EN： The idiom 'put something/someone to the test' means to test how effective, strong, or reliable something or someone really is under difficult conditions.
中文： 短语「put something/someone to the test」意为「使……接受考验／检验……的实力或成效」，常用于描述在严苛或关键情况下检验某事物的真实能力。
The unexpected surge in online traffic put the new server infrastructure to the test.
突如其来的网络流量高峰考验了全新服务器基础架构的乘载能力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'at a glance' functions idiomatically as a modifier meaning 'briefly' or 'as a quick overview'. It is widely used in news, journalism, and executive summaries as a subtitle or topic marker.
中文： 介系词片语「at a glance」作为惯用语，意为「一览、概览、一眼看去」，在新闻报道、商业报告与重点摘要中极常作为标题或副标题使用。
Here are the key takeaways of the fiscal budget at a glance.
以下是本财政预算重点的一览摘要。
EN： Headlinese often utilizes the simple present tense ('Puts') to express immediate, ongoing, or upcoming real-world actions, creating a sense of urgency and directness.
中文： 英文新闻标题语体（headlinese）常使用现在简单式（如本句中的「Puts」）来描述即将发生、正在进行或刚发生的事件，以营造即时性与现场感。
Central Bank Raises Interest Rates Amid Persistent Inflation Fears.
在持续的通膨担忧下，中央银行宣布升息。
EN： In international diplomacy, 'COP' stands for 'Conference of the Parties'. While the public is often most familiar with the climate-focused COPs under the UNFCCC, biodiversity has its own separate biennial summit series under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
中文： 在国际外交中，「COP」代表「缔约方大会（Conference of the Parties）」。大众通常较熟悉《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）下的气候峰会，但《生物多样性公约》（CBD）同样拥有独立且每两年举办一次的缔约方峰会系列。
EN： The noun phrase 'a biodiversity summit...' acts as an appositive to 'UN COP17', providing explanatory or descriptive information about the event without introducing a relative pronoun (which would be 'which is a biodiversity summit...').
中文： 名词短语「a biodiversity summit...」作为「UN COP17」的同位语，用以对该国际会议进行补充与描述，相当于省略了关系代词及系动词（which is...）的非限定修饰结构。
Delegates will meet in Geneva for the World Health Assembly, an annual meeting determining global health policies.
代表们将在日内瓦齐聚参与世界卫生大会，这是一项决定全球卫生政策的年度会议。
EN： The sentence contains two stacked participial phrases acting as reduced relative clauses: the present participle phrase 'reviewing...' modifies 'summit' (active: which will review), and the past participle phrase 'agreed at...' modifies 'targets' (passive: which were agreed at).
中文： 此句展示了双重分词短语作为简化关系从句的用法：现在分词短语「reviewing...」修饰「summit」（主动意义：which will review），而过去分词短语「agreed at...」则修饰「targets」（被动意义：which were agreed at）。
The committee released a report evaluating the new guidelines introduced last spring.
委员会发布了一份评估去年春天所推行新方针的报告。
EN： The term 'COP' stands for 'Conference of the Parties', the governing body of international environmental conventions. While the public is often most familiar with climate summits (such as the COP for the UNFCCC), biodiversity operates under a separate track under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The '23 targets agreed at COP15' refers to the landmark Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in 2022, which set goals including the famous '30x30' pledge (protecting 30% of land and ocean by 2030).
中文： 「COP」代表「締約方大會」（Conference of the Parties），是國際環境公約的最高決策機構。大眾通常最熟悉氣候變遷相關的 COP（聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約），但生物多樣性屬於《聯合國生物多樣性公約》（CBD）的獨立機制。句中提及的「2022 年在第十五次締約方大會上議定的 23 項目標」，即著名的《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》，其中包括在 2030 年前保護全球 30% 陸地與海洋的「30x30」指標。
EN： The preposition 'amid' (meaning 'in the middle of' or 'surrounded by', often metaphorically amid circumstances, reactions, or emotions) is frequently used in journalistic and formal English to set the background context against which an event occurs.
中文： 介系词「amid」（意为「在……之中」或「在……背景下」）常用于新闻与正式书面语，通常伴随抽象名词（如警告、争议、混乱或掌声），用以描述某事发生的时代背景或社会氛围。
The reforms were approved amid widespread public protests.
这些改革是在大众广泛抗议的声浪中获得批准的。
EN： The noun 'warnings' is followed by an appositive clause introduced by the conjunction 'that'. Unlike a relative clause, 'that' does not replace an argument in the clause; it merely connects an abstract noun (e.g., warning, fact, claim, rumor) to a full clause explaining its content.
中文： 名词「warnings」后方接由连接词「that」引导的同位语子句（appositive clause）。与关系子句不同，同位语子句中的「that」不充当任何句子成分，且其后的子句结构完整，专门用来具体补充说明抽象名词（如 warning、fact、belief）的详细内容。
There are growing concerns that the peace talks may collapse.
人们越来越担心和平谈判可能会破裂。
EN： The subordinate clause uses the conjunction 'since' with a simple past tense ('the dinosaurs vanished') to mark a fixed point in the deep geological past, serving as a temporal benchmark for the ongoing event described in the present continuous tense ('is undergoing').
中文： 「since」在此作为从属连接词，后接简单过去式子句（「the dinosaurs vanished」），明确标示出地质历史上的某一固定时间起点，作为主句现在进行式（「is undergoing」）所描述当前持续性过程的参照基准。
The region has seen unprecedented growth since the new railway opened.
自从新铁路开通以来，该地区经历了前所未有的成长。
EN： The reference to 'the dinosaurs vanished' alludes to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event roughly 66 million years ago. In contemporary environmental and biodiversity discourse, scientific authorities often label our current era as the 'Sixth Mass Extinction' (the Anthropocene extinction), framing human-driven species decline alongside Earth's most catastrophic prehistoric events.
中文： 「恐龙灭绝」（dinosaurs vanished）指涉约 6,600 万年前的白垩纪—古近纪灭绝事件。在当代环境与生物多样性科学论述中，科学家常将当前人类活动引发的生物多样性崩跌称为「第六次大灭绝」（The Sixth Mass Extinction），刻意将现今的物种流失速度与地质史上的恐龙大灭绝相提并论，以凸显生态危机的空前与紧迫。
EN： This sentence employs locative/prepositional inversion (Fronting of Prepositional Phrase + Inverted Predicate). When a prepositional phrase expressing location, rank, or category ('Among...') is moved to the beginning for rhetorical focus or cohesion, the copular verb ('are') precedes the actual compound subject (the three coordinated gerund phrases).
中文： 本句采用了「介词短语前置倒装」（Locative/Prepositional Inversion）。当表示范畴或排名的介词短语（如 'Among...'）置于句首以达强调或文意衔接时，连系动词（are）会倒装至真正的复合主语（三个平行的动名词短语）之前。
Among the key challenges facing the committee are securing sufficient funding and retaining qualified personnel.
委员会面临的主要挑战包括筹集充足的资金以及留住合格的人才。
EN： Parallel gerund phrases functioning as compound subjects: Three balanced non-finite verb phrases ('protecting...', 'restoring...', and 'reforming...') are coordinated by 'and'. Because there are three distinct actions, the verb 'are' agrees with the plural compound subject.
中文： 平行结构动名词短语作为复合主语：三个对称的非限定动词短语（protecting...、restoring... 与 reforming...）由对等连接词 'and' 连接。由于主语由三个不同的行动构成，动词采用复数形 'are'。
Addressing climate change involves reducing carbon emissions, investing in renewable energy, and modernizing transport networks.
应对气候变化涉及减少碳排放、投资可再生能源以及使交通网络现代化。
EN： The targets listed in this sentence correspond directly to the landmark '30x30' initiative under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) agreed at COP15 in 2022. Target 3 commits nations to protect 30% of global terrestrial, inland water, and coastal/marine areas by 2030, Target 2 mandates restoring at least 30% of degraded ecosystems, and Target 18 pledges to phase out or reform at least $500 billion annually in environmentally harmful subsidies.
中文： 本句列出的各项目标直接对应 2022 年第十五次缔约方大会通过的《昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》（GBF）中著名的「30x30」倡议。该框架之「目标三」承诺在 2030 年前保护全球 30% 的陆地与海洋区域；「目标二」要求恢复至少 30% 退化的生态系统；「目标十八」则承诺每年淘汰或改革至少 5,000 亿美元对环境有害的补贴。
EN： Negative inversion occurs when a negative adverb or adverbial phrase (such as 'never', 'seldom', 'rarely', or 'under no circumstances') is placed at the beginning of a clause for rhetorical emphasis. The auxiliary verb precedes the subject, mirroring question word order ('Never have governments met...').
中文： 否定倒装句（Negative Inversion）：当否定副词或具否定意义的短语（如 never、seldom、rarely、under no circumstances 等）置于句首以达修辞强调时，主语与助动词必须倒装，语序如同疑问句（助动词 + 主语 + 主要动词，即 'Never have governments met...'）。
Rarely have scientists witnessed such rapid climatic shifts.
科学家极少见证过如此快速的气候转变。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate time clause referring to a specific historical starting point in the simple past ('was established'), while the main clause uses the present perfect ('have met') to describe actions or states extending from that point up to the present.
中文： 从属连接词 'since' 引导时间副词子句，通常表示某个过去特定的起点，该子句动词使用过去简单式（如 'was established'），而主要子句则搭配现在完成式（如 'have met'），用来表示从过去某个时间点持续迄今的状态或经验。
She has lived abroad ever since she graduated from university.
自从大学毕业后，她就一直住在国外。
EN： The '1992 Rio Earth Summit' (formally the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) was a landmark event that produced the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The sentence references this milestone to highlight more than three decades of systemic failure by global leaders to fulfill their international conservation promises.
中文： “1992年里约地球高峰会”（正式名称为联合国环境与发展会议）是国际环保史上的重大里程碑，会中催生了《生物多样性公约》（CBD）及《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）。本句提及此历史起点，旨在深刻突显全球各国政府在过往三十多年间，从未切实落实任何一项国际自然保护承诺的长期困境。
EN： The conjunction 'lest' introduces an adverbial clause of purpose or negative result, meaning 'for fear that' or 'in order to avoid'. In formal and literary English, the clause following 'lest' typically uses the present subjunctive (base form of the verb, e.g., 'fail') or 'should' + base verb.
中文： 连词“lest”引导目的或消极结果的状语从句，意为“唯恐、以免”。在正式或书面英文中，lest 所引导的从句通常使用虚拟语气（动词原形，例如本句的 fail），或使用“should + 原形动词”。
He spoke in whispers, lest he wake the sleeping infant.
他压低声音说话，以免吵醒熟睡的婴儿。
EN： The verb 'insist' (often followed by 'that') triggers the mandative subjunctive in formal English. The verb in the subordinate clause takes its base form ('demonstrate'), regardless of the subject's person or number.
中文： 动词“insist”后接 that 引导的名词从句时，在正式英文中需使用命令式虚拟语气（Mandative Subjunctive），从句中的动词一律使用原形动词（如本句中的“demonstrate”），不随主语人称或单复数作变化。
The committee insisted that every candidate submit their portfolio on time.
委员会坚持要求每位候选人按时提交作品集。
EN： The existential construction 'there has been' (present perfect of 'there is') indicates that something has emerged or occurred over a period leading up to the present. Paired with a nominalization like 'a concerted push to do sth', it conveys sustained, coordinated collective action without explicitly naming an agent.
中文： 存在句型“there has been”（there is 的现在完成式）表示从过去持续至今所发生的情况或趋势。搭配名词化结构“a concerted push to do sth”（一致推动…的行动），能在不直接指明施动者的情况下，强调集体且协同一致的努力。
There has been a concerted push to accelerate renewable energy transitions across Europe.
欧洲各地一直齐心协力推动加速向可再生能源的转型。
EN： The deadline '2030' refers to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15 in 2022, which set 23 targets to be achieved by 2030 to halt biodiversity loss. The phrase 'lest this decade's international agreements fail likewise' directly references the earlier 'Aichi Biodiversity Targets' (2010–2020), none of which were fully achieved globally, creating urgent diplomatic pressure at UN environmental summits.
中文： 句中提及的「2030」时间节点源于 2022 年第十五次缔约方大会（COP15）通过的《昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》，该架构设定了 23 项须在 2030 年前达成的目标以遏止生物多样性丧失。句末「以免这十年的国际协定同样以失败告终」则暗指先前的「爱知生物多样性目标」（2010–2020 年）在全球范围内完全未达标的歷史教训，这正是联合国自然峰会上各国面临巨大督促压力的由来。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 召集；集合（為正式會議而聚在一起）
在本文中： 生物多樣性
在本文中： 顯著的；重要的
在本文中： 退化的；受損的
在本文中： 補貼；津貼
在本文中： 齊心協力的；一致的
在本文中： 簽署國；簽約方
在本文中： 可衡量的；顯著的
在本文中： 以免；唯恐
在本文中： 同樣地
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
immediately, or with a quick look
一览；概览；一眼看去
to test how good or effective someone or something is, especially in a challenging situation
接受考验；使受检验
a determined and coordinated effort by a group of people to achieve something
齐心协力的推动；一致的努力
a biological community and its environment that has suffered damage or loss of biodiversity due to human activities or natural disasters
退化的生态系统