EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (this bridge) rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this past tense sentence, 'was' is used because 'this bridge' is singular.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于强调动作本身或接受动作的对象（这座桥），而非执行者。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」。在本句的过去式中，因为主语「this bridge」为单数，所以使用「was」。
This book was written in 1990.
这本书是在1990年写的。
EN： The phrase 'ago' is used to indicate how far back in the past something happened, counting back from the present. It is always placed after the time duration (e.g., 'a hundred years ago').
中文： 副词「ago」用于表示从现在算起，某事发生在多久以前。它必须放在时间长度之后（例如：「a hundred years ago」代表一百年前）。
We met five years ago.
我们是五年前认识的。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to show that the subject is the recipient of the action. Structure: Subject + am/is/are + past participle (V3) + by + agent.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态：用于表示主语是动作的接受者。结构为：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3) + by + 施事者。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
这间教室每天下午都由学生们打扫。
EN： Adverb Placement ('still'): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an ongoing situation. In sentences with auxiliary or 'be' verbs, 'still' is placed after the first auxiliary/be verb and before the main verb.
中文： 副词「still」（仍然）的位置：用于描述持续进行的情况。在含有助动词或 be 动词的句子中，「still」置于第一个助动词或 be 动词之后、主要动词之前。
He is still working on his project.
他仍然在做他的项目。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the old temple), rather than the doer (many tourists). It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed).
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于当焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者（这座古老的寺庙），而非动作的执行者（许多游客）时。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」。
This book was written by a famous author.
这本书是由一位著名的作家所写的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent, which is the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介词「by」在被动句中用来引介「施动者」（Agent），即实际执行该动作的人或事物。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗户是被风吹破的。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was' or 'were' followed by the past participle (V3) of the main verb. It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. The agent (the person who did the action) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 过去式被动语态的结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (V3)」。当我们想要强调动作的接受者或动作本身，而非执行者时，就会使用被动语态。若要指出动作的执行者，会在后面加上介词「by」。
This beautiful house was built by my grandfather.
这栋美丽的房子是我祖父建造的。
EN： The demonstrative adjective 'these' is used to point to plural nouns that are close to the speaker in distance or time. It must agree in number with the plural noun it modifies (e.g., 'these cookies').
中文： 指示形容词「these」（这些）用来指代在空间或时间上距离说话者较近的复数名词。它必须与所修饰的复数名词在单复数上保持一致（例如：「these cookies」）。
These books on the table are mine.
桌上的这些书是我的。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, home-baked goods, especially those made by grandmothers ('grandma'), carry a strong connotation of warmth, comfort, and family love. Sharing 'grandma's cookies' is a common way to express hospitality and affection.
中文： 在英語系國家中，手作烘焙點心（尤其是奶奶「grandma」做的）往往象徵著溫暖、療癒與家人的愛。分享「奶奶做的餅乾」是表達熱情好客與關愛的一種非常經典且溫馨的方式。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the person or thing that experiences an action, rather than the one performing it. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'are loved' is the present simple passive, showing that 'they' (the cookies) receive the action of being loved.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于强调承受动作的人或物，而非执行动作的主体。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V3)」。在本句中，「are loved」是现在简单式的被动语态，表示「他们」（饼干）受到喜爱。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
这间教室每天下午都由学生们打扫。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action. Here, 'by everyone' indicates who is doing the loving.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态中用来引介「施动者」（即执行该动作的人或物）。在此处，「by everyone」指明了是谁在付出喜爱。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
这张精美海报是由我们团队设计的。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action in the past, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was founded' indicates that the school (the subject) underwent the action of being established.
中文： 过去式被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）用于强调过去发生的动作或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「was founded」表示学校（主语）接受了「被创立」的动作。
This house was built in 1920.
这栋房子是在 1920 年建造的。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before years, months, seasons, and centuries to indicate a specific period of time.
中文： 介词「in」用于年份、月份、季节和世纪之前，以表示特定的时间段。
He graduated in 2015.
他于 2015 年毕业。
EN： Passive Voice (Past Simple): Used to focus on the person or thing affected by an action, rather than the one performing the action. The structure is 'Subject + was/were + past participle (+ by + agent)'.
中文： 过去简单式的被动语态：用于将焦点放在承受动作的人或事物上，而非执行动作的主体。其结构为「主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)」。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗户是被风吹破的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice is used to describe actions that are facts, habits, or general truths, where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3).
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态用于描述事实、习惯或普遍真理，此时焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的人事物，而非执行者。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」。
Spanish is spoken in many South American countries.
西班牙语在许多南美洲国家被使用。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before countries, continents, or large geographical areas to indicate location.
中文： 介词「in」用于国家、洲或大型地理区域之前，以表示所处的位置。
They live in Canada.
他们住在加拿大。
EN： English is often referred to as a 'lingua franca' (a common language used for communication between people who do not share a native language) because of its widespread use in global business, science, and travel.
中文： 英文常被稱為「通用語」（lingua franca，指母語不同的人們之間用來溝通的共同語言），因為它在全球商業、科學和旅遊中被廣泛使用。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe regular actions, habits, or general truths where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. Structure: Subject + am/is/are + past participle (V3).
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态：用于描述规律发生的动作、习惯或客观事实，此时焦点在于动作本身或承受动作的对象，而非执行动作的人。结构为：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)。
The trash is collected every Tuesday.
垃圾在每周二会被清运。
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency 'every morning': Used to indicate how often an action occurs. It typically appears at the end of the sentence to modify the verb phrase.
中文： 频率副词短语「every morning」（每天早上）：用来表示动作发生的频率，通常放在句尾以修饰整个动词短语。
The plants are watered every morning.
这些植物每天早上都会被浇水。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, street cleaning is a highly organized municipal service. Residents are often required to move their parked cars on specific 'street sweeping' days to avoid fines, reflecting a shared civic responsibility for neighborhood cleanliness.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，街道清潔是一項高度組織化的市政服務。居民通常被要求在特定的「街道清掃日」移開停放的車輛以避免罰款，這反映了社區共同維護整潔的公民責任。
EN： Passive Voice (Past Simple): Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). The agent (doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 过去简单式的被动语态：用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。其结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (V3)」。动作的执行者则由介词「by」引导。
This house was built by my grandfather in 1950.
这栋房子是我祖父在 1950 年建造的。
EN： Indefinite Article 'a': Used before singular, countable nouns that start with a consonant sound to refer to a non-specific person or thing.
中文： 不定冠词「a」：用于以辅音开头的单数可数名词前，表示非特定的某个人或事物。
She wants to become a teacher.
她想成为一名老师。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this sentence, 'is held' is the passive form of 'hold' (to organize/conduct).
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于当焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」。在本句中，「is held」是动词「hold」（举办、举行）的被动语态形式。
The meeting is held in the main conference room.
会议在主会议室举行。
EN： The word 'every' is used with a singular noun (like 'spring') to express how often something happens regularly.
中文： 单词「every」（每个）与单数名词（如「spring」）连用，用来表示某事定期发生的频率。
The train departs every hour.
火车每小时出发一班。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle' (is kept). It is used here because the receiver of the action (history) is the main focus of the sentence, rather than the agent performing the action.
中文： 被动语态由「be 动词 + 过去分词」（is kept）构成。这里使用被动语态是因为动作的接受者（历史）是句子的焦点，而非执行动作的主体。
Many secrets are kept in this old library.
这座旧图书馆里藏着许多秘密。
EN： 'So much' is used with uncountable nouns (like 'history') to emphasize a large quantity or degree.
中文： 「So much」与不可数名词（如「history」）连用，用以强调数量之多或程度之深。
There is so much traffic on the highway today.
今天高速公路上的车流量真大。
EN： The passive construction 'be known for' is used to describe what someone or something is famous or recognized for. 'For' is a preposition followed by the reason or characteristic of their fame.
中文： 被动结构「be known for」（以……而闻名）用于描述某人或某事因何特征或原因而广为人知。介词「for」后面接其闻名的原因或特色。
The city is known for its beautiful beaches.
这座城市以其美丽的沙滩而闻名。
EN： The possessive determiner 'its' is used to show that something belongs to or is associated with a non-human thing, animal, or place (in this case, 'our town'). Do not confuse it with 'it's' (it is).
中文： 所有格限定词「its」（它的）用于表示某物属于非人类的事物、动物或地方（在此指「我们的小镇」）。请勿与「it's」（it is 的缩写）混淆。
The dog wagged its tail happily.
那只狗高兴地摇着尾巴。
EN： Night markets are a central part of social and culinary life in Taiwan and many other Asian cultures. They are vibrant hubs where locals and tourists gather to enjoy street food, play games, and shop for affordable goods.
中文： 夜市是台灣及許多亞洲國家社交與飲食文化的核心。夜市充滿活力，是當地居民和遊客聚集享受街頭小吃、玩遊戲和購買平價商品的重要場所。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here to show that the market does not open itself, but is opened by the people who run it. 'Is opened' represents a regular, present-tense passive action.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）在此处用来表示市场并非自己开启，而是被经营者打开。「is opened」代表一个规律性、现在时态的被动动作。
The school gate is locked every night at ten o'clock.
学校大门在每天晚上十点钟会被锁上。
EN： Prepositions of time: 'every evening' acts as an adverbial phrase of frequency (no preposition needed), while 'at' is used before specific clock times (e.g., 'at six o'clock').
中文： 时间介词的使用：「every evening」（每个傍晚）作为频率副词短语使用（前面不需加介词），而介词「at」则用于特定的整点时间之前（例如「at six o'clock」）。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'are sold' emphasizes that the snacks are being sold, which is a regular or general truth.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于描述焦点在于动作本身或动作接受者，而非动作执行者的情况。在本句中，「are sold」（被售卖）强调了小吃被售卖的状态，这是一个常态或普遍事实。
Many beautiful photos are taken in this park every day.
每天都有许多美丽的照片在这个公园里被拍摄。
EN： The preposition 'along' is used to show movement or position in a line next to something long, such as a street, river, or path. Here, 'along the busy street' indicates the location where the snacks are sold.
中文： 介词「along」（沿着）用于表示在长形物体（如街道、河流或道路）旁呈线状分布的位置或移动方向。在这里，「along the busy street」指出了小吃售卖的具体位置。
Trees are planted along the river.
树木沿着河流种植。
EN： In many Asian cultures, especially in Taiwan, street food and night markets are a vital part of daily life and local tourism. 'Delicious snacks' (often referred to as 'xiaochi' in Chinese) represent a rich culinary heritage where small, affordable portions allow people to try a wide variety of dishes along a single street.
中文： 在許多亞洲文化中（特別是在台灣），街頭小吃和夜市是日常生活與在地觀光至關重要的一部分。「Delicious snacks」（美味小吃，中文常稱「小吃」）代表了豐富的飲食文化，其分量小巧且價格親民，讓民眾能沿著一條街品嚐到各式各樣的特色美食。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action in the past, rather than who performed it. In this sentence, 'was built' emphasizes the construction of the bridge.
中文： 过去式被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）用于强调过去发生的动作或动作的接受者，而非动作的执行者。在本句中，「was built」（被建造）强调了桥梁的建设本身。
This school was founded in 1950.
这间学校创立于 1950 年。
EN： The word 'over' is used as a preposition meaning 'more than' to indicate a quantity or time period that exceeds a specific number.
中文： 「over」在此处用作介词，意思是「超过」或「多于」，用来表示数量或时间超过了某个特定的数字。
He has lived in this city for over ten years.
他在这座城市已经住了十多年了。
EN： The passive voice is constructed using 'be + past participle' (is crossed). It is used here to shift the focus of the sentence from the active doers (thousands of visitors) to the receiver of the action (the bridge, represented by 'It').
中文： 被动语态由「be 动词 + 过去分词」（is crossed）构成。在这里使用被动语态，是为了将句子的焦点从主动执行者（数以千计的游客）转移到动作的接受者（即代表桥梁的「It」）。
The old temple is visited by many tourists.
这座古老的寺庙有许多游客到访。
EN： The phrase 'thousands of' is used to express a large, indefinite number. Note that 'thousands' is plural and must be followed by 'of' and a plural noun.
中文： 短语「thousands of」用于表达一个庞大且不确定的数量（数以千计的）。请注意，「thousands」必须使用复数形式，后面接「of」以及复数名词。
Thousands of stars are visible in the night sky.
夜空中可以看到数以千计的星星。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to focus on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'is decorated' shows that the temple receives the action of decorating.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态：用于将焦点放在动作的接受者而非执行者。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」。在本句中，「is decorated」（被装饰）表示寺庙是接受装饰动作的主体。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
这间教室每天下午都由学生们打扫。
EN： Preposition 'with' for Instruments/Means: The preposition 'with' is used to indicate the tool, instrument, or material used to perform an action. Here, 'with beautiful red lanterns' specifies what was used to decorate the temple.
中文： 介词「with」表示工具或媒介：介词「with」在此处用于指出用来执行某个动作的工具、仪器或材料。这里的「with beautiful red lanterns」（用美丽的红灯笼）明确指出了装饰寺庙所使用的材料。
The cake is covered with sweet chocolate frosting.
这蛋糕上覆盖着甜甜的巧克力糖霜。
EN： Red lanterns are a traditional symbol of joy, good fortune, and prosperity in Chinese culture. They are commonly used to decorate temples, streets, and homes during major festivals like the Lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival.
中文： 在華人文化中，紅燈籠是喜慶、好運與繁榮的傳統象徵。在農曆新年和元宵節等重大節日期間，人們常用紅燈籠來裝飾寺廟、街道和住宅。
EN： The passive voice is formed using 'be + past participle' (V-pp). It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'is held' is the present simple passive voice of the verb 'hold' (to organize or conduct an event).
中文： 被动语态由「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-pp)」构成。当动作本身或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时，就会使用被动语态。在本句中，「is held」是动词「hold」（举办、举行）的一般现在时被动语态。
The annual meeting is held in the main conference room.
年会是在主会议室举行的。
EN： Adverbials of frequency or time like 'every spring' are used to describe how often an action occurs. They are typically placed at the end of the sentence to provide temporal context without disrupting the main clause structure.
中文： 像「every spring」（每年春天）这类的频率或时间副词短语，用来描述动作发生的频率。它们通常放在句尾，以提供时间背景，而不会打乱主句的结构。
The flowers bloom every spring.
这些花每年春天都会开放。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle (V3)'. In this sentence, 'are sung' and 'are performed' are present simple passive forms, indicating regular or general truths.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的人事物，而非执行者。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V3)」。在本句中，「are sung」（被歌唱）与「are performed」（被表演）皆为现在简单式的被动语态，用来表示常态性或普遍的事实。
English is spoken in many countries.
英文在许多国家被使用（说）。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses of equal grammatical rank. Here, it links two complete passive sentences to describe simultaneous or related activities during a festival.
中文： 并列连词「and」（而且、并且）用于连接两个语法地位平等的独立从句。在此处，它连接了两个完整的被动语态从句，用以描述庆典中同时发生或相关联的活动。
The food was prepared, and the drinks were served.
食物准备好了，饮料也送上了。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action. In this sentence, 'is loved and shared' is a compound passive verb phrase where two past participles share the same auxiliary verb 'is'.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者时。在本句中，「is loved and shared」是一个复合被动动词短语，两个过去分词共享同一个助动词「is」。
The local traditions are preserved and celebrated by the community.
当地的传统受到社区的保护与庆祝。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action). Here, 'everyone' is the agent performing the actions of loving and sharing.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态句子中用于引介施动者（执行该动作的人或物）。在此处，「everyone」（每个人）是执行喜爱与分享动作的施动者。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
这张精美的海报是由我们团队设计的。
EN： Passive Voice in Questions with 'by': In English, when we want to ask who performed an action in the passive voice, we use 'Who' at the beginning of the sentence and place the preposition 'by' at the end. The structure is 'Who + be verb + subject + past participle (V-pp) + by?'.
中文： 被动语态疑问句与介词 'by' 的用法：在英语中，若想用被动语态询问某动作是由谁完成的，我们会将疑问词 'Who' 放在句首，并将介词 'by' 放在句尾。其结构为「Who + be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词 (V-pp) + by？」。
Who was this letter written by?
这封信是谁写的？
EN： Simple Past Passive Voice: The passive voice in the simple past tense is formed using 'was' or 'were' followed by the past participle (V-pp) of the main verb. It is used to emphasize the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 简单过去式的被动语态：简单过去式的被动语态是由「was」或「were」加上主要动词的过去分词（V-pp）所构成。它用于强调动作的接受者，而非动作的执行者。
The window was broken by the wind.
窗户是被风吹破的。
EN： In English, asking 'Who was this cake made by?' (passive) sounds very natural when the focus is on the cake itself (for example, when admiring its appearance). In contrast, the active voice 'Who made this cake?' is also common but places more direct emphasis on the person who did the baking.
中文： 在英語中，當焦點放在蛋糕本身（例如欣賞其外觀）時，使用被動語態「Who was this cake made by?」聽起來非常自然。相比之下，主動語態「Who made this cake?」也很常用，但它更直接地將焦點放在烘焙蛋糕的人身上。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The doer of the action is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 过去式被动语态的结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (V-pp)」。它用于将焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。若要提及动作的执行者，会使用介词「by」来引导。
The book was written by a famous author.
这本书是由一位著名的作家所写的。
EN： Time expressions like 'this morning' function as adverbial modifiers of time. They are typically placed at the end of a sentence to specify when the action occurred in the past.
中文： 像「this morning（今天早上）」这样的时间表达语，在句中作为时间副词修饰语。它们通常放在句尾，用来明确指出过去动作发生的时间点。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Tense (was/were + past participle): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. The agent (the person who did the action) is introduced with the preposition 'by'. Since 'photos' is plural, the plural past tense auxiliary 'were' is used with the past participle 'taken'.
中文： 过去式被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）：当动作本身或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时使用。执行动作的人（行为主体）由介词「by」引导。因为「photos」（照片）是复数，所以使用复数过去式助动词「were」搭配过去分词「taken」。
These letters were written by my grandfather.
这些信是我祖父写的。
EN： Tag Questions (..., right?): A common informal way to turn a statement into a question to confirm information or seek agreement. It is placed at the end of the sentence and spoken with a rising intonation.
中文： 附加问句（..., right?）：一种常见的非正式用法，将陈述句转化为问句，用以确认信息或寻求同意。它放在句子末尾，并以升调读出。
You are coming to the party, right?
你会来参加派对，对吧？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, using 'right?' at the end of a sentence is a very common, friendly, and informal way to seek confirmation. It is less formal than traditional tag questions like 'weren't they?' and is widely used in daily conversations.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在句尾加上「right?」是一種非常常見、友善且非正式的尋求確認方式。它比傳統的附加問句（例如 'weren't they?'）更為口語化，在日常對話中被廣泛使用。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'were taken' indicates that the photos (they) underwent the action of being taken.
中文： 过去式被动语态的结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (V3)」。当说话者的焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的人事物，而非执行者时，会使用此句型。在本句中，「were taken」表示照片（they）接受了「被拍摄」的动作。
The keys were found under the sofa yesterday.
钥匙昨天在沙发下被找到了。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to specify a precise location, point in space, or a specific event/social gathering (e.g., 'at the school fair', 'at the party').
中文： 介词「at」用于指定一个精确的地点、空间中的某个点，或是特定的活动与社交聚会（例如：「在学校园游会」、「在派对上」）。
We met some old friends at the music festival.
我们在音乐祭上遇到了一些老朋友。
EN： A 'school fair' (or school festival/carnival) is a common event in many English-speaking countries, featuring games, food stalls, and exhibitions. It is a social highlight of the school year where students, parents, and the local community gather, making it a popular setting for taking memorable photos.
中文： 「school fair」（學校園遊會或校慶遊藝會）是許多英語系國家學校的常見活動，通常包含遊戲攤位、食品販售和成果展覽。這是學年中的社交重頭戲，學生、家長和社區居民都會共襄盛舉，因此也是拍攝紀念照片的熱門場景。
EN： Passive Voice in Present Simple Questions: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. To form a yes/no question in the present simple passive, we invert the auxiliary verb 'be' (am/is/are) and the subject, followed by the past participle of the main verb: 'Is/Are + subject + past participle?'
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态疑问句：被动语态用于将焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。要形成现在简单式被动语态的 Yes/No 疑问句，我们需要将助动词「be」（am/is/are）与主语位置对调，后面接主要动词的过去分词，结构为：「Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？」
Are these letters delivered every afternoon?
这些信件每天下午都会被投递吗？
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency 'every day': 'Every day' (written as two words) functions as an adverbial phrase of frequency, indicating how often an action occurs. It is typically placed at the end of the sentence.
中文： 频率副词短语「every day」：「every day」（写成两个单词）作为频率副词短语，用来表示动作发生的频率，通常放在句子的末尾。注意不要与单一单词的形容词「everyday」（日常的）混淆。
The museum is closed every Monday.
这间博物馆每周一不开放。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. The agent (doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态：用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」。执行动作的人或物（施动者）则由介词「by」引导。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
这间教室每天下午都由学生们打扫。
EN： In many English-speaking schools, students are responsible for keeping their personal spaces tidy, but major cleaning is often done by professional custodial staff. However, in some cultures (like Japan or Taiwan), students cleaning their own classrooms daily is a standard part of the character-building curriculum.
中文： 在許多英語系國家的學校中，學生負責維持個人空間的整潔，但主要的打掃工作通常由專業的清潔人員（custodial staff）負責。然而，在某些文化（如日本或台灣）中，學生每天打掃自己的教室是培養品格教育的標準課程之一。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (the prizes) rather than the doer (the principal). It is formed using 'be' verb + past participle (V-3). In this past tense sentence, 'were' is used because 'prizes' is plural.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者（奖品），而非动作的执行者（校长）。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-3)」。在本句的过去式中，因为「prizes」是复数，所以使用「were」。
The letters were written by the manager.
这些信件是由经理写的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent, which is the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态中用于引介「施动者」，即实际执行该动作的人或事物。
This beautiful cake was made by Hana.
这个漂亮的蛋糕是由哈娜做的。
EN： In many English-speaking schools, the principal (or headteacher) is the highest-ranking administrator and traditionally presents major awards or prizes at official assemblies or graduation ceremonies to show recognition and respect.
中文： 在許多英語系國家的學校中，校長（principal 或 headteacher）是最高行政主管，傳統上會在正式集會或畢業典禮上親自頒發重要獎項或獎品，以示對學生的重視與鼓勵。
EN： The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action (the poster) rather than the doer. It is formed with 'be' verb + past participle (V-ed). In this past tense sentence, 'was' is used because 'This poster' is singular.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）用于强调动作本身或接受动作的对象（海报），而非执行动作的人。其结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」。在本句的过去式中，因为「This poster」为单数，所以使用「was」。
This cake was made by Hana.
这个蛋糕是由哈娜做的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action).
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态的句子中，用来引介动作的执行者（即发出该动作的人或事物）。
These photos were taken by Leo.
这些照片是由里奥拍摄的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is seen' focuses on 'our hard work' being recognized.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「is seen」将焦点放在「我们的努力」（our hard work）被看见、被认可这件事上。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every afternoon.
这间教室每天下午都由学生们打扫。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action). Here, 'by everyone' indicates who is doing the seeing.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态中用来引介施动者（即执行该动作的人或物）。在此处，「by everyone」指明了是「每个人」看见的。
This beautiful poster was designed by our team.
这张精美海报是由我们团队设计的。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be' + past participle (V-pp). It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are remembered' is the present simple passive voice.
中文： 被动语态（Passive Voice）的结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-pp)」。当说话者的焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的人事物，而非执行者时，就会使用被动语态。在本句中，「are remembered」是现在简单式的被动语态。
These books are read by millions of people.
这些书被数百万人阅读。
EN： Adverbs of frequency (such as 'always', 'usually', 'often') are typically placed after the 'be' verb in a sentence.
中文： 频率副词（如 'always'、'usually'、'often'）在句子中的位置，通常会放在 be 动词之后、一般动词之前。在本句中，'always' 放在 be 动词 'are' 的后面。
She is always cheerful in the morning.
她早上总是精神奕奕。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 创立，创办（动词 found 的过去分词）
在本文中： 节日，庆典
在本文中： 热闹的，充满生气的
在本文中： 传统的
在本文中： 表演，演出（动词 perform 的过去分词）
在本文中： 文化
在本文中： 校长
在本文中： 设计（动词 design 的过去分词）
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Famous or well-known because of a particular feature or characteristic.
以……闻名
A street market which operates at night and sells food, clothing, and other goods.
夜市
An event held at a school, typically featuring games, stalls, and entertainment to raise money or celebrate.
学校园游会