EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause happens at the same time or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. In zero conditional sentences (expressing general truths or habits), present simple tense is used in both clauses.
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时或紧接着发生。在表达不变真理或习惯的「零条件句」中，两个从句皆使用一般现在时。
When the sun sets, it gets dark.
当太阳下山时，天色就会变暗。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two verbs ('stay' and 'read') that share the same subject ('I'). This avoids repeating the subject and creates a smooth, parallel structure.
中文： 并列连词「and」（和、而且）用于连接共享同一个主语（I）的两个动词（stay 与 read）。这样可以避免重复主语，并创造出流畅且对称的句型结构。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'. It expresses a real or likely situation and its probable result.
中文： 第一类条件句（First Conditional）用于讨论现在或未来可能发生的真实情况。其结构为「If + 一般现在时，will + 动词原形」，用来表达一个极可能发生的条件及其预期会产生的结果。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我们就会取消野餐。
EN： The adverb 'hard' is used here to modify the verb 'study', meaning with great energy or effort. Note that 'hard' is both an adjective and an adverb; 'hardly' has a completely different meaning (scarcely/almost not).
中文： 副词「hard」在此处用来修饰动词「study」，表示努力地、费劲地。请注意，「hard」兼具形容词与副词的身份，而「hardly」则具有完全不同的否定意思（几乎不）。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, this phrase reflects a strong belief in meritocracy and the growth mindset—the idea that individual effort and hard work directly lead to success and positive outcomes.
中文： 在英語系國家的文化中，這句話反映了對「個人努力與收穫成正比」以及「成長型思維」的深厚信念，即個人的付出與努力會直接帶來成功與好的結果。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 从属连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，当句子开头使用了「although」，后面的主句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although she was tired, she finished her homework.
虽然她很累，她还是完成了作业。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. Here, 'was' is the past tense of 'is', and 'went' is the irregular past tense of 'go'.
中文： 一般过去时用于描述过去已经完成的动作或状态。在此句中，「was」是「is」的过去式，而「went」是动词「go」的不规则过去式变化。
We went to the park yesterday.
我们昨天去了公园。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause of the action or state in the main clause. In English, we do not use 'so' in the main clause when 'because' is used.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用来引导状语从句（原因从句），以解释主句中动作或状态的原因。请注意，英文中「because」与「so」（所以）不能同时出现在同一个句子中。
She stayed home because it was raining.
她待在家里，因为下雨了。
EN： The Simple Past Tense is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. Here, 'was' is the past tense of the linking verb 'be', and 'won' is the irregular past tense of the verb 'win'.
中文： 一般过去时用于描述过去已经完成的动作或状态。在本句中，「was」是系动词「be」的过去式，而「won」则是动词「win」（赢）的不规则过去式变化。
They were excited because they saw a movie.
他们很兴奋，因为他们看了一部电影。
EN： In English-speaking countries, sports and matches (such as football, rugby, or soccer) are a significant part of social life and school culture. Winning a match is a common source of pride and community celebration.
中文： 在英語系國家，體育運動與比賽（如美式足球、橄欖球或英式足球）是社交生活和校園文化中非常重要的一部分。贏得比賽是大家聚在一起慶祝、展現向心力的常見原因。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that one action happens immediately after or at the same time as another. In present tense general truths or routines, both clauses use the simple present tense.
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，表示一个动作在另一个动作发生时或之后立即发生。在表示常态、规律或真理时，主句与从句皆使用一般现在时。
When the sun rises, the birds start singing.
当太阳升起时，鸟儿就开始唱歌。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with singular nouns: In the simple present tense, when the subject is a singular noun (e.g., 'the bell'), the verb must take the third-person singular form (e.g., 'rings' with an '-s').
中文： 单数名词的主语与动词一致性：在一般现在时中，当主语为单数名词（如「the bell」）时，动词必须使用第三人称单数形式（如「rings」加上 -s）。
The train arrives at six o'clock.
火车在六点钟抵达。
EN： In many English-speaking schools, a physical or electronic bell is used to signal the transition between class periods. Students are expected to pack up and move to their next classroom immediately when the bell rings.
中文： 在許多英語系國家的學校中，會使用實體或電子的鐘聲來提示課堂之間的轉換。當鐘聲響起時，學生通常需要立即收拾書包並前往下一間教室。
EN： The first conditional structure using 'if' is used to talk about real and possible situations. In this sentence, 'If you are tired' is the conditional clause (present simple), and 'you should rest' is the main clause expressing advice.
中文： 使用「if」（如果）的第一类条件句结构，用于描述真实且可能发生的情况。在本句中，「If you are tired」是从句（使用一般现在时），而「you should rest」则是表达建议的主句。
If you are hungry, you can eat an apple.
如果你饿了，你可以吃个苹果。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to give advice, recommendations, or suggestions. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to').
中文： 情态助动词「should」（应该）用于给予建议或推荐。其后接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。
You should sleep early tonight.
你今晚应该早点睡。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast with the main clause. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示与主句的对比。请注意，在英文中，当使用了「although」时，主句开头不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The adverb 'very' is an intensifier used before adjectives (like 'smart') to emphasize the degree of the quality.
中文： 副词「very」（非常）是一个修饰语，用于形容词（如「smart」）之前，以加强该特质的程度。
He is very kind to everyone.
他对每个人都非常友善。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the event in the dependent clause.
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作与从句的事件同时发生或在其后紧接着发生。
I wear sunglasses when the sun is bright.
当阳光刺眼时，我会戴太阳镜。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to describe a habitual action or a general truth. In this sentence, both the main clause ('I bring') and the time clause ('the weather is cold') use the simple present to show a regular routine.
中文： 此处使用一般现在时来描述习惯性的行为或普遍事实。在本句中，主句（I bring）与时间从句（the weather is cold）皆使用一般现在时，表示一种规律的习惯。
She drinks water when she feels thirsty.
她口渴时会喝水。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause that states the reason for an action. In English, when the 'because' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma. Unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'so' (所以) in the main clause when 'because' (因為) is already used.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用来引导表示原因的从句。在英文中，当「because」引导的从句放在句首时，必须用逗号与主句隔开。请注意，英文中「because」与「so」（所以）不能同时出现在同一个句子中，这与中文「因为……所以……」的习惯不同。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因为下雨，我们待在室内。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Here, 'was' is the past tense of the be-verb 'is/am', and 'took' is the irregular past tense form of the verb 'take'.
中文： 一般过去时用于描述过去已经完成的动作或状态。在此句中，「was」是be动词「is/am」的过去式，而「took」则是动词「take」的不规则过去式变化。
She took a bus to work yesterday.
她昨天坐公交车去上班。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will/can/may + Verb'.
中文： 第一类条件句（First Conditional）用于描述在现在或未来极有可能发生的真实情况。其结构为：「If + 一般现在时，will/can/may + 动词原形」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.
如果明天下雨，我们就会待在室内。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express ability or possibility in the future, indicating that catching the train is a possible outcome if the condition is met.
中文： 情态助动词「can」在此处用于表示未来的能力或可能性，指出如果满足前述条件，赶上火车是可能实现的结果。
If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.
如果你写完作业，你就可以看电视。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when'. In this structure, 'when' is a subordinating conjunction used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. When the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 由「when」引导的时间状语从句。在这种结构中，「when」是从属连词，用来表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时或紧接着发生。当「when」从句放在句首时，需要用逗号与主句隔开。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
当钟声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The Simple Present Tense for habitual actions or general truths. Both 'comes' and 'go' are in the simple present tense to describe a regular, repeating routine that happens every summer.
中文： 使用一般现在时来表示习惯性动作或普遍事实。句中的「comes」和「go」皆为一般现在时，用来描述每年夏天都会发生的规律、重复性活动。
When winter comes, they go skiing in the mountains.
当冬天来临时，他们会去山里滑雪。
EN： Going to the beach is a classic summer activity in many English-speaking countries, often associated with family vacations, road trips, and relaxation during the warmest months of the year.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，去海灘是典型的夏季活動，通常與家庭度假、公路旅行以及在一年中最溫暖的月份放鬆身心聯繫在一起。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，当句子开头使用了「although」，后面的主句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The idiom 'try one's best' means to make the greatest effort possible. The possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, etc.) must agree with the subject.
中文： 短语「try one's best」意为「尽某人最大的努力」。其中的所有格代词（my, your, his, her 等）必须与主语一致。
She tried her best to pass the driving test.
她尽了最大努力想通过路考。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, emphasizing individual effort ('trying one's best') is highly valued, often more so than the final outcome or score. It reflects a growth mindset.
中文： 在英語系國家中，強調個人付出（「盡最大努力」）是非常受到重視的價值觀，有時甚至比最終的結果或分數更重要。這體現了一種「成長型思維」。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that one action happens at the same time as, or immediately after, another. In present-tense general statements, both the 'when' clause and the main clause use the simple present tense.
中文： 由 'when'（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示一个动作与另一个动作同时或紧接着发生。在表示常态或规律的现在时句子中，'when' 从句与主句皆使用一般现在时。
When the bell rings, the students enter the classroom.
当钟声响起时，学生们进入教室。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to describe a habitual action or a general truth. Note the subject-verb agreement: 'the weekend' is singular, so the verb 'come' takes the third-person singular ending '-s' (comes). Similarly, 'my family' is treated as a singular collective unit here, so it takes the singular verb 'makes'.
中文： 此处使用一般现在时来描述一种习惯性的行为或常态。请注意主语与动词的一致性：'the weekend'（周末）为单数，因此动词 'come' 须加上第三人称单数词尾 '-s' 变成 'comes'。同样地，'my family'（我的家人）在此被视为一个单数的整体单位，因此搭配单数动词 'makes'。
When spring arrives, the flowers bloom.
当春天到来时，花朵盛开。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, 'the weekend' (Saturday and Sunday) is highly valued as personal/family time. 'Making simple plans' reflects a common lifestyle preference for relaxing, low-stress activities (like hiking, picnics, or movie nights) rather than busy or expensive schedules.
中文： 在英語系國家中，「週末」（週六與週日）被視為非常珍貴的個人與家庭時間。「做簡單的計畫」（making simple plans）反映了一種常見的生活態度，即傾向於安排輕鬆、低壓力的活動（如健行、野餐或電影之夜），而非忙碌或昂貴的行程。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Simple Present'. It indicates that every time the condition is met, the result automatically follows.
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、习惯或科学事实。其结构为「If + 一般现在时，一般现在时」。这表示每次只要条件成立，结果就必然会发生。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰块，它就会融化。
EN： The expression 'go + verb-ing' is commonly used to describe recreational activities or sports, especially those done outdoors (e.g., go hiking, go swimming, go shopping).
中文： 「go + 动词-ing」的短语常用于描述休闲活动或运动，特别是户外活动（例如：去远足、去游泳、去购物）。
We often go camping in the summer.
我们夏天经常去露营。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast between two ideas. Unlike in Chinese, where 'although' (雖然) and 'but' (但是) are often used together, in English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence. If you start with 'although', do not use 'but' in the main clause.
中文： 连词「although」用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。与中文常将「虽然」和「但是」连用不同，在英文中，「although」和「but」不能同时出现在同一个句子中。如果开头使用了「although」，主句就不能再使用「but」。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The adverb 'always' is an adverb of frequency. It is typically placed before the main verb (like 'enjoy') but after the auxiliary verb or the verb 'be'.
中文： 副词「always」（总是）是一个频率副词。它通常放在一般动词（如「enjoy」）之前，但要放在助动词或 be 动词之后。
She always drinks coffee in the morning.
她早上总是喝咖啡。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that gives the reason for something. In English, 'because' is placed directly before the reason clause, and unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'so' (所以) in the main clause when 'because' is present.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用于引导表示原因的从句。在英文中，「because」直接置于原因从句之前，且与中文习惯不同，当句中已有「because」时，主句中不可再并用「so」（所以）。
We stayed indoors because it was raining.
我们待在室内，因为下雨了。
EN： 'Lots of' is an informal determiner meaning 'a large number or amount of'. It can be used with both countable nouns (like 'books') and uncountable nouns (like 'water').
中文： 「Lots of」（许多）是一个非正式的限定词，表示「大量的」。它既可用于可数名词（如 books），也可用于不可数名词（如 water）。
She has lots of friends in London.
她在伦敦有很多朋友。
EN： In English, when describing hot or intense sunny weather, we often say 'the sun is strong' rather than 'the sun is big'. Using 'strong' emphasizes the intensity of the heat and UV rays.
中文： 在英文中，描述陽光烈、天氣炎熱時，我們通常會說「the sun is strong」（太陽很強烈），而不是字面直譯的「the sun is big」。使用「strong」能準確表達紫外線和熱度的高強度。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, which establishes the condition or time under which the action in the main clause occurs. When the 'when'-clause comes first, it is typically separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，用以建立主句动作发生的时间或条件。当「when」引导的从句放在句首时，通常会用逗号与主句隔开。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
当钟声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copula) that is followed by an adjective (like 'tired') to describe the subject's state or emotion, rather than an adverb.
中文： 动词「feel」（感觉）是一个系动词（linking verb），后面接形容词（如「tired」）来描述主语的状态或感受，而非接副词。
She feels happy about her test results.
她对自己的考试成绩感到高兴。
EN： The First Conditional (If + Present Simple, Present Simple/Will) is used here to express a general truth or a real/possible situation. In this sentence, both clauses use the present simple tense to show a habitual action or automatic result: whenever condition A happens, action B follows.
中文： 第一条件句（If + 一般现在时，一般现在时/will）在此处用于表达普遍真理或真实、可能发生的情况。在本句中，两个从句皆使用一般现在时，以表示一种习惯性的行为或必然的结果：每当条件A发生时，动作B就会随之发生。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰块，它就会融化。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people do the same thing to one another. It functions as the object of the verb 'help'.
中文： 相互代词「each other」（彼此、互相）用于表示两个或更多人互相做相同的事情。在这里作为动词「help」的宾语。
We should always support each other.
我们应该总是互相支持。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast with the main clause. Note that in English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示与主句的对比。请注意，在英文中，当使用了「although」时，主句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The phrase 'get lost' is an idiomatic expression meaning to lose one's way. 'Get' acts as a linking verb followed by the past participle 'lost' functioning as an adjective.
中文： 短语「get lost」是一个习惯用语，意思是「迷路」。这里的「get」作为系动词，后面接过去分词「lost」当作形容词使用。
We got lost in the big city.
我们在大城市里迷路了。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause of the action in the main clause. When the 'because' clause comes first, it is followed by a comma.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用于引导从句（原因状语从句），用来解释主句动作的原因。当「because」引导的从句放在句首时，后面必须加上逗号与主句隔开。
Because she studied hard, she passed the exam.
因为她努力学习，所以她通过了考试。
EN： Adverbs of frequency, such as 'usually', describe how often an action occurs. They are typically placed after the 'be' verb (am/is/are/was/were) but before main verbs.
中文： 频率副词（如「usually」通常）用来描述动作发生的频率。它们通常放在 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）之后，一般动词之前。
He is usually on time for meetings.
他开会通常都很准时。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause.
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作与该从句的动作同时或紧接着发生。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
当钟声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copular verb) that is followed by adjectives ('tired', 'happy') to describe the state or emotion of the subject.
中文： 动词「feel」（感觉/感到）是一个系动词，后面接形容词（如「tired」和「happy」）来描述主语的状态或情绪。
She feels excited about her new job.
她对她的新工作感到兴奋。
EN： The use of 'when' to introduce an adverbial clause of time. In this structure, 'when' indicates the time at which the action in the main clause occurs. When the 'when' clause comes second, no comma is needed before it.
中文： 使用「when」（当……时）引导时间状语从句。在此结构中，「when」指出主句动作发生的时间点。当「when」从句放在主句后面时，两者之间不需要逗号。
I listen to music when I feel stressed.
当我感到有压力时，我会听音乐。
EN： The simple present tense is used in both the main clause ('do you do') and the subordinate clause ('it rains') to talk about habitual actions, routines, or general truths.
中文： 在主句（do you do）与从句（it rains）中皆使用一般现在时，用来描述习惯性的行为、日常事务或普遍事实。
What do you eat when you visit Japan?
你去日本旅游时都吃些什么？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, asking about rainy day activities is a common, friendly way to start a casual conversation or small talk, as weather is a universally shared and neutral topic.
中文： 在英語系國家中，詢問對方下雨天都做些什麼，是一種非常常見且友善的閒聊（small talk）開頭方式。因為天氣是大家共同經歷且中立的話題，非常適合用來拉近人際距離。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that two actions happen at the same time or one after another. In present-tense general truths or habits, both the dependent clause (with 'when') and the main clause use the simple present tense.
中文： 由 'when'（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示两个动作同时或接连发生。在描述现在的规律、事实或习惯时，从句（含 when）与主句皆使用一般现在时。
When the sun rises, the birds sing.
当太阳升起时，鸟儿就会歌唱。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank, representing a choice or alternative between them (in this case, the verbs 'read' and 'draw').
中文： 并列连词 'or'（或者）用于连接两个语法地位对等的单词、短语或从句，表示两者之间的选择或替代关系（在此句中连接动词 'read' 与 'draw'）。
You can walk or take a bus to the museum.
你可以走路或坐公交车去博物馆。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一类条件句（假设语气）：用于描述在现在或未来极有可能发生的真实情况。其结构为「If + 一般现在时，will + 动词原形」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我们将会取消野餐。
EN： Adverb 'early': Used here as an adverb modifying the verb 'finish' to indicate completing an action before the usual or expected time.
中文： 副词「early」（提早/早）：在这里作为副词修饰动词「finish」，表示在通常或预期的时间之前完成某个动作。
She arrived early to get a good seat.
她提早到达以占个好位子。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英语语法中，当句首使用了「although」时，主句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we enjoyed our walk.
虽然下着雨，我们依然玩得很开心。
EN： The phrase 'make time for' means to proactively find or create time in one's busy schedule to do something or spend time with someone.
中文： 短语「make time for」字面意思是「为……制造时间」，意指在繁忙的日程中主动抽空、挤出时间给某人或做某事。
She always makes time for her family on weekends.
她周末总是会抽空陪伴家人。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, maintaining a balance between work/study and social life (often referred to as 'work-life balance') is highly valued. Actively 'making time' for friends despite a busy schedule is seen as a sign of strong relationship commitment and emotional maturity.
中文： 在英語系國家中，維持工作/學業與社交生活之間的平衡（即 work-life balance）非常受到重視。儘管行程繁忙，仍主動為朋友「抽空」（make time）被視為對友誼的重視與情感成熟的表現。
EN： Linking Verbs (Copular Verbs): 'Feel' is used as a linking verb here, which connects the subject 'I' to the subject complement adjective 'calm' to describe the subject's state of mind.
中文： 系动词（Linking Verbs）：这里的 'feel' 作为系动词使用，用来连接主语 'I' 与形容词主语补语 'calm'，以描述主语的心境或状态。
She feels happy when she listens to music.
当她听音乐时，她感到快乐。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Reason: The conjunction 'because' introduces a subordinate clause ('because my friends support me') that explains the reason for the action or state in the main clause.
中文： 原因状语从句：连词 'because' 引导一个从句（'because my friends support me'），用来解释主句中所述动作或状态的原因。
We stayed indoors because it was raining heavily.
因为雨下得很大，我们待在室内。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when'. In English, when the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma. It sets the condition or time frame for the action in the main clause.
中文： 由 'when' 引导的时间状语从句。在英文中，当 'when' 从句放在句首时，会用逗号与主句隔开。它为主句中的动作设定了时间背景或条件。
When you arrive at the station, give me a call.
当你到达车站时，给我打个电话。
EN： Imperative sentences used for giving instructions or offers. An imperative sentence starts directly with the base form of the verb (here, 'call'). The adverb 'just' is often added before the verb to make the request sound more casual, friendly, or to emphasize that the action is simple to do.
中文： 用于给予指示或提供帮助的祈使句。祈使句直接以动词原形（此处为 'call'）开头。在动词前加上副词 'just'（尽管、直接）通常能让语气显得更随和、友善，或强调该动作非常简单、不麻烦。
If you have any questions, just ask me.
如果你有任何问题，直接问我就好。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, offering help with 'just call me' or 'let me know if you need anything' is a very common social convention. While it is always warm and friendly, depending on the closeness of the relationship, it can either be a polite gesture or a genuine invitation for support. In this context, it shows a supportive and reliable friendship.
中文： 在英語系國家中，用 'just call me' 或 'let me know if you need anything'（需要什麼隨時告訴我）來提供幫助是非常常見的社交禮儀。雖然這聽起來總是溫暖且友善，但根據關係的親疏，它可能只是客套的禮貌，也可能是真誠的協助邀請。在此對話情境中，這展現了朋友間互相扶持與可靠的友誼。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or situations where one event always leads to another. It uses the structure: 'If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、科学事实，或某个条件总是会导致特定结果的情况。其结构为：「If + 一般现在时，一般现在时」。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰块，它就会融化。
EN： The adverb 'together' is used to modify the verb 'work', indicating that the action is performed in cooperation with others.
中文： 副词「together」（一起、合作地）用来修饰动词「work」，表示该动作是以合作的方式进行的。
EN： In English-speaking professional and academic environments, there is a strong cultural emphasis on collaboration and teamwork. Phrases like 'work together' and 'team player' are highly valued and frequently used to encourage cooperative effort.
中文： 在英語系的職場與學術環境中，非常強調團隊合作（teamwork）的文化價值。像「work together」和「team player」（具有團隊合作精神的人）這類的表達方式經常被用來鼓勵大家攜手共事。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used in the subordinate clause.
中文： 连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，当从句使用了「although」时，主句中**不能**再用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The adverb 'well' is used to modify the verb 'did' (past tense of 'do'), indicating the manner in which the action was performed.
中文： 副词「well」（好地）用来修饰动词「did」（「do」的过去式），表示该动作进行的方式或状态。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause ('I smile') happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause ('I think of our good times').
中文： 从属连词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作（I smile）与从句的动作（I think of our good times）同时或紧接着发生。
I feel happy when I listen to music.
当我听音乐时，我感到快乐。
EN： The phrasal verb 'think of' means to bring something to mind, remember, or contemplate. It is followed by a noun phrase acting as its object.
中文： 短语动词「think of」意为「想起、回忆起」或「考虑」。其后接名词短语作为宾语。
She always thinks of her family when she travels.
她旅行时总是会想起她的家人。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that gives the reason for something. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'so' (所以) in the main clause when 'because' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 从属连词「because」（因为）用于引导表示原因的从句。在英文中，当句首使用了「because」时，主句中**不能**再使用「so」（所以），这与中文「因为……所以……」的双重连词结构不同。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因为下雨，我们待在室内。
EN： 'Each other' is a reciprocal pronoun used to indicate that two or more people carry out an action that mutually affects one another.
中文： 「each other」是相互代词，表示两个人或以上互相进行某个动作，意为「彼此」或「互相」。
They always help each other with their homework.
他们总是互相帮助对方做功课。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, emphasizing mutual trust ('trust each other') and teamwork is a common value in both personal relationships and professional environments, often highlighted as the foundation of strength and success.
中文： 在英語系國家文化中，強調彼此信任（trust each other）與團隊合作是個人關係和職場環境中非常普遍的核心價值，人們常將信任視為強大與成功的基石。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 简单的、不复杂的
在本文中： （乡间或林间的）小径、步道
在本文中： 恐慌、惊慌失措
在本文中： 支持、鼓励
在本文中： 信任、相信
在本文中： 平静的、镇定的
在本文中： 任务、工作
在本文中： 安全的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To do everything one can to achieve something; to make a maximum effort.
尽我最大的努力
To lose one's way; to become bewildered or disoriented.
迷路
Immediately; without delay.
立刻、马上
To find or create time in a busy schedule to do something.
抽空、挤出时间