EN： The present continuous tense ('are rejecting') is formed with 'be' + verb-ing. Here, it describes an ongoing trend or developing action occurring around the present time.
中文： 现在进行式（'are rejecting'）由「be 动词 + 动词-ing」构成。在此处用来描述目前正在持续发生或发展中的趋势与行动。
Several local councils are adopting new renewable energy policies.
几个地方议会正在采纳新的可再生能源政策。
EN： The relative clause 'that was built by...' modifies the noun 'platform'. Inside the clause, the passive voice ('was built') is used to emphasize the product rather than the agent ('by the US company Palantir').
中文： 关系子句「that was built by...」用来修饰先行词「platform」（平台）。子句内部采用了被动语态（'was built'），将焦点放在被建构的对象而非执行者（'by the US company Palantir'）身上。
They bought a software system that was developed by an international team.
他们购买了一个由国际团队开发的软件系统。
EN： The NHS (National Health Service) is the publicly funded healthcare system in the UK, deeply valued by the British public. Collaborations involving sensitive patient records and private, foreign technology contractors often face intense public scrutiny regarding data privacy and governance.
中文： 英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）是英国由公共资金资助的全民医疗照护体系，在英国社会享有极高的象征地位。因此，每当涉及敏感病患资料与外国私人科技承包商合作时，往往会引发公众对于数据隐私与治理的高度检视与争议。
EN： The sentence features nested noun clauses acting as objects: the main verb 'show' takes a 'that'-clause ('that many health bosses believe...'), and the verb 'believe' inside it takes a zero-that clause ('[that] other systems are equal or better').
中文： 本句包含多层名词子句（宾语从句/受词子句）：主动词「show」后接由「that」引导的名词子句作为宾语；该子句内的动词「believe」后方则省略了连接词「that」，接另一个名词子句作宾语（[that] other systems are equal or better）。
Reports indicate that scientists believe new methods are safer.
报告指出，科学家认为新方法更安全。
EN： Predicate adjectives linked by 'or': 'equal or better' serves as the subject complement describing 'other systems' through the linking verb 'are'.
中文： 对等连接词「or」连接两个表语形容词：「equal or better」（旗鼓相当或更好）通过系动词「are」作为主语补语，用来修饰「other systems」。
The results are similar or better than expected.
结果与预期相似或甚至更好。
EN： In the UK, 'Freedom of information' (FOI) refers to requests made under the Freedom of Information Act 2000, which gives the public the right to access recorded information held by public authorities like the NHS.
中文： 在英国，「Freedom of information」（信息自由，简称 FOI）特指依据《2000年信息自由法》提出的信息公开请求。该法赋予公众查阅公立机构（如英国国家医疗服务体系 NHS）所持有之记录资料的权利，常用于新闻调查。
EN： Compound sentence with 'and': Two independent clauses are joined by the coordinating conjunction 'and'. Each clause contains its own subject and finite verb ('The technology cost...' and 'it was designed...').
中文： 使用对等连接词「and」构成的复合句：连接两个独立子句，各自拥有完整的主词与限定动词（「The technology cost...」与「it was designed...」）。
The project took three years to complete, and it helped thousands of local families.
该项目耗时三年完成，并帮助了数千个在地家庭。
EN： Passive Voice with Infinitive of Purpose ('be designed to do'): 'Was designed' uses passive voice (be + past participle) to show the technology received the action of designing. The following infinitive 'to connect' indicates the specific intended purpose.
中文： 被动语态搭配表目的的不定词（be designed to do）：「was designed」采用被动语态（be动词 + 过去分词），表示该技术是被设计出来的；接续的「to connect」不定词则用以表达其预期的设计目的。
This software was designed to protect personal information online.
这款软件旨在保护网络上的个人隐私信息。
EN： In the UK context, 'pounds' refers to British pounds sterling (£). Large public procurement figures like '330 million pounds' often attract substantial political scrutiny and public debate, especially when dealing with NHS funding and sensitive patient medical records.
中文： 在英国背景下，“pounds”指英镑（£）。高达“3.3亿英镑”的大型公共采购合同往往会引发严格的政治审查与社会讨论，特别是涉及英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）预算分配及敏感的患者医疗隐私数据时更是如此。
EN： The structure 'make + it + adjective + to-infinitive' uses 'it' as a dummy object (preparatory object). The real object is the infinitive phrase ('to manage waiting lists...'), which is placed at the end to keep the sentence balanced and clear.
中文： 在“make + it + 形容词 + 不定式 (to V)”结构中，'it' 作为虚宾语（形式宾语），真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语（to manage waiting lists...）。这种句型能避免宾语过长导致句子头重脚轻。
The new app has made it convenient to order groceries online.
这款新应用程序让在线订购日用品变得十分方便。
EN： Parallel structure allows coordinating conjunctions like 'and' to connect verbs of equal grammatical form. Here, 'manage' and 'plan' are both base form verbs sharing the infinitive marker 'to' (to manage... and [to] plan...).
中文： 并列连词（如 and）连接平行结构，连接的动作必须具备相同的语法形式。在此处，'manage' 与 'plan' 皆为原形动词，共用前面的不定式符号 'to'（to manage... and [to] plan...）。
She wants to learn French and travel across Europe.
她想要学习法语并环游欧洲。
EN： In the UK's National Health Service (NHS), 'waiting lists' are a persistent national talking point, often referring to the long queues for non-urgent elective treatments and specialized surgeries.
中文： 在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中，「候诊名单」（waiting lists）是长久以来的重大民生与政治议题，通常指非紧急常规治疗及专科手术漫长的预约排队时间。
EN： The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the reporting verb 'said'. Note that although the reporting verb is in the past tense ('said'), the subordinate clause uses the present tense ('do not use') to emphasize an ongoing, current habitual fact.
中文： 连接词「that」引导的名词从句作为转述动词「said」的宾语。值得注意的是，虽然主要动词为过去式（said），但从句却采用现在式（do not use），用以强调目前依然持续的现状或常态事实。
The committee reported that they do not support the proposal.
委员会回报表示他们并不支持该项提案。
EN： 'At least' is an adverbial quantifier phrase meaning 'not less than' or 'the minimum number of', commonly placed before numbers or quantities.
中文： 「At least」是一个副词性数量修饰语，意思是「至少」或「不少于」，通常置于数字或数量词组之前修饰数量。
At least twenty members attended the emergency meeting.
至少有二十名成员出席了紧急会议。
EN： In the UK's National Health Service (NHS), an 'NHS trust' is an organizational unit that provides a specific type of care, such as acute hospital services or mental health services. 'Health boards' typically manage healthcare services in specific geographic regions, especially in Scotland and Wales.
中文： 在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）架构下，「NHS trust」（国民保健署信托基金）是负责提供特定医疗服务的组织单位，例如综合医院服务或心理健康照护；而「health boards」（卫生委员会）通常负责特定行政区内的整体医疗统筹与资源分配。
EN： Compound sentence with the coordinating conjunction 'but': Connects two independent clauses ('Others tested...' and 'they later went back...') to contrast an initial action with a subsequent change of mind or direction.
中文： 对等连接词「but」引导的对等复合句：连接两个独立子句（「Others tested...」与「they later went back...」），用以对比最初的尝试与后续重返原状的决定。
We tried the new software, but we decided to keep the original program.
我们试用了新软件，但后来决定保留原来的程序。
EN： Relative clause with 'which': Introduces a defining relative clause ('which they used before') modifying the noun 'tools'. In modern English, 'that' can also be used here, and the pronoun can even be omitted as it functions as the object of 'used'.
中文： 由关系代词「which」引导的关系从句：修饰先行词名词「tools」（工具），在从句中作动词「used」的宾语。在此种宾格关系从句中，「which」亦可替换为「that」或直接省略。
She returned to the book which she bought last week.
她又拿起了上周买的那本书。
EN： In the UK health sector, large-scale IT procurement is notoriously difficult. NHS trusts operate with considerable local autonomy, meaning that individual hospitals or regional boards often resist top-down national software rollouts if existing localized software is perceived as more reliable or better customized.
中文： 在英国医疗体系中，大规模 IT 采购向来挑战重重。英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）旗下的各信托机构享有相当大的地方自主权；若既有的在地工具被认为更可靠或更符合需求，个别医院或地方委员会往往会抗拒由中央推行的一体适用型大型软件系统。
EN： Indirect Speech with Omitted 'that': In reported speech, verbs like 'said' often introduce a noun clause functioning as the direct object. The conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted in informal and journalistic styles without changing the meaning.
中文： 间接引语中连接词「that」的省略：在转述语句中，像 said 这类动词常引导一个名词子句作为宾语。在新闻或口语表达中，连接词 that 经常被省略，语义保持不变。
The manager said our project was approved.
经理表示我们的项目已经获得批准。
EN： Comparative Construction with 'more than': The phrase 'more than [clause]' is used to compare quantities, degrees, or extents between two things or actions.
中文： 使用「more than」的比较结构：短语「more than ＋ 子句」用于在两件事物或动作之间比较数量、程度或范围，表示「比……更多／超出……」。
The new laptop performed better than the technician expected.
这台新笔记本电脑的表现比技术人员预期的更好。
EN： In the UK's National Health Service (NHS), an 'NHS trust' is an organizational unit that serves either a specific geographical area or a specialized function (such as an acute hospital or mental health services). It is not a financial trust fund, but a public healthcare operating entity.
中文： 在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中，「NHS trust」（国民保健署信托机构）是指负责管理特定地区医院或专科医疗服务（如急诊或心理健康服务）的公立医疗法人单位，并非金融性质的信托基金。
EN： The pattern 'describe + object + as + adjective/noun' is used to state what characteristics someone or something is believed to have.
中文： 动词句型「describe + 受词 + as + 形容词/名词」，用来表达「将某人或某物描述为……」或「认为某事物具有某种特质」。
The manager described the new software as reliable and efficient.
经理将这款新软件描述为可靠且高效率。
EN： The present participle 'meaning...' functions as a participial phrase providing additional clarification or definitions for the preceding quoted terms.
中文： 现在分词短语「meaning...」（意思是……）在此作补充修饰语，用来对前文引用的特定词汇进行即时的定义或解释说明。
He called the policy redundant, meaning unnecessary and repetitive.
他称这项政策是多馀的，意思是没有必要且重复。
EN： In the UK health system (NHS), local integrated care boards (ICBs) hold significant autonomy in deciding how healthcare budgets are spent and which software tools suit regional hospital trusts best.
中文： 在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）架构下，各地方的综合照护委员会（Integrated Care Boards）拥有相当大的预算分配与行政自主权，能自行评估并决定最适合该区域医疗院所的数码工具与管理软件。
EN： The conjunction 'whether' introduces an embedded noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'decide'. It expresses an indirect choice or question between alternatives (whether to do something or not).
中文： 连词「whether」（是否）引导名词子句，作为主要动词「decide」的宾语，表达在不同选项之间的考虑或间接疑问。
The committee must consider whether they can approve the budget.
委员会必须考虑他们是否能批准这笔预算。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to end...' functions as an adverbial of purpose (infinitive of purpose), explaining why the government would use the break clause.
中文： 不定词短语「to end...」作目的副词使用（表目的的不定词），用来解释政府行使解约条款的目的。
He negotiated carefully to protect his company's rights.
他谨慎地协商，以保护公司的权益。
EN： A 'break clause' is a standard legal provision in British commercial and property contracts that allows either party to terminate the agreement before the full term ends, often at pre-agreed milestones.
中文： 「Break clause」（解约条款／提前终止条款）是英国商业合约与租赁合约中极为常见的法律条款，允许双方或其中一方在合约规定期限（如固定年限）届满前，依约定条件提前终止合约。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has faced') is formed with 'have/has' + past participle. It indicates an action or experience that happened at an unspecified time in the past and remains relevant to the present situation.
中文： 现在完成式（has faced）由「have/has + 过去分词」构成，表示过去某个未明确指出的时间点发生、且其影响或关联性持续延伸至今的经历或动作。
The company has faced criticism over its privacy policies.
这家公司因其隐私政策而面临批评。
EN： 'Because' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a subordinate clause of cause or reason ('because it works with...'). It explains why the action in the main clause took place.
中文： 「because」是从属连接词，用来引导表示原因的子句（because it works with...），用以解释主要子句动作发生的原因。
He decided to leave because the environment was toxic.
他决定离开，因为那个环境令人难以忍受。
EN： Palantir Technologies is heavily involved in government defense, law enforcement, and intelligence contracting. Its work with military bodies and agencies like US Homeland Security often sparks public controversy and ethical debate, particularly when applying the same technologies to public healthcare systems.
中文： 帕兰提尔（Palantir Technologies）深度参与国防、执法与情报领域的政府合同。该公司与军事单位以及美国国土安全部等机构的合作经常引发公众争议与伦理讨论，尤其是当同一套数据分析技术被引进公共医疗体系时。
EN： The adjective 'worried' is commonly followed by the preposition 'about' to indicate the cause of anxiety or concern: 'be worried about something/someone'.
中文： 形容词「worried」（担忧的）通常与介词「about」连用，构成短语「be worried about」，用来表示对某事或某人感到担忧或焦虑。
Many citizens are worried about the rising cost of living.
许多公民对日益上涨的生活成本感到担忧。
EN： Apposition occurs when two noun phrases are placed side-by-side to describe the same person or entity, adding extra descriptive detail. Here, 'the tech billionaire Peter Thiel' explains who 'the company's cofounder' is.
中文： 同位语（Apposition）是指将两个名词短语并列放置，用以指涉同一人或物并提供进一步说明。在本句中，「the tech billionaire Peter Thiel」作为「the company's cofounder」的同位语，用来具体说明其身份。
My friend, an experienced software engineer, helped me fix the bug.
我的朋友——一位经验丰富的软件工程师，帮我修复了这个程序错误。
EN： Peter Thiel is a prominent American venture capitalist, political conservative, and cofounder of PayPal and Palantir. His past comments criticizing public healthcare systems (such as the NHS) and Palantir's defense contracts have generated significant public debate in the UK.
中文： 彼得·蒂尔（Peter Thiel）是美国知名的创投家兼政治保守派人士，也是 PayPal 与帕兰提尔（Palantir）的共同创始人。他过去曾公开批评英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）等公共医疗制度，加上帕兰提尔承揽国防与国安合约，使他在英国引发相当大的公众争议。
EN： The structure 'make + object + adjective' is a causative pattern meaning 'to cause someone or something to enter a particular state'. In this sentence, 'makes people sick' means causes people to become ill.
中文： 「make + 宾语 + 形容词」是一种使役结构，意思是「使某人或某物处于某种状态」。句中的「makes people sick」表示「使人们生病/生病倒下」。
Eating too much junk food can make you sick.
吃太多垃圾食物会让你生病。
EN： The clause 'that he made in 2023' is a defining relative clause modifying the noun 'comment'. The relative pronoun 'that' functions as the object of the verb 'made'.
中文： 子句「that he made in 2023」是限定关系子句，用来修饰前面的名词「comment（言论）」。关系代词「that」在子句中作动词「made」的受词。
The decision that they made yesterday surprised everyone.
他们昨天做出的决定让所有人感到惊讶。
EN： The National Health Service (NHS) is widely cherished in the UK as an iconic national institution offering free healthcare at the point of delivery. Peter Thiel's provocative statement sparked public controversy and political debate, as Palantir was competing for large data infrastructure contracts with the NHS.
中文： 英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）在英国被视为国宝级的公共机构，提供全民公费医疗服务。由于帕兰提尔当时正积极争取该体系的庞大数据平台合约，彼得·泰尔这番激进的言论引发了极大的公众争议与政界不满。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 拒絕接受或使用
在本文中： 引起爭議的，有爭議的
在本文中： （電腦或數位系統的）平台、軟體系統
在本文中： 外科手術
在本文中： 試驗，試用階段
在本文中： 提供，給予
在本文中： 重複的，多餘重複的
在本文中： 倒退的，逆行退步的
在本文中： 抗議，反對活動
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
The legal right of the public or journalists to access information and documents held by government and public bodies.
信息自由（法）
A list of people who are waiting for something that is not immediately available, such as hospital treatment.
等候名单，轮候清单
To return to a previous state, activity, or choice.
回到，重新采用（旧有的做法或状态）
A term in a contract that allows one or both parties to end the agreement early at a specified date.
提前终止条款，解约条款