.
她待在家裡，因為她覺得身體不舒服。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. Unlike in Chinese where 'although' (雖然) and 'but' (但是) are often used together, in English, you must not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 從屬連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示兩個想法之間的對比。與中文常將「雖然」和「但是」連用不同，在英文中，當使用了「although」時，主要子句中絕對不能再使用「but」。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然正在下雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'get along' means to have a harmonious or friendly relationship with someone. It is often followed by 'well' to emphasize a good relationship, or 'with' when specifying the person.
中文： 片語動詞「get along」意為與某人相處融洽、關係和諧。後面常接「well」以強調關係良好，若要具體說明與誰相處，則後接介系詞「with」。
Do you get along with your new classmates?
你和你的新同學相處得好嗎？
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause ('We laugh together') happens at the same time as the action in the dependent clause ('we feel down').
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用來引導時間副詞子句，表示主句的動作（我們一起大笑）與從屬子句的動作（我們心情低落）在同一時間發生。
We listen to music when we clean the room.
我們打掃房間時會聽音樂。
EN： The linking verb 'feel' is followed by an adjective (subject complement) to describe the subject's emotional or physical state. In this sentence, 'down' is an adjective meaning sad or depressed.
中文： 連繫動詞「feel」（感覺）後面接形容詞（主詞補語），用來描述主詞的情緒或身體狀態。在本句中，「down」是形容詞，意思是「沮喪的」或「心情低落的」。
She feels tired after a long walk.
長途步行後她感到疲倦。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, sharing vulnerability (feeling 'down') and responding with shared humor or 'laughing together' is considered a cornerstone of deep, supportive friendships. The phrase 'feel down' is a very common, informal way to express sadness without sounding overly clinical.
中文： 在英語系國家中，分享脆弱（感覺「down」）並以幽默或「一起大笑」來回應，被視為深厚且互相支持的友誼基石。片語「feel down」是一種非常常見且口語的表達沮喪或難過的方式，聽起來不會過於沉重或醫學化。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a cause-and-effect relationship where the second clause is the result of the first.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（所以）用於連接兩個獨立子句，表示因果關係，第二個子句為第一個子句所產生的結果。
It started to rain, so we stayed indoors.
開始下雨了，所以我們待在室內。
EN： The Simple Past Tense ('was', 'joined') is used to describe completed actions or states that happened at a specific time in the past.
中文： 簡單過去式（如本句中的「was」與「joined」）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作或狀態。
She was tired, so she went to bed early.
她那時很累，所以很早就上床睡覺了。
EN： In English-speaking countries, joining a 'club' (such as a sports team, book club, or hobby group) is a very common and encouraged social strategy to overcome loneliness, make new friends, and integrate into a community, especially in school or university settings.
中文： 在英語系國家的文化中，加入「社團」（club，如運動隊伍、讀書會或興趣小組）是克服寂寞、結交新朋友並融入社群非常常見且受鼓勵的社交方式，特別是在學校或大學階段。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'while' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that two actions are happening at the same time. When the 'while' clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「while」（當……的時候）用於引導時間副詞子句，表示兩個動作同時發生。當「while」引導的子句放在句首時，後面必須加上逗號與主要子句隔開。
While I was cooking dinner, my brother was watching TV.
當我在做晚餐時，我弟弟正在看電視。
EN： The frequency adverb 'often' describes how regularly an action occurs. In present simple tense, frequency adverbs are typically placed before the main verb (helps) but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb.
中文： 頻率副詞「often」（經常）用來描述動作發生的頻繁程度。在現在簡單時態中，頻率副詞通常放在一般動詞（如本句的 helps）之前，但放在助動詞或 be 動詞之後。
She often goes to the library on weekends.
她週末經常去圖書館。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) that express contrasting ideas. In this sentence, it connects the negative action of arguing with the positive action of making up.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」（但是）用於連接兩個表示對比概念的獨立子句（完整句子）。在本句中，它將「爭吵」這一負面行為與「和好」這一正面行為連結起來。
She was tired, but she finished her homework.
她很累，但她還是完成了功課。
EN： The phrasal verb 'make up' means to reconcile or become friends again after an argument or fight. It is an intransitive phrasal verb in this context, meaning it does not require a direct object.
中文： 片語動詞「make up」意為「和好」或「和解」，指在爭吵或衝突後恢復友好關係。在此語境中，它是不及物片語動詞，後面不需要接直接受詞。
They often argue about small things, but they always make up quickly.
他們常為小事爭吵，但總是很快就和好。
EN： In Western culture, open communication and expressing disagreement (arguing) are often seen as healthy aspects of a relationship, as long as they are resolved. The phrase 'make up' highlights the value placed on reconciliation and maintaining strong, honest friendships despite occasional conflicts.
中文： 在西方文化中，坦誠溝通和表達不同意見（爭吵）通常被視為人際關係中健康的元素，只要問題最終能得到解決。片語「make up」（和好）強調了即使偶有衝突，人們依然非常重視和解以及維持深厚、真誠的友誼。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'. It indicates that if the condition is met, the result is highly likely to happen.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於描述在現在或未來極可能發生的真實情況。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」。這表示如果條件達成，結果就很有可能發生。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： The phrase 'be there' (or 'be there for someone') is a common idiom meaning to be available to support, help, or comfort someone when they are going through a difficult time.
中文： 片語「be there」（或「be there for someone」）是一個常見的片語，意思是當某人遭遇困難時，隨時準備好給予支持、幫助或安慰（在某人身邊）。
Don't worry, I will always be there for you.
別擔心，我會一直陪在你身邊。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, offering emotional support with phrases like 'I'll be there' is a cornerstone of deep friendship. It emphasizes reliability and emotional availability, which are highly valued traits in personal relationships.
中文： 在英語系國家的文化中，用「I'll be there」這類的話來提供情感支持是深厚友誼的基石。它強調了可靠性與隨時給予陪伴的承諾，這在人際關係中是被高度重視的特質。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause. In English, the 'because' clause can come after the main clause without a comma.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句，為主要子句中的行為提供原因。在英文中，當「because」子句放在主要子句後面時，中間通常不需要加逗號。
I stayed home because it was raining.
我待在家裡，因為下雨了。
EN： The idiom 'keep one's promise' means to do what you said you would do. In the third person singular present tense, 'keep' becomes 'keeps' to agree with the subject 'she'.
中文： 片語「keep one's promise」意為「遵守諾言、守信用」。在第三人稱單數現在式中，動詞「keep」必須加上 s 變成「keeps」，以與主詞「she」達成主動詞一致性。
He always keeps his promises, so you can rely on him.
他總是守信用，所以你可以信賴他。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, keeping one's word or promises is considered a cornerstone of personal integrity and trust. The phrase 'keep one's promises' is highly valued in both personal friendships and professional relationships.
中文： 在英語系國家中，守信用（keeping one's word/promises）被視為個人誠信與信任的基石。無論是在私人友誼還是職場關係中，「keep one's promises」都是一項受到高度重視的特質。
EN： The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. It is stronger than 'although' and 'though'. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「even though」（雖然、儘管）用於引導讓步子句，表示「儘管事實如此」。它的語氣比「although」和「though」更強烈。請注意，在英文中，當句首使用「even though」時，主要子句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Even though it was raining heavily, they went for a walk.
雖然雨下得很大，他們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb meaning 'to continue to be in a particular state'. It is followed by an adjective (like 'close') to describe the subject.
中文： 動詞「stay」可以作為連綴動詞，表示「保持某種狀態」。後面接形容詞（如「close」）來修飾主詞。
Please stay calm during the meeting.
會議期間請保持冷靜。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, maintaining close friendships despite physical distance is highly valued. The phrase 'stay close' refers to emotional proximity and regular communication, which has become much easier with modern technology and social media.
中文： 在英語系國家中，儘管地理距離遙遠仍維持親密的友誼是被高度珍視的。「stay close」指的是情感上的親近與頻繁的聯繫，這在現代科技與社群媒體的輔助下變得更加容易。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two parallel grammatical elements (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.) to emphasize that both items are included. In this sentence, it connects two noun phrases: 'good times' and 'hard times'.
中文： 相關連接詞「both... and...」（兩者都……）用於連接兩個對等的語法元素（如名詞、形容詞、動詞等），以強調兩者皆包含在內。在本句中，它連接了兩個名詞片語：「good times」（順境）與「hard times」（逆境）。
She is both intelligent and hard-working.
她既聰明又勤奮。
EN： The verb 'share' means to experience or have something in common with others. When used with 'times' (such as good or hard times), it means to go through those life experiences together.
中文： 動詞「share」在這裡表示與他人共同經歷或分享。當與「times」（時光/時期，如順境或逆境）連用時，意指共同度過這些人生經歷、同甘共苦。
We shared many laughs during our trip.
我們在旅行中共同分享了許多歡笑。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, 'sharing good times and hard times' is a core definition of deep, lasting friendship. It reflects the value placed on loyalty and mutual support, similar to the Chinese idiom '同甘共苦' (sharing sweetness and bitterness together).
中文： 在英語系國家中，「sharing good times and hard times」（分享好時光與艱難時光）是深厚且持久友誼的核心定義。這反映了人們對忠誠與互相扶持的重視，與中文成語「同甘共苦」的意境完全契合。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or moment under which the action in the main clause ('Friendship grows') occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用來引導時間副詞子句，表示主句動作（Friendship grows，友誼增長）發生的時間或條件。
We feel happy when we play games.
當我們玩遊戲時，我們感到快樂。
EN： The phrasal verb 'spend time' means to pass time doing something or being with someone. It is often followed by 'together' to emphasize shared experiences.
中文： 片語動詞「spend time」意為「度過時間」或「花時間」在某事或某人身上。後面常接「together」（在一起）以強調共同經歷的時光。
They spend time reading every evening.
他們每天晚上花時間閱讀。
EN： The conjunction 'whether... or...' is used to express that a statement is true in either of the two mentioned cases (it doesn't matter which of the two conditions is met). It introduces an adverbial clause of concession.
中文： 連接詞「whether... or...」（無論是……還是……）用於表示在所提到的兩種情況下，主要子句的陳述都成立（不論是哪一種條件都不影響結果）。這常用於引導讓步副詞子句。
Whether it rains or shines, we will go hiking.
無論下雨還是晴天，我們都會去健行。
EN： The verb 'stay' is used here as an intransitive verb meaning to remain in a place, state, or relationship rather than leaving. It emphasizes loyalty and constancy.
中文： 動詞「stay」在此處作為不及物動詞，意思是留在某個地方、狀態或關係中而不離去。它強調了忠誠與不離不棄的特質。
I promise to stay by your side.
我承諾會留在你身邊。
EN： The idiom 'play a role in' means to be involved in something and have an influence on it. The adjective 'huge' is placed before 'role' to emphasize the significance of the influence.
中文： 片語「play a role in」（在……中扮演角色/起作用）表示參與某事並對其產生影響。形容詞「huge」（極大的）置於「role」之前，用以強調該影響力的顯著程度。
Technology plays a key role in modern education.
科技在現代教育中扮演著關鍵角色。
EN： The phrase 'who we become' is a noun clause functioning as the object of the preposition 'in'. It is introduced by the interrogative pronoun 'who' and follows statement word order (subject + verb).
中文： 「who we become」是一個名詞子句，作為介係詞「in」的受詞。它由疑問代名詞「who」引導，並使用陳述句語序（主詞 + 動詞）。
Our choices shape who we are.
我們的選擇塑造了我們是怎樣的人。
EN： This sentence reflects a common Western philosophical and psychological view that our social environment and friendships deeply shape our personal identity and growth, rather than identity being purely innate.
中文： 這句話反映了西方常見的哲學與心理學觀點，即我們的社交環境和友誼會深刻地塑造我們的個人認同與成長，而非認為人格特質完全是天生的。
EN： The past simple tense ('met', 'were') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. In this sentence, 'met' is the irregular past form of 'meet', and 'were' is the past plural form of the verb 'be'.
中文： 過去簡單式（如 'met'、'were'）用於描述過去已完成的動作或狀態。在本句中，'met' 是動詞 'meet' 的不規則過去式，而 'were' 則是 be 動詞的複數過去式。
We bought our first house when we were twenty-five years old.
我們在二十五歲時買了我們的第一棟房子。
EN： The temporal conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the specific time at which the main action occurred.
中文： 時間連接詞 'when' 用於引導時間副詞子句，表示主要動作發生的特定時間點。
I started learning piano when I was a child.
我小時候開始學習鋼琴。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, childhood friendships that survive into adulthood are highly cherished. The phrase 'best friend' is often used to denote a unique, sibling-like bond, and sharing the exact age or milestone (like being six, which is typically the age of starting primary school) emphasizes a shared history.
中文： 在英語系國家中，能維持到成年時期的童年友誼被視為非常珍貴。'best friend'（最好的朋友）這個詞通常用來表示一種獨特的、如同手足般的深厚情誼。而分享具體的年齡或里程碑（例如六歲，通常是開始上小學的年紀）更強調了兩人共同成長的歷史背景。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing contrast. In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect the clauses.
中文： 從屬連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示對比。在英文中，「although」與「but」（但是）不能同時出現在同一個句子中來連接兩個子句。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used when two or more people perform the same action toward one another.
中文： 相互代名詞「each other」（彼此、互相）用於兩個人或以上對彼此做出相同動作時。
They love each other very much.
他們非常愛彼此。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'one another' is used to show that two or more people perform the same action toward each other. While 'each other' is often preferred for two people and 'one another' for more than two, they are largely interchangeable in modern English.
中文： 相互代名詞「one another」（彼此、互相）用於表示兩個或兩個以上的人對彼此做出相同的動作。雖然在傳統文法中，兩者之間常用「each other」，三人以上常用「one another」，但在現代英語中兩者基本上可以互換使用。
The team members always encourage one another during difficult matches.
隊員們在困難的比賽中總是互相鼓勵。
EN： The nominal relative clause 'what friends do' acts as a noun phrase serving as the subject complement after the linking verb 'is'. In this structure, 'what' means 'the thing(s) that'.
中文： 名詞性關係子句「what friends do」（朋友所做的事）在此作為連繫動詞「is」後面的主詞補語。在這種結構中，「what」相當於「the thing(s) that」（……的事情）。
EN： In Western culture, friendship is highly valued as an egalitarian relationship based on mutual support and emotional reciprocity. Saying 'that is what friends do' reflects a common cultural expectation that friends should naturally help each other without expecting immediate repayment or keeping score.
中文： 在西方文化中，友誼被視為一種基於相互支持和情感互惠的平等關係。說出「that is what friends do」（那就是朋友該做的事）反映了一種共同的文化期望，即朋友之間應該自然地互相幫助，而不去計較回報或得失。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate the time at which an action takes place. When the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 由 'when' 引導的時間副詞子句，用來表示某個動作發生的時間。當 'when' 子句放在句首時，需要用逗號與主要子句隔開。
When it rains, we stay indoors.
下雨時，我們會待在室內。
EN： The structure 'know how to + verb' is used to express ability or knowledge of how to perform a certain action. 'Cheer [someone] up' is a phrasal verb meaning to make someone feel happier. Since 'me' is a pronoun, it must go between 'cheer' and 'up'.
中文： 結構 'know how to + 動詞' 用於表達有能力或知道如何進行某個動作。'Cheer [someone] up' 是一個片語動詞，意思是使某人高興起來。因為 'me' 是代名詞，所以必須放在 'cheer' 和 'up' 之間。
He knows how to play the guitar to cheer her up.
他知道如何彈吉他來讓她開心。
EN： The conjunction 'while' is used at the beginning of a subordinate clause to show contrast between two facts or ideas, similar to 'although' or 'whereas'.
中文： 從屬連接詞「while」可用於引導從屬子句，表示兩個事實或想法之間的對比，意思相當於「雖然」或「然而」。
While I prefer tea, my sister loves coffee.
雖然我比較喜歡茶，但我姐姐卻熱愛咖啡。
EN： The phrase 'be good at' means to be skilled or proficient in a particular area. When comparing abilities, we use the comparative form 'be better at'.
中文： 片語「be good at」表示擅長某個領域。當要比較兩者的能力時，會使用比較級形式「be better at」（更擅長）。
He is good at playing the piano, but his brother is even better at it.
他很擅長彈鋼琴，但他弟弟甚至更擅長。
EN： In Western education, acknowledging and celebrating individual differences in strengths (e.g., one being good at STEM subjects and another at humanities) is highly encouraged. It highlights the value of complementary friendships where friends support each other's growth.
中文： 在西方教育與文化中，非常鼓勵承認並讚賞個人在不同領域的優勢（例如：一個人擅長理工科，另一個人擅長人文學科）。這強調了互補型友誼的價值，朋友們可以在不同的領域中互相扶持與學習。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people perform the same action toward one another. In this sentence, 'We help each other' means 'I help my friend, and my friend helps me.'
中文： 相互代名詞「each other」（彼此、互相）用於表示兩個或更多人對彼此做出相同的動作。在本句中，「We help each other」表示「我幫助我的朋友，而我的朋友也幫助我」。
They love each other.
他們彼此相愛。
EN： The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common structure meaning to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly.
中文： 動詞「keep」後面接動名詞（V-ing）是一個常見的結構，表示不間斷地持續做某事，或重複進行某動作。
She kept practicing the piano until she got it right.
她持續練習鋼琴，直到彈對為止。
EN： The conjunction 'Even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'even though' or 'although' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「Even though」（雖然、儘管）用於引導讓步子句，表示「儘管事實如此」。在英文語法中，當句首使用了「even though」或「although」時，後面的主句「絕對不能」再使用「but」（但是）。
Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed by an adjective (like 'angry') rather than an adverb.
中文： 動詞「stay」在此處作為連繫動詞（linking verb），表示「保持某種狀態」。其後方須接形容詞（如本句中的 angry）而非副詞，用來修飾主詞的狀態。
Please stay calm during the meeting.
會議期間請保持冷靜。
EN： In Western friendships, open communication and expressing differing opinions are highly valued. Disagreeing is not seen as a threat to the relationship, but rather as a normal part of healthy communication, provided that friends 'make up' and do not hold grudges.
中文： 在西方文化中，朋友之間坦誠溝通、表達不同意見是被高度重視的。意見不合（disagree）並不被視為對友誼的威脅，反而被認為是健康溝通的正常部分，關鍵在於雙方能「和好」且不記恨（never stay angry）。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Will + Verb' or 'If + Simple Present, Simple Present' (for general truths or habitual actions, often called the Zero Conditional). In this sentence, the simple present in both clauses ('makes', 'offers') describes a general rule or habitual behavior in their friendship.
中文： 第一條件句（或零條件句）用於描述真實且可能發生的情況。結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」或「If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」（用於表示常理或習慣性動作）。在本句中，兩個子句皆使用現在簡單式（makes, offers），用來描述他們友誼中一貫的原則或習慣。
If it rains, we stay inside and play board games.
如果下雨，我們就會待在室內玩桌遊。
EN： The pronoun 'one of us' refers to a single person within a group, so it takes a singular verb ('makes'). Similarly, 'the other' refers to the remaining one person of the two, which is also singular and takes a singular verb ('offers').
中文： 代名詞「one of us」（我們其中之一）指的是群體中的單數個體，因此後方接單數動詞（makes）。同理，「the other」（兩者中的另一個）指的是兩個人中剩下的一位，亦為單數，因此接單數動詞（offers）。
EN： Passive Voice (is built on): Used when the subject receives the action. 'Be + past participle' (is built) indicates that friendship does not build itself, but is constructed by these values.
中文： 被動語態（is built on）：當主詞是動作的接受者時使用。「Be 動詞 + 過去分詞」（is built）表示友誼並非自己建立，而是由這些價值觀所建構而成。
A strong marriage is built on mutual respect.
堅固的婚姻是建立在相互尊重的基礎之上的。
EN： Parallel Structure in Lists: When listing items, they should share the same grammatical form. Here, 'trust', 'time', and 'kindness' are all abstract nouns serving as objects of the preposition 'on'.
中文： 排比結構（平行結構）：在列舉項目時，它們應具備相同的語法形式。在此處，「trust（信任）」、「time（時間）」和「kindness（善意）」皆為抽象名詞，共同作為介系詞「on」的受詞。
Success requires dedication, patience, and hard work.
成功需要專注、耐心和努力。
EN： In Western culture, friendship is highly valued as a voluntary relationship built on mutual respect and shared values, rather than just social obligation. The mention of 'trust, time, and kindness' reflects the universal ingredients of deep, lasting relationships in English-speaking societies.
中文： 在西方文化中，友誼被視為一種建立在相互尊重和共同價值觀之上的自願性關係，而非僅僅是社會義務。句中提到的「信任、時間和善意」反映了英語系國家中對於深厚且持久人際關係的普遍核心定義。
EN： The adjective 'thankful' is commonly followed by the preposition 'for' to express gratitude toward someone or something. The pattern is 'be thankful for + noun/gerund'.
中文： 形容詞「thankful」（感激的）後面通常接介系詞「for」，用來表示對某人或某事物的感激。常用句型為「be thankful for + 名詞/動名詞」。
I am thankful for your help during the difficult times.
我很感激你在困難時期給予的幫助。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who walk beside me') to modify the plural noun 'friends'. Since 'who' refers to 'friends' (plural), the verb that follows must be in its plural form ('walk').
中文： 關係代名詞「who」引導限定修飾的關係子句（who walk beside me），用來修飾複數名詞「friends」。因為「who」代替的是複數的「friends」，所以後面的動詞必須使用複數形（walk）。
I like people who listen to others patiently.
我喜歡耐心傾聽他人說話的人。
EN： The phrase 'walk beside someone' is a common English idiom meaning to support, accompany, or stand by someone through life's journey, especially during difficult times. It emphasizes equality and companionship rather than leading or following.
中文： 片語「walk beside someone」（走在某人身邊）是一個常見的英文比喻，意指在人生的旅途中支持、陪伴或與某人並肩同行，特別是在面臨困難的時刻。它強調的是平等與陪伴，而非領導或跟隨。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both A and B' is used to join two grammatical elements of equal importance, meaning 'not only A but also B'. In this sentence, it connects two nouns: 'joy' and 'hardship'.
中文： 相關連接詞「both A and B」用於連接兩個同等重要的語法元素，表示「不僅 A 而且 B（兩者皆…）」。在本句中，它連接了兩個名詞：「joy」（快樂）與「hardship」（艱難）。
The program is designed to improve both reading and writing skills.
這個計畫旨在提升閱讀與寫作兩方面的技能。
EN： The verb 'make' is used here as a causative verb with the structure 'make + object + object complement (adjective)'. It means to cause the object to be in a certain state. Here, 'easier' is the comparative adjective describing the state of 'both joy and hardship'.
中文： 動詞「make」在此作為使役動詞，使用「make + 受詞 + 受詞補語（形容詞）」的結構，表示使受詞處於某種狀態。在這裡，「easier」（更容易的）是比較級形容詞，用來修飾受詞「both joy and hardship」的狀態。
Regular exercise makes your body stronger.
規律運動能讓你的身體更強壯。
EN： This sentence reflects a universal value in English-speaking cultures regarding friendship, often summarized by the famous proverb: 'A joy shared is a joy doubled; a sorrow shared is a half sorrow.' Sharing both positive and negative life experiences is considered the foundation of deep, lasting relationships.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家對於友誼的普世價值觀，正如著名的諺語所說：「分享快樂，快樂加倍；分擔痛苦，痛苦減半。」在西方文化中，共同經歷並分享生活中的順境與逆境，被視為建立深厚且持久友誼的基石。
EN： The structure 'Why do you + verb...?' is used to ask for the reason behind someone's actions or feelings. 'Do' acts as an auxiliary verb (helping verb) to form the question in the simple present tense.
中文： 「Why do you + 動詞...?」結構用於詢問某人行為或感受背後的原因。這裡的「do」是助動詞，用來幫助一般現在時的動詞形成疑問句。
Why do you study English so hard?
你為什麼這麼努力學英文？
EN： The adverb 'so' is used before adjectives or other adverbs to mean 'to such a great degree' or 'extremely'. In this sentence, 'so much' modifies the verb 'trust' to show a high degree of trust.
中文： 副詞「so」用於形容詞或副詞之前，表示「如此地」或「非常地」。在本句中，「so much」（這麼地）修飾動詞「trust」（信任），表示極高程度的信任。
Thank you so much for your help.
非常感謝你的幫忙。
EN： In English conversations, placing the listener's name (like 'Hana') at the very end of a question is a common way to make the inquiry feel more personal, direct, and warm, rather than sounding like an interrogation.
中文： 在英語對話中，將聽者的名字（如「哈娜」）放在句尾是一種常見的社交技巧。這樣做能讓詢問顯得更具個人關懷、直接且溫暖，而不會顯得像是在審問對方。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that gives the reason for the action in the main clause. In this sentence, 'because she is always honest' explains why 'I trust her'.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句，以說明主句動作的原因。在本句中，「because she is always honest」解釋了「I trust her」的原因。
I like this book because it is very interesting.
我喜歡這本書，因為它非常有趣。
EN： Adverbs of frequency (such as 'always', 'usually', 'often', 'sometimes', 'never') describe how often an action occurs. They are typically placed after the 'be' verb (am/is/are/was/were) but before main verbs.
中文： 頻率副詞（如「always」、「usually」、「often」、「sometimes」、「never」）用來描述動作發生的頻率。它們通常放在 be 動詞（am/is/are/was/were）之後，但放在一般動詞之前。
He is always on time for school.
他上學總是準時。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 從屬連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示兩個想法之間的對比。在英文中，當句首使用了「although」時，主要子句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to describe a general truth, a permanent state, or a characteristic of the speaker and their friends.
中文： 這裡使用現在簡單式來描述一個普遍的事實、永久的狀態，或是說話者及其朋友的特質。
She loves music because it makes her happy.
她熱愛音樂，因為音樂讓她感到快樂。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by conjunctions like 'when' to indicate the time at which an action takes place. When the adverbial clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used to separate them.
中文： 時間副詞子句由 'when'（當……時）等連接詞引導，用來表示主要子句動作發生的時間。當副詞子句放在主要子句之前時，兩者之間必須使用逗號隔開。
When it rains, we stay indoors.
下雨時，我們會待在室內。
EN： The adjective 'stressed' (or 'stressed out') describes a person feeling worried or anxious because of a difficult situation. It is commonly used with linking verbs like 'be' or 'feel'.
中文： 形容詞 'stressed'（或 'stressed out'）用來形容人因面臨困境而感到焦慮或壓力沉重。通常與連繫動詞（如 'be' 或 'feel'）連用。
She feels stressed about her upcoming exams.
她對即將到來的考試感到壓力很大。
EN： The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, meaning 'despite the fact that'. It is stronger than 'although' and 'though' and is used to connect two contrasting ideas.
中文： 連接詞「even though」用於引導讓步子句，意思是「即使、雖然」，語氣比「although」或「though」更強，用來連接兩個對比、相反的想法。
Even though it was raining, they went for a walk.
即使下著雨，他們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) followed by an adjective (like 'close') to describe remaining in a particular state or condition.
中文： 動詞「stay」可以作為連綴動詞，後面接形容詞（如「close」），用來描述保持在某種特定的狀態或情況中。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will + base verb'. It expresses a real or likely situation and its probable result.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於討論現在或未來可能發生的真實情況。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」，用來表達一個高機率會發生的條件及其可能帶來的結果。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： The collocation 'make friends' means to form friendships. The adjective 'good' can be placed before 'friends' to describe the quality of the friendships.
中文： 動詞片語「make friends」意思是「結交朋友、交朋友」。形容詞「good」可以放在「friends」前面，用來修飾並形容這段友誼的品質（好朋友）。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, where the second clause represents the result or consequence of the first clause.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（所以）用於連接兩個獨立子句，第二個子句表示第一個子句所產生的結果或影響。
It started to rain, so we stayed indoors.
開始下雨了，所以我們待在室內。
EN： The simple past tense (e.g., 'joined', 'met') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past.
中文： 簡單過去式（例如「joined」、「met」）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作或狀態。
She bought a new car yesterday.
她昨天買了一輛新車。
EN： The conjunction 'while' is used here to introduce a contrast, meaning 'although' or 'whereas'. It connects two clauses that present opposing or contrasting ideas.
中文： 從屬連接詞「while」在此處用於引導表示對比的從屬子句，意思是「雖然」或「儘管」。它將兩個呈現對比或相反想法的子句連接起來。
While I understand your point of view, I still disagree with your decision.
雖然我理解你的觀點，但我仍然不同意你的決定。
EN： The pronoun 'ones' is a plural substitute pronoun used to avoid repeating the noun 'friendships' mentioned earlier in the sentence.
中文： 代名詞「ones」是複數替代代名詞，用於避免重複句子前面已經出現過的名詞「friendships」（友誼）。
I don't like these cheap shoes; I prefer the expensive ones.
我不喜歡這些便宜的鞋子；我比較喜歡貴的那些。
EN： This sentence reflects a common philosophical view on relationships in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing quality over quantity. The distinction between casual acquaintances (whose friendships might 'fade') and true, lifelong friends is highly valued.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家文化中對於人際關係的一種常見哲學觀點，即「重質不重量」。人們非常看重泛泛之交（其友誼可能會「消逝」）與真正能維持一輩子的摯友之間的區別。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason for something. It connects the main clause ('We grow') with the subordinate adverbial clause of reason ('we encourage each other').
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導表示原因的子句。它將主要子句（We grow）與表示原因的副詞子句（we encourage each other）連接起來。
We succeeded because we worked hard.
我們成功了，是因為我們努力工作。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used when two or more people perform the same action toward one another. It functions as the object of the verb 'encourage'.
中文： 相互代名詞「each other」（彼此、互相）用於兩個人或以上對彼此做出相同動作時。在此句中，它作為動詞「encourage」的受格。
They love each other.
他們彼此相愛。
EN： The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It does not require a direct object.
中文： 動詞「matter」是不及物動詞，意思是「重要」或「有重大關係」，其後不需要接直接受詞。
Your opinion matters to us.
你的意見對我們很重要。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause happens.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用來引導表示原因的從屬子句，解釋主句動作發生的原因。
We stayed home because it was raining.
我們待在家裡是因為下雨了。
EN： In Western culture, emphasizing individual emotional well-being and the importance of social connections to prevent loneliness is a common theme in discussions about mental health and friendship.
中文： 在西方文化中，強調個人情感健康以及社交連結對於預防孤獨的重要性，是探討心理健康與友誼時非常常見的主題。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 支持；鼓勵；幫助
在本文中： 孤獨的；寂寞的
在本文中： 爭吵；爭論
在本文中： 信任；信賴
在本文中： 友誼；友情
在本文中： 個性；人格（複數形）
在本文中： 意見不合；不同意
在本文中： 艱難；困苦
在本文中： 誠實的；正直的
在本文中： 感到壓力大的；緊張的
在本文中： 變淡；逐漸消逝
在本文中： 鼓勵；激勵
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To have a harmonious or friendly relationship with someone.
相處融洽；和睦相處
To reconcile or become friends again after a quarrel or disagreement.
和好；和解
To make someone feel happier or more cheerful when they are sad.
使振作起來；使高興起來
To have a very large or important influence on a situation or someone's life.
扮演極重要的角色；起巨大作用