EN： Apposition (同位語): A noun phrase placed next to another noun phrase to identify or explain it. In this sentence, 'also known as the FCC' is an appositive phrase modifying 'The Federal Communications Commission'. It is set off by commas because it provides non-essential, extra information.
中文： 同位語：將一個名詞短語放在另一個名詞短語旁邊，用以說明或解釋它。在本句中，「also known as the FCC」（又稱為 FCC）是一個同位語短語，用來修飾「The Federal Communications Commission」（聯邦通信委員會）。因為它提供的是非必要的補充資訊，所以前後用逗號隔開。
Mr. Green, our English teacher, loves reading novels.
格林先生，我們的英文老師，非常喜歡讀小說。
EN： Modal Verb 'may' (情態動詞 may): Used to express possibility or permission. In this context, 'may' indicates a strong possibility that the action (changing the rules) will happen in the near future.
中文： 情態動詞「may」：用於表示可能性或許可。在此語境中，「may」表示該動作（修改規則）在不久的將來發生的可能性很高。
It may rain tomorrow, so you should bring an umbrella.
明天可能會下雨，所以你應該帶把傘。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. Net neutrality and broadband pricing transparency are highly debated political and consumer issues in the U.S.
中文： FCC（美國聯邦通信委員會）是一個受美國國會監督的獨立政府機構。它負責監管全美各州際及國際的無線電、電視、電信、衛星和電纜通信。在美國，網路中立性（Net neutrality）和寬頻定價透明度是一直以來備受爭議的政治與消費者權益議題。
EN： The Present Perfect Passive Voice ('has been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time before now, focusing on the result or the receiver of the action (the vote) rather than who performed it.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態（has been + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個不特定時間已完成的動作，強調動作的承受者（投票）或其帶來的結果，而非動作的執行者。
The meeting has been rescheduled for next Monday.
會議已被重新安排在下週一舉行。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used here to mean 'concerning' or 'regarding' a specific topic (new regulations), linking the noun 'vote' to its subject matter.
中文： 介系詞「on」在此處表示「關於」或「針對」某個特定主題（新法規），將名詞「vote（投票）」與其討論的主題連結起來。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, ... modal + verb) is used to talk about possible future events and their realistic results. In this sentence, 'If the changes are approved' (present passive) leads to the potential result 'internet providers could be allowed' (modal of possibility + passive).
中文： 第一類條件句（If + 現在簡單式，... 情態助動詞 + 動詞原形）用於討論未來可能發生的事件及其寫實的結果。在本句中，「If the changes are approved」（現在式被動語態）引導出潛在的結果「internet providers could be allowed」（表示可能性的情態助動詞 + 被動語態）。
If the weather clears up, the outdoor concert could be held as scheduled.
如果天氣轉晴，戶外音樂會可能會按計劃舉行。
EN： The passive voice construction 'be allowed to + verb' is used to show that permission is given to the subject. Here, 'could be allowed to share' means providers might receive permission to share less information.
中文： 被動語態結構「be allowed to + 動詞」用於表示主詞獲得許可。在這裡，「could be allowed to share」表示業者可能會獲得允許去分享較少的資訊。
Employees will be allowed to work from home on Fridays.
員工將被允許在星期五居家就業。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency regarding hidden fees (often called 'junk fees') is a major political and regulatory topic. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are modeled after nutrition labels on food, designed to make complex pricing easy for everyday consumers to understand.
中文： 在美國，關於隱藏費用（通常被稱為「垃圾費用」）的消費者透明度是一個重大的政治與監管議題。文中提到的「寬頻消費者標籤」是模仿食品上的營養成分表設計的，旨在讓一般消費者能輕鬆理解複雜的定價結構。
EN： The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'list').
中文： 情態助動詞「must」用於表示強烈的義務或必要性（必須）。其後接動詞原形（在此句中為「list」）。
All employees must wear safety helmets inside the construction site.
所有員工在施工現場內必須配戴安全帽。
EN： The adverb 'separately' modifies the verb 'list', describing how the action should be performed (one by one, not combined).
中文： 副詞「separately」（分別地、個別地）修飾動詞「list」，用來描述該動作應該如何被執行（逐一列出，而非合併）。
The two issues should be discussed separately.
這兩個問題應該分開討論。
EN： The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned here are modeled after the nutrition labels found on food products in the United States. Introduced by the FCC, they are designed to help consumers easily compare prices, speeds, and data allowances of different internet plans without hidden fees.
中文： 這裡提到的「寬頻消費標籤」（broadband consumer labels）是模仿美國食品上的「營養成分表」設計的。這是由美國聯邦通信委員會（FCC）推出的政策，旨在幫助消費者輕鬆比較不同網路方案的價格、網速和流量限制，避免隱藏費用。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'were introduced' is the past simple passive, showing that the labels did not introduce themselves, but were introduced by someone else.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）：當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要時使用。在本句中，「were introduced」是過去簡單式的被動語態，表示「這些標籤」並非自己出現，而是被（政府）推行或引入的。
The new safety guidelines were implemented last month.
新的安全指引已於上個月開始實施。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The prepositional phrase starting with 'to' (to improve) is used to express the purpose or reason for an action, answering the question 'why?'.
中文： 不定詞表目的（to + 動詞原形）：以「to」開頭的片語（to improve）用來表示某個動作的目的或原因，回答「為什麼」的問題。
She saved money to buy a new laptop.
她存錢是為了買一台新筆記型電腦。
EN： The 'Biden administration' refers to the executive branch of the U.S. government under President Joe Biden, starting in January 2021. In the U.S., major policy shifts, including consumer protection regulations like 'broadband consumer labels' (modeled after nutrition labels on food), are often closely associated with the presidential administration during which they were enacted.
中文： 「拜登政府 (Biden administration)」指的是自 2021 年 1 月起由總統喬·拜登領導的美國聯邦政府行政部門。在美國，重大的政策轉變（包括像仿照食品營養標示的「寬頻消費標籤」等消費者保護法規）通常與其頒布時的總統任期（政府）密切相關。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'help people understand' uses the bare infinitive 'understand'. Both structures are grammatically correct and carry the same meaning.
中文： 動詞「help」（幫助）後面可以接受詞，再接不帶 to 的不定詞（原形動詞）或帶 to 的不定詞。在本句中，「help people understand」使用的是原形動詞「understand」。這兩種結構在語法上都是正確的，且意思相同。
This software helps users organize their daily tasks.
這款軟體幫助使用者規劃他們的日常任務。
EN： The phrase 'what they are paying for' is a noun clause serving as the direct object of the verb 'understand'. It uses statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order, which is characteristic of indirect questions.
中文： 名詞子句「what they are paying for」作為動詞「understand」的直接受詞。它使用陳述句語序（主詞 + 動詞），而非疑問句語序，這是間接問句的特徵。
I want to know what you are looking for.
我想知道你在尋找什麼。
EN： The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned here are modeled after the nutrition labels found on food products in the United States. This is a regulatory effort to make complex pricing, speeds, and data allowances easily understandable for average consumers, preventing hidden fees.
中文： 這裡提到的「寬頻消費標籤」是模仿美國食品上的「營養成分表」設計的。這是一項監管舉措，旨在讓一般消費者容易理解複雜的資費、網速和流量限制，以防止業者收取隱藏費用。
EN： The verb pattern 'allow someone to do something' is used to show permission or capability. 'Allow' is a transitive verb that takes an object (providers) followed by an infinitive with 'to' (to combine) as the object complement.
中文： 動詞句型「allow someone to do something」（允許某人做某事）用於表示許可或賦予能力。其中「allow」為及物動詞，後接受詞（providers），再接「to + 原形動詞」（to combine）作為受詞補語。
The new software allows users to edit videos more quickly.
這款新軟體允許使用者更快速地剪輯影片。
EN： The phrasal verb pattern 'combine A into B' is used to describe bringing two or more things together to form a single entity or system.
中文： 片語動詞句型「combine A into B」（將 A 合併/結合為 B）用於描述將兩個或多個事物結合在一起，以形成一個單一的實體或系統。
The chef combined all the ingredients into a smooth paste.
主廚將所有原料混合成均勻的糊狀物。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency in utility and internet billing has been a major political and regulatory issue. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are styled after the well-known FDA nutrition labels on food, designed to make complex pricing easy to understand at a glance. Changes to these rules often spark intense debate between consumer advocacy groups and major telecom corporations.
中文： 在美國，公用事業和網路帳單的消費者透明度一直是一個主要的政治與監管議題。上下文中所提到的「寬頻消費者標籤」（broadband consumer labels）其設計靈感來自於美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）著名的食品營養成分表，旨在讓複雜的定價一目了然。這些規則的修改往往會引發消費者倡議團體與大型電信企業之間的激烈辯論。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'instead of' is used to indicate that one action or thing is replaced by another. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or a gerund (verb-ing). In this sentence, it is followed by the gerund 'listing'.
中文： 介係詞片語「instead of」（代替/與其…而不…）用於表示一個動作或事物被另一個所取代。其後必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞（V-ing）。在本句中，它後面接的是動名詞「listing」。
Instead of driving to work, she decided to walk for some exercise.
與其開車上班，她決定走路以順便運動。
EN： The relative clause 'that covers all possible charges' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'total'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係子句「that covers all possible charges」是一個形容詞子句，用來修飾名詞「total」（總額）。關係代名詞「that」在該關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
We need a system that tracks our daily expenses automatically.
我們需要一個能自動記錄我們日常開銷的系統。
EN： In the United States, 'hidden fees' on utility, internet, and phone bills have long been a source of consumer frustration. The term 'up to' is commonly used by service providers in marketing (e.g., 'speeds up to 100 Mbps') to legally protect themselves while setting high expectations, which is why regulatory changes regarding these terms are highly controversial.
中文： 在美國，公用事業、網路和電話帳單上的「隱藏費用」長期以來一直是消費者不滿的來源。服務商在行銷中常用「up to」（最高/多達，例如「網速高達 100 Mbps」）一詞，在法律上保護自己，同時又給消費者很高的預期。這也是為什麼有關這些字眼的法規變更會引發高度爭議。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two parallel grammatical elements (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.), emphasizing that both elements are included or true.
中文： 相關連接詞「both... and...」（兩者皆...；既...又...）用於連接兩個具備對等語法結構的成分（如名詞、形容詞、動詞等），用以強調兩者皆包含在內或皆為事實。
The program is designed to improve both reading and writing skills.
該計劃旨在同時提升閱讀與寫作能力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate a preceding general category (in this case, 'other organizations').
中文： 介係詞片語「such as」（例如、像是）用於引出具體實例，以說明前面所提到的泛指類別（在此句中為「其他機構」）。
She loves outdoor activities, such as hiking and kayaking.
她熱愛戶外活動，例如健行和皮划艇。
EN： In the United States, utility poles are often owned by local governments or private utility companies (like electric or telephone companies). Internet service providers must pay attachment fees to these owners to run their fiber-optic or coaxial cables. These complex infrastructure costs are sometimes passed down to consumers as hidden fees, which is a major point of debate in broadband pricing transparency.
中文： 在美國，電線桿通常由地方政府或私營公用事業公司（如電力或電話公司）所有。網際網路服務供應商必須向這些所有者支付「附掛費」，才能架設其光纖或同軸電纜。這些複雜的基礎設施成本有時會以隱藏費用的形式轉嫁給消費者，這也是寬頻定價透明度辯論中的一個主要焦點。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has said') is used here to report a recent statement or action that has relevance to the present situation. It connects a past action to the current news context.
中文： 現在完成式（has said）在此用於報導最近發生的聲明或行動，且該行動與目前的狀況有著密切關聯，將過去的動作與現在的新聞背景連結起來。
The government has announced that the new tax law will take effect next year.
政府已經宣布新稅法將於明年生效。
EN： The Noun Clause introduced by 'that' ('that this change would reduce...') acts as the direct object of the verb 'said'. It contains a complete sentence expressing the content of what was said. The modal verb 'would' is used instead of 'will' to maintain backshift of tenses in reported speech.
中文： 由「that」引導的名詞子句（that this change would reduce...）作為動詞「said」的直接受詞。它包含一個完整的句子，用以表達所說的內容。這裡使用助動詞「would」而非「will」，是為了在間接引語中符合時態一致（時態後退）的原則。
She believed that the project would succeed.
她相信這個企劃會成功。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. In the U.S., debates over broadband pricing transparency and 'junk fees' (hidden extra charges) are highly political, often shifting policies between Democratic and Republican administrations.
中文： FCC（美國聯邦通信委員會）是受美國國會監督的獨立政府機構，負責監管跨州和國際的無線電、電視、電信、衛星和電纜通信。在美國，關於寬頻網路價格透明度與「垃圾費用」（隱藏的額外收費）的辯論具有高度政治性，政策往往會隨著民主黨和共和黨政府的更迭而有所調整。
EN： The semi-modal verb 'have to' is used to express strong obligation or necessity, often coming from external rules or circumstances. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'create' and 'update').
中文： 半情態助動詞「have to」（必須）用於表示強烈的義務或必要性，通常源於外部規則或客觀環境。其後接動詞原形（在此句中為「create」與「update」）。
Students have to wear uniforms on Mondays.
學生們在星期一必須穿制服。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of cause or reason, explaining why the action in the main clause ('have to create and update...') is necessary.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）引導原因狀語從句，用以解釋主句動作（「必須製作並更新……」）之所以必要的原因。
She stayed at home because it was raining heavily.
因為雨下得很大，所以她留在家裡。
EN： In the United States, consumer transparency regarding hidden fees (often called 'junk fees') has become a major political and regulatory issue. The 'broadband consumer labels' mentioned in the context are designed to look like the nutrition labels found on food products, helping consumers easily compare internet plans. The debate highlights the tension between consumer protection and the administrative burden on corporations.
中文： 在美國，關於隱藏費用（通常被稱為「垃圾費用」）的消費者透明度已成為一個主要的政治和監管議題。背景中提到的「寬頻消費者標籤」旨在模仿食品上的「營養成分表」外觀，以幫助消費者輕鬆比較不同的網路方案。這場辯論凸顯了消費者保護與企業行政負擔之間的緊張關係。
EN： The structure 'make + it + adjective + for someone + to-infinitive' uses 'it' as a dummy object (or preparatory object). The real object is the to-infinitive clause ('to manage...'), which is placed at the end because it is too long. 'For someone' indicates the subject of the infinitive action.
中文： 結構「make + it + 形容詞 + for someone + 不定詞」中，「it」作為虛受詞（或稱先行受詞）。真正的受詞是後面的不定詞子句（to manage...），因為長度較長而移至句尾。其中的「for someone」則用來表示該不定詞動作的發出者。
The new software will make it easier for employees to complete their reports.
新軟體將使員工更容易完成他們的報告。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to introduce the source of information, meaning 'as stated by' or 'on the authority of'. It is commonly followed by a noun or noun phrase.
中文： 介系詞片語「According to」（根據…）用於引出資訊的來源，意思是「正如…所說」或「根據…的權威說法」，後面通常接名詞或名詞片語。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根據天氣預報，明天會下雨。
EN： The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress. It regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. Decisions made by the FCC often spark intense public debate regarding consumer rights and corporate interests.
中文： 聯邦通信委員會（FCC）是受美國國會監督的獨立政府機構，負責監管全美各州及國際間的無線電、電視、電信、衛星和電纜通信。FCC 的決策往往會在消費者權益與企業利益之間引發激烈的公眾辯論。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past but has strong relevance or results in the present. In this sentence, 'have expressed' shows that their past expression of concern is still highly relevant to the ongoing discussion.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述發生在過去，但與現在有強烈關聯或對現在產生影響的動作。在本句中，「have expressed」（已經表達）顯示他們過去表達的擔憂對目前正在進行的討論仍具高度相關性。
Local residents have expressed concerns about the new highway project.
當地居民對新高速公路計畫表達了擔憂。
EN： The past participle used as an adjective. 'Proposed' is the past participle of the verb 'propose', and here it functions as an adjective modifying the noun 'changes' to indicate that the changes have been suggested or planned.
中文： 過去分詞作形容詞。「Proposed」是動詞「propose」（提議）的過去分詞，在此處作為形容詞修飾名詞「changes」（變更），表示這些變更是已被提議或規劃的。
The proposed budget will be reviewed by the board tomorrow.
擬議的預算將於明天由董事會進行審查。
EN： In the United States, 'consumer advocates' or consumer watchdog groups play a significant role in public policy. They analyze government regulations and corporate policies to protect the public from unfair pricing, hidden fees, and monopolistic practices, often lobbying the FCC or FTC on behalf of everyday citizens.
中文： 在美國，「消費者倡議團體」（consumer advocates）或消費者監督組織在公共政策中扮演著重要角色。他們負責分析政府法規和企業政策，以保護大眾免受不公平定價、隱藏費用和壟斷行為的侵害，並經常代表一般民眾向聯邦通信委員會（FCC）或聯邦貿易委員會（FTC）進行遊說。
EN： The verb 'worry' is followed by a 'that' clause acting as the direct object, which expresses the cause or content of the worry. The word 'that' is often omitted in informal speech.
中文： 動詞「worry」（擔心）後面可以接由「that」引導的子句作為直接受詞，用來表達擔心的內容或原因。在口語中，「that」經常會被省略。
She worries that the rain will ruin the outdoor wedding.
她擔心下雨會毀了這場戶外婚禮。
EN： The structure 'make + object + adjective' is used to describe causing a change in state. Here, 'make' is followed by the dummy object 'it', an adjective 'harder', and a real object in the form of an infinitive phrase 'for customers to understand...'.
中文： 「make + 受詞 + 形容詞」的結構用於描述引起狀態的改變。在此句中，「make」後面接虛受詞「it」、形容詞比較級「harder」（更難），以及由不定詞片語組成的真受詞「for customers to understand...」（對顧客來說去理解...）。
The new software makes it easier for employees to submit reports.
這套新軟體讓員工提交報告變得更容易。
EN： In the United States, consumer advocacy groups (like Consumer Reports or the FCC's own public advocates) play a significant role in policy-making. They often push for transparency in pricing, especially against 'hidden fees' or 'junk fees' which have become a major political and economic topic in recent years.
中文： 在美國，消費者倡議團體（如《消費者報告》或聯邦通信委員會內部的公共倡議代表）在政策制定中扮演著重要角色。他們經常推動價格透明化，特別是針對近年來成為重大政治與經濟議題的「隱藏費用」或「垃圾費用」進行抗爭。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time: The sentence starts with a subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction 'when', which establishes the condition or time under which the main action occurs. In this clause, the passive voice 'are not listed' is used to show that the action is performed on the subject (fees).
中文： 時間副詞子句：本句以連接詞「when」引導的從屬子句開頭，用以確立主要事件發生的條件或時間。在此子句中，使用了被動語態「are not listed」，表示該動作是施加在主詞（fees）上。
When the store is closed, it is impossible to buy groceries.
當商店關門時，就無法購買雜貨了。
EN： Preparatory 'It' (Dummy Subject): The pronoun 'it' acts as a dummy subject in the main clause, shifting the real subject—the infinitive phrase 'to compare prices...'—to the end of the sentence. This structure is commonly used to avoid top-heavy sentences when the subject is long.
中文： 虛主詞「It」的用法：代名詞「it」在主要子句中充當虛主詞，將真正的主詞（不定詞片語「to compare prices...」）移至句尾。當主詞較長時，這種結構常用於避免句子顯得頭重腳輕。
It becomes easier to learn English with daily practice.
透過每日練習，學習英文會變得更容易。
EN： The passive voice structure 'is expected to + verb' is used to express what people believe or anticipate will happen in the future, especially in formal or news contexts where the agent (who expects it) is not specified.
中文： 被動語態結構「is expected to + 動詞原形」用於表達人們對未來事情的預期或推測，特別常用於正式或新聞報導中，此時通常不需要明確指出是「誰」在期待。
The new product is expected to launch next spring.
這款新產品預計將於明年春天上市。
EN： The idiom 'to take place' is a common phrasal verb meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur', usually used for planned events rather than accidental occurrences.
中文： 片語「to take place」意為「舉行」或「發生」，通常用於指「計畫好的活動或事件」，而非意外發生的事情。
The graduation ceremony will take place in the main hall.
畢業典禮將在大禮堂舉行。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 官方規章、條例，通常由政府或權威機構制定以進行管理
在本文中： （資訊、程序等的）透明度、公開性，使人容易了解真相
在本文中： 將兩件或多件事物結合、合併在一起
在本文中： 負擔、重擔，指令人感到辛苦或困難的責任或工作
在本文中： 有所不同、呈現差異
在本文中： （處理問題的）方式、方法
在本文中： 擁護者、倡導者，指公開支持某種觀點或群體權益的人
在本文中： 提議、建議，指提出計劃或想法供他人考慮
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A standardized label required by the government that displays key information about internet service prices, speeds, and data allowances.
寬頻消費者標籤
To agree to participate in, receive, or use a service, course, or activity by writing one's name.
註冊、訂閱、報名（服務或活動）
To happen or occur, especially after being planned or arranged.
舉行、發生