EN： The sentence uses the reporting verb 'warn' followed by a 'that'-noun clause, which functions as the direct object of the verb and explains what was warned.
中文： 本句使用了報導動詞「warn」（警告），後接由「that」引導的名詞子句作為受詞，用來說明警告的具體內容。
Experts have warned that extreme weather will become more frequent.
專家警告說，極端天氣將會變得更加頻繁。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express possibility or potential future consequences rather than past ability.
中文： 情態動詞「could」在此處表示可能性或未來的潛在後果，而非過去的能力。
This new policy could lead to significant economic growth.
這項新政策可能會帶來顯著的經濟成長。
EN： The Guardian is a major British daily newspaper known for its left-leaning perspective and independent investigative journalism. References to 'The Guardian' in UK news typically carry authority on policy and technological critique.
中文： 《衛報》（The Guardian）是英國極具影響力的大報之一，以中間偏左的政治立場和深入的調查報導聞名。在英國媒體與公共政策討論中，提及《衛報》通常代表具有一定權威性的分析或警示。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate a broader category ('developers'). It can be placed directly after the noun it exemplifies.
中文： 介系詞片語「such as」用於舉例說明前面提到的廣泛類別（此處為「developers」開發者），通常直接緊接在所說明的名詞後面。
Tech giants such as Apple and Google invest heavily in artificial intelligence.
像蘋果和谷歌這樣的科技巨頭在人工智慧領域投入了巨資。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a restrictive relative clause ('that businesses can use almost for free') modifying the noun phrase 'new open-weight models'. In this clause, 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'use'.
中文： 「that」引導關係子句（形容詞子句）「that businesses can use almost for free」，用來修飾前面的先行詞「new open-weight models」（新開放權重模型）。在此子句中，「that」充當動詞「use」的受詞。
Here are the tools that students can download without any cost.
這些是學生可以免費下載的工具。
EN： In recent AI terminology, 'open-weight models' refer to AI systems where the parameters (weights) are publicly shared, allowing users to run or fine-tune them locally without recurring API subscription costs, contrasting with proprietary models like OpenAI's GPT-4.
中文： 在當前的人工智慧術語中，「開放權重模型」（open-weight models）是指公開模型參數（權重）的 AI 系統。使用者可以下載到本機執行或微調，無需支付昂貴的持續 API 訂閱費用，這與 OpenAI 的 GPT-4 等封閉式專利模型形成鮮明對比。
EN： The conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason, explaining why the main clause action or state ('These models are popular') occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'because' 引導原因副詞子句，用來解釋主要子句所描述的狀態或動作（'These models are popular'）發生的原因。
He chose this laptop because it has excellent battery life.
他選擇這台筆記型電腦，是因為它有極佳的電池續航力。
EN： The preposition 'without' is followed by a gerund ('paying') to indicate an action that does not occur during or alongside the main action.
中文： 介系詞 'without' 後方接動名詞（V-ing，如此處的 'paying'），用以表示「沒有做某事」或在不做某動作的情況下完成某事。
You cannot enter the building without showing your ID.
沒有出示身分證件，你便無法進入該大樓。
EN： In British English, the noun is spelled 'licence' (with a 'c'), whereas the verb is spelled 'license' (with an 's'). In American English, 'license' is standard for both the noun and the verb forms.
中文： 在英式英文中，名詞拼寫為 'licence'（以 c 結尾），動詞則為 'license'（以 s 結尾）；但在美式英文中，無論名詞或動詞皆統一拼寫為 'license'。
EN： The verb 'compare' is commonly paired with the preposition 'to' (compare A to B) when highlighting similarities or likening one thing to another.
中文： 動詞「compare」常與介系詞「to」搭配使用（compare A to B），表示「將 A 比作 B」，強調兩者之間的相似之處。
The teacher compared the human brain to a complex computer.
老師將人腦比作一台複雜的電腦。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' introduces a non-defining (non-restrictive) relative clause, preceded by a comma, to provide extra descriptive information about 'Chinese electric cars'.
中文： 關係代名詞「which」在此引導非限定關係子句，前方帶有逗號，用來對先行詞「Chinese electric cars」（中國電動車）補充說明額外資訊。
He bought a new smartphone, which was much cheaper than his previous one.
他買了一部新智慧型手機，這部手機比他上一部便宜得多。
EN： In Western media discussions about international trade, Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) are frequently referenced as a key case study. They symbolize highly competitive pricing subsidized by state support, which sparks debates over market disruption and national security in markets like Britain and the European Union.
中文： 在西方媒體討論國際貿易時，中國電動車常被作為典型案例提及。它們代表憑藉國家補貼帶來的極具競爭力價格，這在英國與歐盟等市場引發了關於市場衝擊與國家安全的廣泛討論。
EN： The rhetorical idiom 'What is not to like?' (often contracted as 'What's not to like?') is used to emphasize that something is completely positive, attractive, or has no obvious downsides.
中文： 反問修辭片語「What is not to like?」（常縮寫為 What's not to like?）意思是「這有什麼不好的？／哪裡不好？」，用來強調某件事物非常棒、具有強大吸引力，或是毫無明顯缺點。
Free food, great music, and friendly people—what is not to like?
免費的美食、很棒的音樂和友善的人們——這有什麼不好的呢？
EN： Adverbial clause of time introduced by 'when': 'when they see the low prices' functions as an adverb modifying the main verb 'ask', indicating the specific moment or condition under which the action takes place.
中文： 由「when」引導的時間副詞子句：「when they see the low prices」在此作副詞修飾主要動詞「ask」，指明主要動作發生的特定時機或條件（當他們看到低廉的價格時）。
Customers often make quick decisions when they find a good discount.
當顧客發現不錯的折扣時，往往會迅速做出決定。
EN： The phrase 'What's not to like?' originally gained widespread popularity through Yiddish-influenced American English and later entered general British English. In commercial contexts, it reflects consumer pragmatism where immediate low costs often overshadow broader economic, security, or geopolitical implications.
中文： 「What's not to like?」最初源自帶有猶太意第緒語色彩的美國英語口語，後來廣泛融入英國英語中。在商業與消費語境中，這句話生動展現了普通消費者的務實心態——當眼前價格極具吸引力時，往往容易忽視背後潛在的經濟依賴、數據安全或地緣政治風險。
EN： Passive Voice ('are supported by'): Formed using 'be' + past participle, this structure is used when the focus is on the recipient of the action (Chinese electric cars) rather than the agent performing it (Beijing). The agent is introduced using 'by'.
中文： 被動語態（'are supported by'）：結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」，用於將焦點放在承受動作的對象（中國電動車），而非執行動作的主體（北京）。執行主體則由介系詞「by」引導。
Local farmers are supported by the government through subsidies.
當地農民透過補貼受到政府的支持。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose ('to increase ... and weaken ...'): The infinitive 'to + verb' explains the objective or reason behind an action. Here, two parallel verbs ('increase' and 'weaken') share the marker 'to' to show dual purposes.
中文： 表目的的不定詞（'to increase ... and weaken ...'）：「to + 原形動詞」可用來表達動作的目的或動機。此處透過對等連接詞「and」並列兩個動詞（increase 和 weaken），共同共享一個「to」，用以表示雙重目的。
He studied hard to pass the exam and secure a scholarship.
他努力讀書是為了通過考試並獲得獎學金。
EN： In international news and geopolitical reporting, capital cities are frequently used as metonyms for national governments (e.g., 'Beijing' refers to the Chinese government, just as 'Washington' refers to the US government or 'London' to the UK government).
中文： 在國際新聞與地緣政治報導中，首都名稱常被用作借喻（metonymy），代表該國政府。例如此處的「北京」即指代「中國政府」，類似於用「華盛頓」指代美國政府或用「倫敦」指代英國政府。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to + noun/pronoun' is used to attribute information, opinions, or statements to a specific source or person. It is often placed at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma.
中文： 介系詞片語「According to + 名詞/代名詞」用於指出資訊、意見或陳述的來源，通常放在句首並用逗號與主句隔開，意思是「根據……的說法」。
According to the report, renewable energy usage increased significantly last year.
根據這份報告，去年再生能源的使用量顯著增加。
EN： The idiom 'take something to a higher level' (or 'take sth to the next level') means to improve something, intensify it, or escalate its scale/severity.
中文： 片語「take something to a higher level」（或 take sth to the next level）意為「將某事物提升到更高境界」或「使某情況升級／加劇」。在此句中表示將威脅的嚴重程度提高至另一個層次。
Continuous training took their team performance to a higher level.
持續的訓練使他們的團隊表現提升到了更高水準。
EN： The term 'Western business' refers broadly to commercial enterprises in North America and Western Europe. In current geopolitical and economic discussions, Western businesses are often contrasted with state-subsidized Chinese tech companies in debates over market competition, intellectual property, and technological decoupling.
中文： 「Western business」（西方企業）泛指北美及西歐國家的商業體系。在當前地緣政治與經濟討論中，西方企業常在市場競爭、智慧財產權與科技脫鉤等議題上，被拿來與受國家補貼的中國科技企業進行對比。
EN： The conjunction 'while' is used here to show a direct contrast between two contrasting ideas or facts (Western technology vs. Chinese technology), meaning 'whereas'.
中文： 從屬連詞「while」在此處用來表示對比（相當於 whereas），連接兩個在某方面形成鮮明對比的子句，意為「而……」或「反之」。
Some people prefer to save their money, while others spend it immediately.
有些人喜歡把錢存起來，而有些人則立刻花掉。
EN： Ellipsis with modal verbs: 'may not' omits the repeated verb phrase 'come with some effort to provide cybersecurity' to avoid redundancy in discourse.
中文： 情態助動詞後的省略結構：句末的「may not」省略了前文已出現的動詞片語「come with some effort to provide cybersecurity」，以避免冗長和重複。
He thinks the system will work well, but experts say it may not.
他認為該系統會運作良好，但專家表示可能不會。
EN： In Western discourse on technology policy, 'cybersecurity' is often framed as a core regulatory and compliance requirement (e.g., GDPR in Europe). Critiques of cheaper foreign or state-subsidized tech often center around hidden security trade-offs, such as backdoors, data leakage, or lack of software patches.
中文： 在西方關於科技政策的公共討論中，「網路安全」（cybersecurity）常被視為不可或缺的法規與合規標準（例如歐洲的 GDPR）。對於價格低廉或獲國家補貼的外國科技產品，西方輿論經常質疑其背後可能隱含的資安妥協，例如後門程式、資料外洩或缺乏後續安全維護更新。
EN： The verb 'argue' is followed by a 'that'-noun clause acting as the direct object, reporting the writer's opinion or claim: 'argues that + [clause]'.
中文： 動詞「argue」（主張、論證）後接由「that」引導的名詞子句作為受詞，用來陳述作者的觀點或論點，構成「argues that + [子句]」的結構。
The report suggests that renewable energy is becoming more affordable.
該報告表明再生能源正變得更加實惠。
EN： 'Before' functions as a subordinating conjunction introducing an adverbial time clause ('before British companies decide...'). In time clauses referring to the future, the present simple tense ('decide') is used.
中文： 「before」在此作為從屬連接詞，引導時間副詞子句（before British companies decide...）。注意在表示將來情況的時間副詞子句中，通常使用現在簡單式（如 decide）代替未來式。
Please review the contract before you sign it.
請在簽署合約之前先審閱一遍。
EN： In Western journalistic discourse (such as The Guardian), writers frequently use reporting verbs like 'argues' or 'suggests' paired with 'risk analysis' to frame cautionary warnings about adopting foreign tech infrastructure, reflecting ongoing cybersecurity debates.
中文： 在西方新聞報導（如《衛報》）中，作者常用「argues」（主張）搭配「risk analysis」（風險分析）等專業詞彙來對採納外部技術基礎設施提出審慎警告，這反映了西方近期針對國家安全與科技供應鏈風險的廣泛辯論。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 警告；告誡
在本文中： 風險；危險
在本文中： 開發者；研發人員
在本文中： 發布；推出
在本文中： 許可證；軟體授權
在本文中： 車輛；交通工具
在本文中： 出口；輸出
在本文中： 削弱；減弱
在本文中： 威脅；威脅來源
在本文中： 網絡安全；資訊安全
在本文中： 分析
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Computer systems able to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
人工智慧
AI models whose neural network weights are made publicly accessible for users to run or modify.
開放權重模型
Used to say that something is very appealing, attractive, or has no obvious flaws.
有何不可；何樂而不為；這還有什麼好挑剔的
To improve something or make it more intense, significant, or advanced.
提升到更高的層次；使…更加升級／嚴重
The process of identifying, assessing, and analyzing potential hazards or uncertainties.
風險分析