EN： In English, nouns can be followed by a letter or number to label specific items in a series.
中文： 在英语中，名词后面可以接字母或数字，用来标识特定的一项。
Please open your book to Page B.
请把书翻到第 B 页。
EN： In educational materials, 'Conversation A' and 'Conversation B' are standard ways to organize different dialogue practices.
中文： 在教學教材中，「對話 A」和「對話 B」是組織不同對話練習的標準方式。
EN： In Spanish, greetings often change based on the time of day. 'Hola' is a general greeting used anytime, while 'Buenas tardes' is specifically for the afternoon.
中文： 在西班牙语中，问候语通常随一天中的时间而变化。"Hola" 是随时都可以使用的通用问候语，而 "Buenas tardes" 则专门用于下午。
Buenas noches.
晚上好。
EN： In many Spanish-speaking cultures, it is common and polite to greet everyone, including strangers or service workers, with a friendly 'Hola' or time-specific greeting.
中文： 在許多西班牙語系國家的文化中，對每個人（包括陌生人或服務人員）使用友好的「Hola」或特定時間的問候語是非常普遍且有禮貌的行為。
EN： Use 'What are you + verb-ing' to ask about an action happening right now.
中文： 用 "What are you + v-ing" 询问对方此刻正在做什么。
What are you eating?
你在吃什么？
EN： In English, it is common to add the person's name at the end of a question to make it sound more friendly and direct.
中文： 在英文中，常在問句末尾加上對方的名字，這會讓語氣聽起來更親切且有禮貌。
EN： Use 'try to + verb' to talk about making an effort to do something.
中文： 用 "try to + 动词原形" 表示努力尝试做某事。
I'm trying to learn how to cook.
我正尝试学习怎么做饭。
EN： In the US, Spanish is the second most spoken language. Many service workers, like taxi drivers (passengers mentioned in context), learn basic Spanish to better serve their customers.
中文： 在美國，西班牙語是第二大語言。許多服務業從業人員（如文中提到的載客司機）會學習基礎西班牙語，以便更好地服務顧客。
EN： Use 'was/were + verb-ing' to talk about an action that was happening at a specific time in the past.
中文： 用 "was/were + v-ing" 描述过去某一特定时刻正在发生的动作。
I was practicing the piano at ten o'clock last night.
我昨晚十点正在练钢琴。
EN： In English-speaking environments, practicing common greetings like 'Good afternoon' is a polite way to show effort when learning a new language, even if you only know a few phrases.
中文： 在英語環境中，練習像「午安」這樣的常用問候語是學習新語言時展現誠意的一種禮貌方式，即使你只會幾個片語也沒關係。
EN： Use 'Why are you + verb-ing' to ask about someone's current reasons or motivations for doing something.
中文： 用 "Why are you + 现在分词 (v-ing)" 询问某人目前做某事的理由或动机。
Why are you wearing a coat?
你为什么穿着外套？
EN： In the United States, Spanish is the second most spoken language. It is very common for service workers (like taxi drivers or 'passengers' mentioned in the context) to learn basic Spanish to better communicate with their customers.
中文： 在美國，西班牙語是第二大語言。服務業從業人員（如對話中提到的乘客相關行業）學習基礎西班牙語以更好地與客戶溝通是非常普遍的現象。
EN： Use 'Why not?' as a short way to say you agree with a suggestion or to explain that there is no good reason to avoid doing something.
中文： 用 "Why not?" 作为简短的回答，表示赞成某项建议，或是认为没有理由不试试看（意为“有何不可？”）。
It's a beautiful day to go for a walk, so why not?
今天天气这么好，很适合散步，干嘛不出去走走呢？
EN： In English-speaking countries like the US, 'Why not?' is a very common and positive way to show openness to new experiences or suggestions, reflecting a 'can-do' attitude.
中文： 在美國等英語系國家，「Why not?」是一種非常常見且積極的表達方式，展現出對新事物或建議持開放、願意嘗試的態度。
EN： Use 'How many' followed by a plural noun to ask about the quantity or number of things you can count.
中文： 用 "How many" 后接可数名词复数，来询问可数事物的数量。
How many books do you have?
你有多少本书？
EN： In English conversations, starting a question with 'So' is a common way to transition to a new topic or follow up on what someone just said.
中文： 在英語對話中，用「So」作為問題的開頭是很常見的方式，用來轉換話題或針對對方剛才說的話進行追問。
EN： Use 'not very many' to talk about a small number of things that you can count (like phrases, books, or people). It is a short way to say 'I don't know many'.
中文： 用 "not very many" 表示数量极少的可数事物（如短语、书或人）。这是 "I don't know many" 的简略表达。
How many books do you have? Not very many.
你有几本书？不多。
EN： In English conversation, short fragments like this are very common. It sounds more natural than repeating the full sentence 'I do not know very many Spanish phrases.'
中文： 在英語對話中，像這樣的簡短片段非常常見。這比重複完整句子「I do not know very many Spanish phrases」聽起來更自然。
EN： Use 'That's all right' to comfort someone or show that a situation is okay, especially when they feel they are not doing enough.
中文： 用 "That's all right" 来安慰某人或表示没关系，尤其是当对方觉得自己做得不够好时。
I forgot to bring the book. That's all right.
我忘了带书。没关系。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, this phrase is a common way to respond to an apology or to encourage someone who is struggling with a new skill, like learning a language.
中文： 在英語系國家，這句話常用來回應道歉，或是用來鼓勵正在學習新技能（如學外語）而感到挫折的人。
EN： Use 'have fun' followed by a verb ending in '-ing' to describe enjoying a specific activity.
中文： 用 "have fun" 后接动名词 "-ing" 形式，表示享受做某项具体的活动。
We had fun playing soccer yesterday.
我们昨天踢足球玩得很开心。
EN： In Western culture, 'Take your time' is a common way to reduce pressure on someone, showing that the process is more important than speed.
中文： 在西方文化中，「Take your time」是減輕他人壓力的常用方式，表達出過程比速度更重要。
EN： Use 'Don't' at the beginning of a sentence to give advice or tell someone not to do something.
中文： 在句首使用 "Don't" 来提出建议或告诫某人不要做某事。
Don't worry about the test.
不要担心考试。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, it is common to encourage learners by telling them to relax and not worry about making mistakes.
中文： 在英語系國家，人們常用這句話來鼓勵學習者放鬆心情，不要擔心犯錯。
EN： Nouns can be used as labels to identify specific parts of a text or sequence, often followed by a letter or number.
中文： 名词可以用作标识，来指定文本或序列中的某个特定部分，后面通常接字母或数字。
Exercise A
练习 A
EN： In English learning materials, 'Conversation A/B' is a standard way to organize different dialogue scenarios for practice.
中文： 在英文教材中，「Conversation A/B」是用來組織不同對話情境進行練習的標準方式。
EN： Use 'make + [activity] + a habit' to describe turning an action into a regular routine.
中文： 用 "make + [活动] + a habit" 表示把某项活动变成规律性的习惯。
I am trying to make drinking water a habit.
我正试图养成喝水的习惯。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, self-improvement and 'habit-stacking' are popular topics. Using 'trying to' shows a humble approach to learning a new skill.
中文： 在英語系國家，自我提升和「建立習慣」是熱門話題。使用「trying to」展現了學習新技能時謙虛且努力的態度。
EN： Use 'how are you + verb-ing' to ask about the current method or process someone is using to achieve a goal.
中文： 用 "how are you + 现在分词 (v-ing)" 来询问某人目前正在通过什么方式或过程达成目标。
How are you saving money for the trip?
你是怎么为这次旅行攒钱的？
EN： In English conversations, starting a question with 'And' is a common way to show you are listening and want to hear more details about what the speaker just said.
中文： 在英語對話中，以 'And' 開頭提問是一種常見的方式，用來表示你正在傾聽，並想聽聽對方剛才所說內容的更多細節。
EN： Use the preposition 'in' followed by a language to describe the medium of communication.
中文： 用介词 "in" 加上某种“语言”，表示沟通时所使用的语言媒介。
She wrote the letter in French.
她是用法语写的这封信。
EN： In multicultural cities or specific service industries (like taxi driving), it is common and polite to greet customers in multiple languages to make them feel welcome.
中文： 在多元文化的城市或特定的服務業（如計程車司機）中，使用多種語言問候顧客是很常見且有禮貌的做法，能讓顧客感到賓至如歸。
EN： Use 'Do' at the beginning of a sentence to ask a question about a regular action or general fact with 'I', 'you', 'we', or 'they'.
中文： 在句首使用助动词 "Do" 询问主语为 第一/二/三人称复数（I/you/we/they） 的日常习惯或客观事实。
Do you like coffee?
你喜欢咖啡吗？
EN： In English, 'Cool' is a very common, informal way to show you are listening and find something interesting or good.
中文： 在英文中，「Cool」是一個非常常見且非正式的詞，用來表示你在傾聽，並且覺得對方說的事情很有趣或很棒。
EN： Use 'a few' to talk about a small number of people or things. It is always followed by a plural noun.
中文： 用 "a few" 表示少量的几个人或事物。后面总是接可数名词复数。
A few of my friends like to play soccer.
我的几个朋友喜欢踢足球。
EN： In English-speaking countries with large immigrant populations, like the US, it is common and appreciated when service workers (like taxi drivers) try to learn basic phrases of their passengers' native languages.
中文： 在像美國這樣擁有大量移民人口的英語國家，服務業人員（如計程車司機）嘗試學習乘客母語的基本片語是很常見且受人讚賞的行為。
EN： Use 'That is' (That's) followed by an adjective to react to something someone just said.
中文： 用 "That is"（缩写为 That's）后接形容词，来对别人刚说的话做出回应或评价。
That's wonderful.
那太棒了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, it is common to give positive feedback like 'That's great' to show you are listening and supportive during a conversation.
中文： 在英語系國家中，對話時給予積極的回饋（如：That's great）是非常普遍的，這表示你正在傾聽並支持對方的說法。
EN： Use 'It is + adjective + to + verb' to describe how an action feels. 'It' is a placeholder for the action that comes later.
中文： 用 "It is + 形容词 + to + 动词原形" 句型表达做某事的感受。这里的 It 是形式主语，指代后面真正要做的事。
It is fun to learn new things.
学习新事物很有趣。
EN： In many English-speaking cultures, practicing a language with strangers (like taxi drivers or shopkeepers) is seen as a brave and positive way to learn, and most people are very patient and encouraging.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，與陌生人（如計程車司機或店員）練習語言被視為一種勇敢且積極的學習方式，大多數人都會非常有耐心並給予鼓勵。
EN： The verb 'understand' is used in the simple present tense to show that you agree with or follow what someone is saying right now.
中文： 动词 "understand" 使用一般现在时，表示你赞同或听懂了对方刚才说的话。
I understand the rules.
我明白这些规则。
EN： In English, saying 'I understand' is a polite way to show active listening, especially when someone is sharing their feelings or a difficult situation.
中文： 在英語中，說「I understand」是一種展現積極傾聽的禮貌方式，特別是當對方在分享感受或困難處境時。
EN： Use 'The more... the better...' to show that when one thing increases, another thing also changes in a positive way.
中文： 用 "The more... the better..." 表示一件事增加时，另一件事也会随之变好（越……就越……）。
The more you practice, the better you play.
你练习得越多，踢得就越好。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, encouraging language learners by focusing on practice rather than perfection is very common. The phrase 'the more... the better' is a standard way to offer positive reinforcement.
中文： 在英語文化中，鼓勵語言學習者時通常會強調「多練習」而非「追求完美」。使用「the more... the better」是一種非常標準且正向的鼓勵方式。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 回想、记住信息
在本文中： 乘坐交通工具的乘客
在本文中： 心理上的压力或负担
在本文中： 习惯、习性
在本文中： 问候、打招呼
在本文中： 回答、回应
在本文中： 令人害怕的、胆怯的
在本文中： 陌生人
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
to not hurry; to use as much time as is needed
慢慢来、不急
to begin to do something regularly
养成……的习惯
used to say that a greater amount or degree of something will result in a better outcome
愈……愈好