EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('that helps me study') which modifies the noun 'app'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'helps'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾名詞「app」(應用程式)的關係子句(that helps me study)。在此子句中,「that」擔任動詞「helps」的主詞。
This is the book that inspired me to travel.
這就是那本啟發我去旅行的書。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'helps me study' uses the bare infinitive 'study'.
中文: 動詞「help」(幫助)後面可以接受詞和原形動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞)或不定詞(帶 to 的不定詞)。在本句中,「helps me study」使用的是原形動詞「study」。
She helps her brother do his homework.
她幫助她的弟弟做功課。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that provides more information about a non-human noun (the antecedent 'a city'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which has tall buildings'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),以修飾非人的名詞(先行詞「a city」)。在此句子中,「which」在關係子句「which has tall buildings」中擔任主詞的角色。
This is the book which inspired my career.
這就是那本啟發我職業生涯的書。
EN: Direct speech reporting clause: When quoting someone directly, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and the speaker (e.g., 'Sarah') can be placed at the end of the sentence. In written English, the spoken words are enclosed in quotation marks, followed by a comma inside the quotation marks.
中文: 直接引語的敘述子句:當直接引用某人的話時,敘述動詞(例如「says」)和說話者(例如「Sarah」)可以放在句子的末尾。在書面英文中,所說的話會用引號括起來,引號內後面緊跟著一個逗號。
"I love this place," says Leo.
「我喜歡這個地方,」里奧說。
EN: Taipei is famous worldwide for 'Taipei 101', which was once the tallest building in the world. This makes the sentence highly relevant and culturally accurate when describing the skyline of Taiwan's capital.
中文: 台北以「台北101」聞名世界,該建築曾是世界第一高樓。這使得這句話在描述台灣首都的天際線時,顯得非常貼切且符合文化事實。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who designed this park' modifies the noun 'person'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'designed'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾「人」的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「who designed this park」修飾名詞「person」。由於「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,因此其後直接接動詞「designed」。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
她就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN: In written English, when reporting direct speech, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and its subject (e.g., 'Emma') can be placed at the end of the sentence. The word order can be 'says Emma' (verb + subject) or 'Emma says' (subject + verb). However, if the subject is a pronoun, we must use subject + verb (e.g., 'says she' is incorrect; it must be 'she says').
中文: 在書面英文中,引用直接引語時,敘述動詞(如「says」)及其主詞(如「Emma」)可以放在句尾。其語序可以是「says Emma」(動詞 + 主詞)或「Emma says」(主詞 + 動詞)。然而,若主詞是代名詞,則必須使用「主詞 + 動詞」的順序(例如:「says she」是不正確的,必須是「she says」)。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun ('a phone'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which has a good camera'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導修飾非人物(如本句中的「a phone」手機)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在此句中,「which」在關係子句「which has a good camera」中擔任主詞的角色。
I bought a book which explains the history of Taiwan.
我買了一本解釋台灣歷史的書。
EN: Direct speech reporting verbs: When quoting someone directly, we use reporting verbs like 'says'. In written English, the reporting clause (e.g., 'says Ryan') often follows the quoted speech, separated by a comma inside the quotation marks.
中文: 直接引語的引述動詞:當直接引用某人的話時,我們會使用像「says」(說)這樣的引述動詞。在書面英文中,引述子句(例如「says Ryan」)通常放在引號內容之後,並用引號內的逗號隔開。
"I love this city," says Sarah.
「我熱愛這座城市,」莎拉說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('that everyone loves') which modifies the noun 'museum'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'loves'. When the relative pronoun serves as the object of the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾關係子句(that everyone loves),用來修飾先行詞名詞「museum」(博物館)。在此子句中,「that」擔任動詞「loves」的直接受格。當關係代名詞在關係子句中擔任受格時,在口語或非正式英文中通常可以省略。
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
這就是我昨天買的那本書。
EN: In written English, direct speech is often followed by a reporting verb and a subject (e.g., 'says Leo'). When the subject is a proper noun, inversion can occur ('says Leo' instead of 'Leo says'), which is a common stylistic feature in narrative and journalistic writing to keep the focus on the speaker's name at the end.
中文: 在英文書寫中,直接引語後面常緊跟著引述動詞與主詞(例如「says Leo」)。當主詞是專有名詞時,可以使用倒裝結構(用「says Leo」而非「Leo says」),這是敘事和新聞寫作中常見的修辭手法,能將焦點留在句尾的說話者名字上。
"I am ready," says Sarah.
「我準備好了,」莎拉說道。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who showed us around' modifies the noun 'the guide'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句)以修飾人。在本句中,「who showed us around」修飾名詞「the guide」(導遊)。
He is the teacher who helped me with my English.
他就是那位幫助我學習英文的老師。
EN: The phrasal verb 'show someone around' means to act as a guide for someone in a new place, showing them the interesting parts.
中文: 片語動詞「show someone around」意為帶領某人參觀新地方,向他們展示有趣的部分。
We hired a local guide to show us around the city.
我們僱用了一位當地導遊帶我們參觀這座城市。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used here as a subject relative pronoun to introduce an adjective clause ('that explained the history') modifying the noun 'sign'. In this structure, 'that' refers to the thing ('a sign') and cannot be omitted because it functions as the subject of the verb 'explained' within the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」在此處用作主格關係代名詞,引導形容詞子句(關係子句)「that explained the history」來修飾名詞「sign」(告示牌)。在此結構中,「that」指代事物(a sign),且因為它在關係子句中擔任動詞「explained」的主詞,所以不能省略。
I bought a book that teaches English grammar.
我買了一本教授英文文法的書。
EN: Direct speech reporting with 'says [Name]'. In English storytelling or reporting, when a quote is followed by the reporting verb, we often use the simple present tense ('says') to make the narration feel more immediate and alive, even if the action happened in the past.
中文: 使用「says [人名]」的直接引語轉述。在英文故事敘述或報導中,當引言後面接轉述動詞時,我們經常使用現在簡單式(says)來讓敘事顯得更直接、更生動,即使該動作發生在過去也是如此。
EN: Relative Clauses with 'which': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Which' is used as a relative pronoun when the antecedent is a thing or an animal. In this sentence, 'which connects two towns' describes 'the bridge'.
中文: 使用「which」的關係子句:關係子句用於提供關於名詞(先行詞)的更多資訊。當先行詞是事物或動物時,使用「which」作為關係代名詞。在本句中,「which connects two towns」修飾了「the bridge」(橋樑)。
I bought a book which explains the history of Taipei.
我買了一本解釋台北歷史的書。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses: When the relative pronoun (who/which/that) acts as the subject of the relative clause, the verb that follows must agree in number with the antecedent. Here, 'the bridge' is singular, so the verb 'connects' is also singular.
中文: 關係子句中的主詞與動詞一致性:當關係代名詞(who/which/that)在關係子句中擔任主詞時,其後的動詞必須在單複數上與先行詞一致。在這裡,「the bridge」是單數,因此動詞「connects」也使用單數形式。
These are the tools which make our work easier.
這些是讓我們的工作變得更輕鬆的工具。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the chef'). The relative clause 'who made this great meal' acts like an adjective to specify which chef is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人(在此指「the chef」)的關係子句。關係子句「who made this great meal」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出指的是哪一位廚師。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
她就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is used in the simple present tense to report direct speech in stories or dialogues, maintaining a sense of immediacy.
中文: 說話動詞「says」使用現在簡單式,用於在故事或對話中轉述直接引語,以保持臨場感與即時感。
"I love this city," says Sarah.
「我愛這座城市,」莎拉說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used here as a subject relative pronoun to introduce a defining relative clause ('that counts my steps') which modifies the noun 'watch'. In this structure, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'counts'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」在此處用作主格關係代名詞,引導一個限定修飾名詞「watch」(手錶)的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that counts my steps」。在此結構中,「that」擔任動詞「counts」的主詞。
I bought a laptop that has a long battery life.
我買了一台電池續航力很長的筆記型電腦。
EN: Subject-verb agreement in relative clauses: When the relative pronoun (that/which/who) is the subject of the relative clause, the verb that follows must agree in number with the antecedent (the noun being modified). Here, 'a watch' is singular, so the verb 'counts' is also singular.
中文: 關係子句中的主詞與動詞一致性:當關係代名詞(that/which/who)在關係子句中作主詞時,後面的動詞必須在單複數上與先行詞(被修飾的名詞)保持一致。在此處,「a watch」是單數,因此動詞「counts」也使用單數形式。
She likes books that contain beautiful illustrations.
她喜歡含有精美插圖的書(複數先行詞 books 對應複數動詞 contain)。
EN: In English narrative and dialogue writing, it is very common to invert the subject and the reporting verb (e.g., 'says Leo' instead of 'Leo says') when the subject is a proper noun. However, if the subject is a pronoun, inversion is typically not used (e.g., 'he says', not 'says he').
中文: 在英文的敘事與對話寫作中,當說話者是專有名詞(如人名)時,經常會將主詞與引述動詞倒裝(例如「says Leo」而非「Leo says」)。然而,如果主詞是代名詞,則通常不倒裝(例如會用「he says」,而不用「says he」)。
EN: Defining relative clauses (also called restrictive relative clauses) are used to specify exactly which person or thing we are talking about. The relative pronoun 'who' is used for people and acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who travel'.
中文: 限定修飾關係子句(也稱為限制性關係子句)用於明確指出我們所指的是哪一個人或事物。關係代名詞「who」用於指代人,並在關係子句「who travel」中擔任主詞。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力學習的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: The quantifier 'a lot' is commonly used as an adverb meaning 'very much' or 'frequently' to modify verbs. In this sentence, it modifies the verb 'learn' to indicate the large amount of knowledge acquired.
中文: 數量詞「a lot」常用作副詞,意思是「非常地」或「頻繁地」,用來修飾動詞。在本句中,它修飾動詞「learn」,表示獲取了大量的知識。
He travels a lot for his job.
他因為工作的關係經常旅行。
EN: The sentence reflects a common Western cultural value that travel is not just leisure, but a vital form of experiential education and personal growth.
中文: 這句話反映了西方文化中常見的一種價值觀:旅行不僅僅是休閒娛樂,更是一種重要的體驗式教育與個人成長方式。
EN: Defining Relative Clauses with 'Which': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun. 'Which' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to things or places (not people). In this sentence, 'which have history' describes the noun 'places'.
中文: 使用「Which」的限定關係子句:關係子句用於提供關於名詞的更多資訊。關係代名詞「which」用於指代事物或地方(非人)。在本句中,「which have history」修飾名詞「places」(地方)。
The book which is on the table is mine.
桌上的那本書是我的。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Plural Nouns: When the subject of a sentence is plural ('places'), the verb must also be plural ('are'). The relative clause in between does not change this agreement.
中文: 複數名詞的主詞與動詞一致性:當句子的主詞是複數('places')時,動詞也必須是複數('are')。夾在中間的關係子句不會改變這種一致性關係。
Cities which have good public transit are easy to live in.
擁有良好大眾運輸的城市非常宜居。
EN: The verb 'love' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express a general preference or enjoyment of an activity. In this sentence, 'visiting' acts as the gerund object of 'love'.
中文: 動詞「love」(喜歡)後面可以接動名詞(動詞-ing)來表示對某項活動的普遍喜好或享受。在本句中,「visiting」作為「love」的動名詞受詞。
I love reading books in the library.
我喜歡在圖書館裡讀書。
EN: A relative clause introduced by the relative pronoun 'that' is used to modify the noun 'places'. Since 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'have'.
中文: 由關係代名詞「that」引導的關係子句(形容詞子句)用來修飾名詞「places」(地方)。因為「that」在關係子句中擔任主詞,所以後面直接接動詞「have」。
I like movies that have happy endings.
我喜歡有快樂結局的電影。
EN: The past simple tense is used to describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past (e.g., 'Last week'). 'Went' is the irregular past tense form of the verb 'go'.
中文: 過去簡單式用於描述在過去特定時間(例如「上週」)已經完成的動作。「went」是動詞「go」的不規則過去式變化。
Last year I visited a museum in Taipei.
去年我參觀了台北的一家博物館。
EN: A relative clause starts with a relative pronoun like 'which' or 'that' and is used to give more information about a noun (the antecedent). Here, 'which is very old' describes the noun 'temple'. 'Which' is used as the subject relative pronoun for things or places.
中文: 關係子句以關係代名詞(如 'which' 或 'that')開頭,用於提供關於名詞(先行詞)的更多資訊。在這裡,「which is very old」修飾名詞「temple」(寺廟)。「which」被用作修飾事物或地點的主格關係代名詞。
I bought a book which has beautiful pictures.
我買了一本有著漂亮插圖的書。
EN: The subject of this sentence is modified by a defining relative clause ('who showed us around'). The relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, referring to 'The guide'. This clause specifies exactly which guide is being talked about.
中文: 本句的主詞被限定關係子句('who showed us around')所修飾。關係代名詞 'who' 在關係子句中擔任主詞,指代前面的「導遊」(The guide)。此子句用於明確指出我們所討論的是哪一位導遊。
The teacher who helped me with my homework is very patient.
幫助我寫功課的那位老師非常耐性。
EN: The phrasal verb 'show someone around' means to act as a guide for someone in a new place, showing them the interesting parts or helping them find their way.
中文: 片語動詞 'show someone around' 意為帶領某人參觀新地方,向他們展示有趣的部分或協助他們熟悉環境。
He kindly offered to show us around the city.
他好心地主動提出要帶我們參觀這座城市。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that made the past come alive') to modify the noun 'stories'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導限制性關係子句(形容詞子句)「that made the past come alive」,用來修飾先行詞「stories」(故事)。在此子句中,「that」充當主詞的角色。
He told us stories that inspired everyone in the room.
他告訴我們那些啟發了房間裡所有人的故事。
EN: The causative verb 'make' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') to express causing a state or action. In 'made the past come alive', 'come' is the bare infinitive.
中文: 使役動詞「make」後面接賓語(受詞)和原形動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞),用來表示使某種狀態或動作發生。在「made the past come alive」中,「come」即為原形動詞。
The music made her feel happy.
這音樂讓她感到快樂。
EN: The idiom 'come alive' is often used in English to describe history, art, or stories becoming vivid, interesting, and seemingly real to the audience, rather than just dry facts.
中文: 英文片語「come alive」常用於形容歷史、藝術或故事變得生動有趣、栩栩如生,彷彿真實呈現在聽眾眼前,而非只是枯燥乏味的事實陳述。
EN: The 'There was/were...' structure is used to state the existence of something in the past. 'There' acts as a dummy subject, and the real subject is the noun phrase that follows ('a bell').
中文: 「There was/were...」結構用於表示過去某事物的存在。這裡的「There」為虛主詞,真正的受詞(主詞補語)是後面接的 noun phrase(名詞片語)「a bell」(一口鐘)。
There was a small cottage near the lake.
湖邊曾有一間小木屋。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' introduces a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies the noun 'a bell'. In this relative clause, 'which' functions as the direct object of the verb 'rang'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」引導一個關係子句(形容詞子句)來修飾名詞「a bell」(鐘)。在這個關係子句中,「which」擔任動詞「rang」的直接受格。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN: In many cultures, especially in East Asian temples, ringing a large bell is a spiritual ritual believed to bring peace, dispel bad fortune, and attract good luck, especially during New Year celebrations or temple visits.
中文: 在許多文化中(特別是東亞的寺廟),敲擊大鐘是一種精神儀式,人們相信這能帶來和平、驅除厄運並招來好運,特別是在新年慶祝或參拜寺廟時。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject pronoun to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies a person ('a man'). It connects the main clause with additional information about that person.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用作主格關係代名詞,用來引導修飾人(在此指「a man」)的關係子句(形容詞子句),將主句與關於該人物的附加資訊連結起來。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
她就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN: The present perfect tense ('has cared') is used with 'for + duration' ('for years') to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文: 現在完成式(has cared)與「for + 一段時間」(for years)連用,用來描述一個從過去開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
They have lived in Taipei for ten years.
他們在台北已經住了十年了。
EN: The sentence uses a double object pattern (ditransitive verb) with 'show'. The verb 'show' takes an indirect object (me) followed by a direct object (a garden...).
中文: 本句使用了雙賓語結構(雙賓動詞)。動詞「show」(展示)後面接間接賓語(me,我),再接直接賓語(a garden...,一個花園)。
She showed us the old photos.
她向我們展示了那些舊照片。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that blooms every spring') to describe the noun 'garden'. Since 'garden' is a thing, 'that' (or 'which') acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導限定性關係子句(that blooms every spring),用來修飾先行詞「garden」(花園)。因為「garden」是事物,所以用「that」(或「which」)在關係子句中充當主詞。
I bought a book that explains English grammar.
我買了一本解釋英文文法的書。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that provides more information about a non-human noun (the antecedent 'a small gift'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),以修飾非人的名詞(先行詞「a small gift」)。在此句子中,「which」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
She bought a book which explains the history of Taipei.
她買了一本解釋台北歷史的書。
EN: The phrase 'remind someone of something' is a common phrasal verb pattern used to mean 'to cause someone to remember or think of something'.
中文: 片語「remind someone of something」是一個常見的動詞片語結構,意思是「使某人想起或聯想到某事」。
This song reminds me of my childhood.
這首歌讓我想起了我的童年。
EN: Defining Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a relative clause ('that connect us to history') that defines or gives essential information about the plural noun 'Places'. Because 'Places' is plural, the verb in the relative clause 'connect' is in its base form.
中文: 限定關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「that」引導一個關係子句(that connect us to history),用來修飾並限定前方複數名詞「Places」(地方)。因為先行詞「Places」為複數,所以關係子句中的動詞「connect」使用原形動詞。
Books that inspire people are worth reading.
啟發人們的書值得一讀。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Intervening Clauses: When a relative clause separates the subject ('Places') from the main verb ('are'), the verb must still agree with the subject. Here, the plural subject 'Places' takes the plural verb 'are'.
中文: 主詞與動詞的一致性(受中間子句干擾):當關係子句將主詞(Places)與主要動詞(are)隔開時,動詞仍必須與主詞保持一致。在此處,複數主詞「Places」對應複數動詞「are」。
The students who study hard pass the exam.
努力學習的學生們通過了考試。
EN: Defining Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that you use most') which identifies or defines the preceding noun ('the app'). In this case, 'that' acts as the object of the verb 'use'.
中文: 限定關係子句:關係代名詞「that」引導一個限定關係子句(that you use most),用來修飾並限定前面的名詞(the app)。在此處,「that」在關係子句中擔任動詞「use」的受格。
This is the book that I read yesterday.
這是我昨天讀的那本書。
EN: Direct Speech Word Order: When reporting speech, the reporting verb (e.g., 'asks') can precede the subject (e.g., 'Sarah') when the subject is a noun, especially in written English. However, if the subject is a pronoun, the standard subject-verb order is maintained (e.g., 'she asks').
中文: 直接引語的語序:在引述說話內容時,如果主詞是名詞(如「Sarah」),引述動詞(如「asks」)可以放在主詞前面,這在書面英文中很常見。但如果主詞是代名詞,則必須維持標準的主詞+動詞語序(例如「she asks」)。
"Where are you going?" asks Leo.
「你要去哪裡?」里奧問道。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'an app'). The relative clause 'which helps me learn words' acts like an adjective to specify which app is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導限定修飾非人事物(在此為「an app」)的關係子句。關係子句「which helps me learn words」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出所指的是哪一個應用程式。
I bought a book which explains the history of Taipei.
我買了一本解釋台北歷史的書。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). In the phrase 'helps me learn', 'me' is the object and 'learn' is the bare infinitive.
中文: 動詞「help」(幫助)後面可以接受詞與原型動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞)。在片語「helps me learn」中,「me」是受詞,「learn」是原型動詞。
This tool helps me finish my work faster.
這個工具幫助我更快完成工作。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the teacher'). The relative clause 'who started the trip' acts like an adjective to specify which teacher is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(在此指「the teacher」)。關係子句「who started the trip」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出指的是哪一位老師。
He is the doctor who saved my life.
他就是救了我一命的那位醫生。
EN: The simple past tense ('started', 'says') is used here in two different ways. 'Started' indicates an action that was completed in the past, while 'says' is in the simple present tense, commonly used in reporting speech to describe what someone is saying or says habitually.
中文: 此處使用了不同的時態。「started」為簡單過去式,表示過去已完成的動作;而「says」為現在簡單式,常用於轉述言語,描述某人當下或習慣性的發言。
She is the chef who cooked this dinner, says the host.
「她就是煮了這頓晚餐的主廚,」主人說道。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a non-human noun (the gadget). In this clause, 'which' acts as the subject of the verb 'counts'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導限定修飾非人事物(此處為 the gadget,小裝置)的關係子句。在此子句中,「which」擔任動詞「counts」的主詞。
This is the map which shows the way to the museum.
這是顯示去博物館路線的地圖。
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (asks) and its subject (Hana) come after the quoted sentence, they can be placed in the standard subject-verb order ('Hana asks' or 'asks Hana' if the subject is a noun). Here, 'asks Hana' is used for narrative flow.
中文: 在直接引語中,當引導動詞(asks)和主詞(哈娜)放在引號句子之後時,可以使用標準的主詞+動詞順序。此處使用「asks Hana」使敘事語氣更為流暢自然。
"Where is the key?" asks Leo.
「鑰匙在哪裡?」里奧問道。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('that I bought last month') which modifies the noun 'the watch'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'bought'. When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾關係子句(that I bought last month),用來修飾先行詞名詞「the watch」(那支手錶)。在此子句中,「that」擔任動詞「bought」的直接受格。當關係代名詞在關係子句中擔任受格時,在非正式英語中通常可以省略。
This is the book that I read yesterday.
這是我昨天讀的那本書。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is in the simple present tense, which is commonly used in written narratives or dialogues to make the speech feel immediate and active, even when reporting something said in the past.
中文: 引用動詞「says」(說)使用現在簡單式,這在書面敘事或對話中非常常見,能讓說話內容顯得更具即時感與生動感,即使是在轉述過去所說的話。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun ('museums'). In this sentence, 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that have fun activities'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾非人事物(此處為「museums」,即博物館)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在此句子中,「that」在關係子句「that have fun activities」中擔任主詞的角色。
I like books that have colorful pictures.
我喜歡有彩色插圖的書。
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (like 'says') comes after the quoted speech, subject-verb inversion can occur (e.g., 'says Sarah'). This is a common stylistic choice in written English storytelling.
中文: 在直接引語中,當引述動詞(如「says」)置於所引述的話語之後時,常會使用主動詞倒裝的結構(例如「says Sarah」)。這是英文書面故事敘述中常見的修辭手法。
"This is my house," says Tom.
「這是我的房子,」湯姆說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the artist'). The relative clause 'who painted this wall' functions like an adjective to identify which artist is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(在此句中修飾「the artist」)。關係子句「who painted this wall」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出指的是哪一位藝術家。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
她就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN: Direct speech is used to quote the exact words spoken by someone. In English, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') can be placed after the quoted speech, and the subject ('Emma') follows it, or the subject can come first ('Emma says').
中文: 直接引語用於引用某人說過的原話。在英文中,引導說話的動詞(例如「says」)可以放在引文之後,後面接主詞(「Emma」),或者主詞也可以放在動詞前面(「Emma says」)。
"I love this city," says Sarah.
「我熱愛這座城市,」莎拉說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (the antecedent 'the tool'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which makes work easy'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導修飾非人事物(先行詞為「the tool」)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「which」在關係子句「which makes work easy」中充當主詞的角色。
This is the book which inspired my career.
這就是啟發我職業生涯的那本書。
EN: The verb 'make' can function as a causative-like verb followed by an object and an adjective object complement (make + object + adjective). This structure means 'to cause someone or something to be in a certain state'.
中文: 動詞「make」可作為使役性質的動詞,後接受詞與形容詞受詞補語(make + 受詞 + 形容詞)。此結構表示「使某人或某事處於某種狀態」。
Regular exercise makes your body strong.
規律運動能讓你的身體強壯。
EN: Subject relative clauses use relative pronouns like 'who' or 'that' to describe a noun (the antecedent) that acts as the subject of the relative clause. In this sentence, 'who ask questions' describes 'People'.
中文: 主格關係子句使用關係代名詞(如 'who' 或 'that')來修飾先行詞(名詞),該先行詞在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。在本句中,'who ask questions'(提問的人)修飾主詞 'People'(人們)。
Students who study hard usually pass the exams.
努力學習的學生通常會通過考試。
EN: Comparative adverbs are used to compare actions. For short adverbs like 'fast', we add '-er' to form the comparative 'faster' to show that an action is done more quickly.
中文: 比較級副詞用於比較動作的進行方式。對於像 'fast' 這樣的單音節副詞,我們在字尾加上 '-er' 形成比較級 'faster',表示動作進行得更快速。
She runs faster than her brother.
她跑得比她弟弟快。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a non-human subject ('a place'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which feels welcoming'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導限定修飾非人主詞(如「a place」)的關係子句。在本句中,「which」在關係子句「which feels welcoming」中擔任主詞的角色。
The book which is on the table is mine.
桌上的那本書是我的。
EN: The linking verb 'feel' is followed by an adjective ('welcoming') to describe the state or quality of the subject. 'Welcoming' means friendly and pleasant, making you feel welcome.
中文: 連綴動詞「feel」(感覺起來)後面接形容詞(如「welcoming」),用來描述主詞的狀態或特質。「Welcoming」意為親切友善、令人感到溫馨舒服的。
The hotel lobby feels cozy.
這家飯店的大廳感覺很溫馨舒適。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 設計,構思並繪製出某物的藍圖或樣式
在本文中: 連接,將兩個地方或事物聯繫在一起
在本文中: 計算,數數以得出總數
在本文中: 寺廟,用於宗教儀式或祈禱的建築
在本文中: 開花,植物的花朵綻放
在本文中: 小器具,通常指新奇、實用且設計精巧的小型電子產品
在本文中: 令人感到溫馨的,友好的,使人感覺受到歡迎的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To guide someone through a place and point out interesting features.
帶領某人參觀,導覽
To become lively, active, or interesting as if real.
變得栩栩如生,活躍起來
To make someone think of or remember something or someone.
使某人想起,令人聯想到