EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen. In this sentence, 'had' is the past simple form of 'have', indicating that we currently do not have a cure for every disease.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后面接过去式动词（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反、或不太可能实现的愿望。在本句中，「had」是「have」的过去式，表示我们目前实际上并没有治愈每种疾病的方法。
I wish I knew the answer to this question.
我希望我知道这个问题的答案。（但实际上我不知道）
EN： The determiner 'every' is used before a singular countable noun ('disease') to refer to all members of a group of three or more. It emphasizes each individual member of the group.
中文： 限定词「every」（每个）用于单数可数名词（如「disease」）之前，用来指代三个或以上群体中的所有成员，强调群体中的每一个个体。
Every student in the class passed the exam.
班上的每个学生都通过了考试。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple (using 'were' for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来不可能发生、或纯属想象的虚拟情况。其结构为「If + 主语 + 过去式动词（不论主语人称，Be 动词一律用 were），主语 + would + 动词原形」。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受那份工作邀请。
EN： The verb 'study' is used here as a transitive verb meaning to investigate or research a subject in detail, rather than just preparing for an exam.
中文： 动词「study」在此处作为及物动词，意思是针对某个学科或领域进行深入的「研究」或「探讨」，而不仅仅是指为了考试而「读书」。
She wants to study the effects of climate change on oceans.
她想要研究气候变化对海洋的影响。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future to be different from reality. Here, 'cared' (past tense) indicates that people currently do not care enough about the oceans.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望/但愿）后面接过去式动词（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来状况与事实相反的愿望。在此处，使用过去式「cared」表示人们目前对海洋的关心程度不如预期。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： The phrase 'care about' is a phrasal verb meaning to feel concern or interest in something. When adding 'more' to express a higher degree, it is placed directly after the verb 'cared' and before the prepositional phrase 'about the oceans'.
中文： 短语「care about」是一个动词短语，意思是关心或在乎某事。当加入「more」来表示更高程度时，它会直接放在动词「cared」之后、介词短语「about the oceans」之前。
She cares deeply about animal welfare.
她非常关心动物福利。
EN： Environmental protection, especially ocean conservation, is a highly discussed topic globally. Using 'I wish' in this context reflects a common soft-spoken advocacy style in English, expressing a strong hope for change without sounding overly demanding or aggressive.
中文： 環境保護（特別是海洋保育）在全球都是高度受到討論的話題。在這種語境下使用「I wish」反映了英語中一種溫和的倡議風格，既表達了對改變的強烈期盼，又不會顯得過於強求或具攻擊性。
EN： Second Conditional: Used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设语气（第二类条件句）：用于表示与现在或未来事实相反、或几乎不可能发生的假设情况。结构为「If + 主语 + 过去式动词, 主语 + would + 原形动词」。
If I had more free time, I would learn how to paint.
如果我有更多空闲时间，我就会去学画画。
EN： Comparative Adjectives: 'Better' is the irregular comparative form of 'good', used to compare two things. 'Less' is the comparative form of 'little' (used with uncountable nouns like 'waste').
中文： 比较级形容词与副词：「better」是「good」的不规则比较级，用于两者之间的比较；「less」则是「little」的比较级，修饰不可数名词（如本句中的「waste」），表示「较少地」。
We need better tools to produce less waste.
我们需要更好的工具来产生更少的废弃物。
EN： The verb 'wish' followed by a clause with 'could' (the past form of 'can') is used to express a desire for something that is currently impossible or highly unlikely in the present or future. It reflects a hypothetical situation.
中文： 动词「wish」后面接含有「could」（「can」的过去式）的从句，用来表示对目前或未来不可能或极不可能实现的事情的愿望，反映出一种假设性的情况。
I wish I could fly like a bird.
我希望我能像鸟一样飞翔。
EN： The verb 'explore' is a transitive verb meaning to travel through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it. It is followed directly by its object (e.g., 'other planets').
中文： 动词「explore」（探索）是一个及物动词，意思是穿越一个不熟悉的区域以了解它。其后直接接宾语（例如「other planets」）。
We want to explore the ancient cave.
我们想要探索这个古老的洞穴。
EN： Space exploration is a common theme in science fiction and general education in English-speaking countries, reflecting a cultural curiosity about the universe and the future of humanity.
中文： 太空探索是英語系國家科幻小說和通識教育中常見的主題，反映了人們對宇宙和人類未來的文化好奇心。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'did' and 'would have' are used here to show that the situation is currently unreal, not to refer to past time.
中文： 第二类条件句（Second Conditional）用于描述在现在或未来假设、想象或极不可能发生的情况。其结构为「If + 主语 + 过去一般时动词，主语 + would + 原形动词」。请注意，这里使用「did」和「would have」是为了表示目前与事实相反的假设，而非指过去的时间。
If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.
如果我有一百万美元，我就会环游世界。
EN： The adjective 'dull' means boring, uninteresting, or lacking excitement. It is commonly used to describe repetitive tasks or jobs that do not require much creativity.
中文： 形容词「dull」意为「无聊的、单调乏味的或缺乏刺激的」。它常用于描述不需要太多创造力的重复性任务或工作。
He decided to quit his dull office job to become an artist.
他决定辞掉他那份枯燥乏味的办公室工作，去当一名艺术家。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen. Here, 'used' is in the past tense to show that the city currently does not use only solar power.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望/但愿）后面接过去式动词（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反、或不太可能实现的愿望。在此处，使用过去式「used」表示该城市目前实际上并非仅使用太阳能。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
但愿我有更多空闲时间去旅行。（事实上现在没有）
EN： The word 'only' is an adverb used as a modifier to restrict the meaning to one single thing or action. In this sentence, it modifies 'solar power', emphasizing that no other energy sources are desired.
中文： 「only」是一个副词，作为修饰语，用来将意义限制在单一的事物或动作上。在本句中，它修饰「solar power」（太阳能），强调不希望使用其他任何能源。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb (were for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设语气（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来不可能发生或极不可能发生的假设情况。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词（不论主语人称，Be动词一律用were），主语 + would + 动词原形」。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受那份工作邀请。
EN： The use of 'were' instead of 'was' after 'I' in conditional sentences is a subjunctive form, which emphasizes that the situation is purely imaginary.
中文： 在假设语气中，主语「I」后面使用「were」而非「was」，这是一种虚拟语气的用法，用以强调该情况纯属想象，并非事实。
If he were here, he would know what to do.
如果他在这里，他就会知道该怎么做。
EN： Water scarcity is a major global challenge. In English-speaking countries, discussions about environmental issues and future technologies often use subjunctive structures to brainstorm hypothetical solutions to global crises.
中文： 水資源短缺是全球面臨的主要挑戰之一。在英語系國家中，探討環境議題與未來科技時，經常會使用虛擬語氣（假設語氣）來腦力激盪，提出解決全球危機的假想方案。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used to express a desire for a situation that is different from the current reality. When wishing about a present situation, we use the past simple tense (e.g., 'understood') in the subordinate clause to show that the situation is hypothetical or untrue in the present.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）用于表达与现状相反或难以实现的愿望。当表达对「现在状况」的愿望时，从属从句中须使用「过去一般时」（例如 understood），以表示该情况在目前是假设性或非真实的。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： An indirect question (or noun clause) is used within a larger sentence. Unlike direct questions, indirect questions use statement word order (subject + verb) instead of question word order. Here, 'how the brain works' functions as the object of the verb 'understood'.
中文： 间接问句（或称名词从句）嵌入在一个更大的句子中。与直接问句不同，间接问句必须使用「陈述句语序」（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句语序。在此处，「how the brain works」作为动词「understood」的宾语。
Do you know where she lives?
你知道她住在哪里吗？
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Note that 'were' is used instead of 'was' for all subjects in formal English.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来极不可能发生、虚拟或想象的情境。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 原形动词」。在正式英文中，不论主语为何，be 动词一律使用 'were'。
If I had more time, I would travel around the world.
如果我有更多时间，我就会去环游世界。
EN： The word 'earth' refers to our planet. When used as a proper noun referring to the planet Earth, it is often capitalized ('Earth') and can be used with or without 'the'. When spelled with a lowercase 'e' ('the earth'), it usually takes the definite article 'the' to refer to the world we live on.
中文： 单词 'earth' 指的是我们的星球。当作为专有名词指代地球时，通常会大写（'Earth'），且可加或不加冠词 'the'。当使用小写 'e'（'the earth'）时，通常会加上定冠词 'the'，用来指代我们所居住的世界。
We must protect the earth for future generations.
我们必须为了子孙后代保护地球。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a noun clause to express a desire for a situation that is unlikely or impossible in the present. When expressing a wish about the present or future capability, we use 'could' followed by the base verb.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后接名词从句，用于表达对现在或未来难以实现或不可能实现的愿望。当表达对现在或未来「能力」或「可能性」的愿望时，从句中会使用助动词「could」加上原形动词。
I wish I could speak French fluently.
我希望我能流利地说法语。
EN： The word 'everywhere' is an adverb of place meaning 'in or to all places'. It modifies the verb phrase 'end hunger' to show the scope of the action without needing a preposition like 'in'.
中文： 单词「everywhere」是一个地点副词，意思是「在所有地方」或「到处」。它修饰动词短语「end hunger」，用以表示该动作的影响范围，前方不需要加上如「in」之类的介词。
We want to spread peace everywhere.
我们希望将和平传播到世界各地。
EN： Ending world hunger is a prominent global development goal (such as the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger). Expressing this wish reflects a common modern philanthropic sentiment, emphasizing the role of technology and science in solving humanitarian crises.
中文： 終結世界飢荒是一個重要的全球發展目標（例如聯合國的可持續發展目標 2：零飢餓）。表達這一願望反映了現代常見的人道主義情懷，強調了科技與科學在解決人類危機中所扮演的關鍵角色。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. It shows that the condition is not currently true.
中文： 第二类条件句（与现在事实相反的假设）用于描述在现在或未来不太可能发生、虚拟或想象的情境。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 动词原形」。这表示该假设在目前并非事实。
If we had more time, we would visit the museum.
如果我们有更多时间，我们就会去参观博物馆。
EN： The verb 'fix' is commonly used in informal and semi-formal English to mean 'to repair' or 'to find a solution to a problem'. It is frequently paired with nouns like 'problems', 'issues', or 'bugs'.
中文： 动词「fix」在非正式与半正式英语中非常常用，意思是「修理」或「解决问题」。它经常与「problems（问题）」、「issues（议题）」或「bugs（程序漏洞）」等名词搭配使用。
The technician managed to fix the computer network quickly.
技术人员设法快速解决了电脑网络的问题。
EN： The noun clause introduced by 'how' acts as the direct object of the verb 'imagine'. It follows statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order.
中文： 由「how」引导的名词从句在此作为动词「imagine」的直接宾语。此从句须使用陈述句语序（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句语序。
I want to know how she solved the problem.
我想知道她是如何解决这个问题的。
EN： The causative verb structure 'make + object + adjective' means to cause the object to be in a certain state. Here, 'better' is the comparative adjective describing 'the world'.
中文： 使役动词结构「make + 宾语 + 形容词」表示使宾语处于某种状态。在此处，「better」是形容词比较级，用来修饰宾语「the world」。
Regular exercise can make your body stronger.
规律运动能让你的身体更强壮。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen. Here, 'had' indicates that we currently do not have enough clean water for everyone, but we want that reality to change.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望/但愿）后面接过去式动词（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反、或难以实现的愿望。在此句中，使用「had」表示目前并非地球上每个人都有干净的水，但我们渴望改变这个现状。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
但愿我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for every person' uses 'every' followed by a singular noun ('person') to refer to all members of a group individually, emphasizing that the clean water should reach each single individual.
中文： 介词短语「for every person」中，形容词「every」（每个）后面必须接单数名词（此处为 person），用来个别指涉群体中的所有成员，强调干净的水应该落实到「每一个人」身上。
There is a gift for every child in the classroom.
教室里的每个孩子都有一份礼物。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple (using 'were' for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来不可能发生或极不可能发生的假设情况。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词（不论主语人称，Be 动词一律用 were），主语 + would + 动词原形」。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受那份工作邀请。
EN： The phrasal verb 'search for' means to look for something or someone carefully. It is followed by a noun representing the object of the search.
中文： 短语动词「search for」意为「寻找」或「搜寻」某人或某物，后面接名词作为寻找的对象，通常指仔细、有系统地寻找。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a 'that'-clause containing a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a present situation to be different from reality. The word 'that' is optional.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后接由「that」引导的从句，从句中的动词需使用过去式（虚拟语气），用来表示对现状与事实相反的愿望。其中的「that」常可省略。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： The phrase 'at all' is used at the end of a negative statement to add emphasis, meaning 'in any way' or 'to any degree'.
中文： 短语「at all」常用于否定句的句尾以加强语气，意思是「丝毫、根本、完全（不）」。
He doesn't care about the results at all.
他一点也不在乎结果。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, imaginary, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. It shows that the condition is not currently true.
中文： 第二条件句（与现在事实相反的假设）用于描述在现在或未来不太可能发生、虚拟或想象的情境。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 原形动词」。这表示该假设在目前并非事实。
If I had a car, I would drive to the beach.
如果我有一辆车，我就会开车去海滩。
EN： Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (e.g., 'cleaner', 'more solar power'). For short adjectives, we add '-er' (clean -> cleaner). For longer nouns or concepts, we use 'more' (more solar power).
中文： 比较级形容词用于比较两个修饰对象之间的差异（例如：「更干净」、「更多太阳能」）。单音节或部分双音节的短形容词，词尾加「-er」（如 clean 变成 cleaner）。对于不可数名词或较长概念，则在前面加上「more」（如 more solar power）。
This room is cleaner than the other one.
这间房间比另外一间更干净。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (like 'could' or 'had') to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to fact, or unlikely to happen. This is a form of subjunctive mood.
中文： 动词「wish」后面接过去式动词（如「could」或「had」）时，用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反、或不太可能实现的愿望。这是一种虚拟语气的用法。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is the past form of 'can'. In 'wish' clauses, it is used to express ability or possibility that we currently do not have.
中文： 情态动词「could」是「can」的过去式。在「wish」引导的从句中，它用来表示目前所不具备的能力或可能性。
I wish I could speak Spanish fluently.
我希望我能流利地说西班牙语。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. In this sentence, 'handled' (past simple) and 'would be hurt' (would + passive base verb) are used to describe an imaginary scenario.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来不太可能发生、或纯属虚拟的情境。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 动词原形」。在本句中，使用 'handled'（过去式）与 'would be hurt'（would + 被动语态动词原形）来描述一个虚拟的想象情境。
If we had better technology, we would waste less energy.
如果我们有更好的技术，我们就会减少能源浪费。
EN： The passive voice with 'would be + past participle' is used here ('would be hurt') to focus on the person experiencing the action rather than the cause. 'Hurt' is the past participle form of the verb 'hurt'.
中文： 此处使用被动语态「would be + 过去分词」（would be hurt），将焦点放在承受动作的人（受害者），而非造成伤害的原因。'Hurt' 在此为动词 'hurt' 的过去分词形式。
If the rules were broken, they would be punished.
如果违反规则，他们就会受到惩罚。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a 'that'-clause containing a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is contrary to reality or unlikely to happen.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后面接由「that」引导的从句，从句中的动词需使用过去式（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反、或不太可能实现的愿望。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行（但实际上没有）。
EN： The phrase 'go to waste' is an idiomatic expression meaning to be discarded, unused, or ruined without being consumed or utilized.
中文： 短语「go to waste」是一个惯用语，意思是「被浪费」、「白白浪费」或「未被充分利用就被丢弃」。
Don't let that good food go to waste.
别让那些好食物白白浪费了。
EN： Food waste is a major global issue, and expressing a wish to reduce it reflects a growing modern consciousness regarding sustainability, environmental protection, and ethical consumption.
中文： 食物浪費是一個重大的全球性議題。表達減少食物浪費的願望，反映了現代人對於永續發展、環境保護以及道德消費意識的日益增強。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）：用于描述在现在或未来想象的、不太可能发生或不可能发生的情况。结构为“If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 动词原形”。
If we lived closer to the ocean, we would swim every day.
如果我们住得离海洋近一点，我们每天都会去游泳。
EN： Adverb Comparison (Faster): The comparative form of the adverb 'fast'. For short adverbs, we add '-er' to compare how actions are performed.
中文： 副词比较级（Faster）：副词「fast（快）」的比较级形式。对于单音节的短副词，我们在词尾加上「-er」来比较动作进行时的程度或速度差异。
With the new software, the computer runs faster.
有了这个新软件，电脑运行得更快了。
EN： The verb 'push' is used in the pattern 'push someone to do something', which means to strongly encourage, motivate, or force someone to take a specific action. Here, 'to study' is the infinitive verb following the object 'me'.
中文： 动词「push」在此处用于「push someone to do something」（督促/促使某人做某事）的句型，表示强烈鼓励、激励或迫使某人采取特定行动。在这里，「to study」是接在宾格「me」后面的不定式动词。
My parents always push me to try new things.
我的父母总是督促我尝试新事物。
EN： The word 'harder' is the comparative form of the adverb 'hard'. It modifies the verb 'study', indicating a greater degree of effort than before.
中文： 单词「harder」是副词「hard」（努力地）的比较级。它用来修饰动词「study」，表示比以前付出更大程度的努力。
If you practice harder, you will win the game.
如果你更努力练习，你就会赢得比赛。
EN： First Conditional (Real Conditional): Used to talk about things that are real or possible in the present or future. The structure is 'If + present simple, ... will/might/can + verb'. Here, 'might' is used instead of 'will' to express a lower degree of certainty or possibility.
中文： 第一类条件句（真实条件句）：用于描述在现在或未来有可能发生或实现的真实情况。其结构为「If + 现在一般时，... will/might/can + 原形动词」。在此句中，使用「might」代替「will」以表示较低的可能性或不确定性。
If it rains tomorrow, we might cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我们可能会取消野餐。
EN： Keep + Gerund (V-ing): The verb 'keep' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express the continuation of an action, meaning 'to continue doing something'.
中文： Keep + 动名词 (V-ing)：动词「keep」后面接动名词（V-ing），用来表示持续进行某个动作，意为「持续做某事」。
She kept working on the project until midnight.
她持续做这个项目直到半夜。
EN： The phrase 'after all' is a parenthetical adverbial phrase used to introduce a strong argument, explanation, or reminder of a basic truth. It is often set off by commas when placed in the middle of a sentence.
中文： 「after all」（毕竟）是一个插入语副词短语，用于引入强有力的论点、解释或提醒某个基本事实。当置于句子中间时，通常会用逗号隔开。
The exam was difficult, but she passed, after all.
考试很难，但她毕竟还是通过了。
EN： The preposition 'toward' (or 'towards') is used to indicate direction or movement in the direction of something, both physically and metaphorically (e.g., progress toward a goal).
中文： 介词「toward」（朝向/迈向）用于表示朝某个方向的物理移动或抽象概念上的进展（例如：朝着目标迈进）。
We are making progress toward a solution.
我们正朝着解决方案迈进。
EN： The phrasal verb 'wish for' is used to express a desire for something that is not easily obtained or is imaginary. In questions, the preposition 'for' remains at the end of the clause when 'what' is used as the interrogative pronoun.
中文： 短语动词「wish for」用于表达对不易获得或虚拟事物的渴望。在疑问句中，当使用疑问代词「what」时，介词「for」通常保留在从句的末尾。
What did you wish for on your birthday?
你生日时许了什么愿望？
EN： Direct address comma: When addressing someone directly by name (in this case, 'Emma'), a comma must separate the name from the rest of the sentence to clarify who is being spoken to.
中文： 直接呼语逗号：当直接称呼某人的名字（在此为「艾玛」）时，必须使用逗号将名字与句子的其余部分隔开，以明确指出说话的对象。
How are you feeling today, John?
你今天感觉怎么样，约翰？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, asking someone what they 'wish for' is a common, friendly way to prompt them to share their dreams, hopes, or goals, often used in casual conversations or when discussing hypothetical scenarios.
中文： 在英語系國家中，詢問某人「wish for」（許了什麼願望/期望什麼）是一種常見且友善的方式，用來引導對方分享他們的夢想、希望或目標，常用於日常閒聊或討論假設性話題時。
EN： The verb 'wish' followed by a clause in the past tense (subjunctive mood) is used to express a desire for a situation in the present or future that is currently unreal, unlikely, or impossible. Here, 'could' (past of 'can') is used to express a desired ability or possibility.
中文： 动词「wish」后面接过去式从句（虚拟语气），用于表达对现在或未来目前无法实现、不太可能或不可能发生的情况的愿望。在这里，使用「could」（「can」的过去式）来表示渴望拥有的能力或可能性。
I wish I could speak Spanish fluently.
我希望我能流利地说西班牙语。
EN： Adverbs of manner, such as 'quickly', describe how an action is performed. They are typically placed after the verb or after the object of the verb (e.g., 'clean the oceans quickly').
中文： 方式副词（如「quickly」）用来描述动作如何进行。它们通常放在动词之后，或是动词的宾语之后（例如「clean the oceans quickly」）。
She finished her homework quickly.
她很快地完成了她的功课。
EN： Environmental protection, especially ocean conservation, is a global topic of high interest. Using 'wish' in this context reflects a common modern sentiment of wanting to solve ecological crises but feeling limited by current capabilities, which is why the subjunctive 'could' is used.
中文： 環境保護（特別是海洋保育）是全球高度關注的話題。在這種語境下使用「wish」反映了現代人普遍的一種心境：渴望解決生態危機，卻又深感目前能力的局限，因此使用了虛擬語氣的「could」。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or imaginary situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple (using 'were' for all subjects), subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设语气（第二类条件句）用于描述在现在或未来不可能发生或纯属想象的情况。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去式动词（不论主语为何，Be 动词一律用 were），主语 + would + 原形动词」。
If I were you, I would accept the job offer.
如果我是你，我就会接受这份工作邀请。
EN： The adjective 'green' is commonly used in modern English as a modifier meaning 'environmentally friendly' or 'sustainable', rather than just referring to the color.
中文： 形容词「green」在现代英语中常用作修饰语，意思是「环保的」或「可持续的」，而不仅仅是指颜色。
EN： In modern Western societies, environmental sustainability and 'green' initiatives are highly valued. The concept of 'green homes' refers to eco-friendly housing designed to reduce carbon footprints, which is a popular topic in discussions about future technology and urban planning.
中文： 在現代西方社會中，環境永續與「綠色環保」倡議受到高度重視。「green homes」（環保房屋）的概念是指旨在減少碳足跡的生態友善住宅，這是關於未來科技和都市規劃討論中的熱門話題。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used with a past tense verb (subjunctive mood) to express a desire for a situation in the present or future to be different from reality. In this structure, 'were' is preferred over 'was' for all subjects, including singular nouns like 'electric cars' (treated as plural here, but even with singular 'an electric car', 'were' is used in formal English).
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后面接过去式动词（虚拟语气），用来表示对现在或未来与事实相反的愿望。在此结构中，不论主语是单数还是复数，在正式英文中通常都使用「were」而非「was」。
I wish I were taller.
我希望我能长得更高一些。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate the person or group affected by the adjective 'cheaper', meaning 'in the opinion of' or 'affecting' everyone.
中文： 介词「for」在此处用于指出受形容词「cheaper」（更便宜的）影响的对象或群体，意思是「对每个人而言」或「影响到每个人」。
This book is too difficult for beginners.
这本书对初学者来说太难了。
EN： Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key solution to climate change, but their high initial cost remains a barrier for many consumers worldwide. This sentence reflects a common global sentiment wishing for green technology to be more economically accessible.
中文： 電動車（EV）越來越被視為應對氣候變遷的關鍵解決方案，但其高昂的初始成本仍是全球許多消費者的門檻。這句話反映了全球普遍的心聲，即希望綠色科技在經濟上能更普及、更平易近人。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to talk about imagined, impossible, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'.
中文： 与现在事实相反的假设（第二类条件句）：用于描述在现在或未来想象中、不可能或极不可能发生的情况。结构为「If + 主语 + 过去式动词，主语 + would + 原形动词」。
If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.
如果我有一百万美元，我就会去环游世界。
EN： Personification: Giving human qualities (like 'thanking' someone) to non-human entities (like 'the planet') to make the language more vivid and expressive.
中文： 拟人化修辞：将人类的特质（例如「感谢」某人）赋予非生物（例如「地球」），使语言更加生动且富有表现力。
The wind whispered through the trees.
微风在树林间低语。
EN： In modern environmental discourse, personifying the Earth (e.g., 'the planet would thank us' or 'Mother Nature') is a common rhetorical device used to foster empathy and a sense of responsibility toward environmental conservation.
中文： 在現代環保論述中，將地球擬人化（例如「地球將會感謝我們」或「大自然母親」）是一種常見的修辭手法，旨在激發人們對環境保護的共情與責任感。
EN： The verb 'wish' is followed by a clause in the simple past tense (e.g., 'knew') to express a desire for a present situation to be different from what it actually is. This is a type of subjunctive mood used for hypothetical or unreal present situations.
中文： 动词「wish」（希望）后面接的从句若使用一般过去时（例如「knew」），用来表示对现状的假设或与现在事实相反的愿望。这是一种用来表达目前不可能或未实现状况的虚拟语气。
I wish I had more free time to travel.
我希望我有更多空闲时间去旅行。
EN： The structure 'how + to-infinitive' (e.g., 'how to code') functions as a noun phrase, often serving as the direct object of verbs like 'know', 'learn', or 'show'. It expresses the method or manner of doing something.
中文： 「how + 不定式」（例如「how to code」）结构在句中作为名词短语，常用作「know」（知道）、「learn」（学习）或「show」（展示）等动词的直接宾语，用来表示做某事的方法或方式。
She learned how to play the piano at a young age.
她从小就学会了如何弹钢琴。
EN： Second Conditional (Hypothetical Present/Future): Used to talk about imaginary, unlikely, or impossible situations in the present or future. The structure is 'If + past simple, would/might/could + verb'. Here, 'taught' (past simple) and 'might be' (modal + verb) are used because robots teaching us is a hypothetical scenario.
中文： 第二类条件句（与现在/未来事实相反的假设）：用于描述在现在或未来想象、不太可能发生或不可能发生的情况。结构为「If + 过去一般时动词，would/might/could + 原形动词」。在此句中，使用 'taught'（过去式）与 'might be'（助动词 + 原形动词），因为「机器人教导我们」是一个虚拟的假设情境。
If I had a spaceship, I would travel to Mars.
如果我有一艘宇宙飞船，我就会去火星旅行。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) acts as a noun and can function as the subject of a sentence. In this sentence, 'learning' is the gerund acting as the subject of the main clause.
中文： 动名词当主语：动名词（动词 + -ing）具有名词的性质，可以作为句子的主语。在本句中，'learning' 是动名词，作为主句的主语。
Swimming is great exercise for everyone.
游泳对每个人来说都是很好的运动。
EN： The verb 'wish' is used to express a desire for a situation that is different from the current reality. When wishing for something in the present or future that is unlikely or impossible, we use a past-tense verb or 'could' + base verb in the following 'that' clause (the word 'that' is often omitted).
中文： 动词「wish」（希望/但愿）用于表示对现状不满，并渴望一种与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。当表达对「现在」或「未来」无法实现的愿望时，后面引导的从句（that 常省略）须使用过去式动词，或使用「could + 原形动词」。
I wish I could speak French fluently.
但愿我能流利地说法语。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is the past form of 'can'. In the context of 'wish', it is used to express hypothetical ability or possibility in the present or future.
中文： 情态动词「could」是「can」的过去式。在「wish」引导的愿望从句中，它用来表示在现在或未来假设性的能力或可能性（实际上目前做不到）。
I wish we could travel to Japan this winter.
我希望我们今年冬天能去日本旅游。
EN： The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or highly unlikely situations in the present or future. The structure is: 'If + subject + past simple verb, subject + would + base verb'. Here, 'had' is the past simple verb (representing an unreal present state), and 'would test' is the hypothetical result.
中文： 第二类条件句（与现在事实相反的假设）用于描述在现在或未来极不可能发生或虚构的情况。其结构为：「If + 主语 + 过去一般时动词，主语 + would + 原形动词」。在此句中，「had」是过去一般时动词（代表目前并非事实的状态），而「would test」则是假设的结果。
If I had a car, I would drive to the beach.
如果我有一台车，我就会开车去海滩。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used here to express a hypothetical action in the future or present, indicating what the speaker intends or desires to do if the condition in the 'if' clause were met.
中文： 助动词「would」在此处用于表达在现在或未来假设发生的动作，表示如果「if」引导的条件句成立，说话者打算或渴望去做的事。
If she won the lottery, she would travel the world.
如果她中乐透，她就会去环游世界。
EN： In scientific and entrepreneurial culture, 'wild ideas' are highly valued. Unlike some traditional settings where failure is discouraged, modern innovation hubs (like Silicon Valley or research labs) encourage thinking outside the box and testing unconventional, seemingly crazy hypotheses to achieve breakthroughs.
中文： 在科學與創業文化中，「wild ideas」（瘋狂、大膽的想法）受到高度重視。與某些不鼓勵失敗的傳統環境不同，現代創新中心（如矽谷或尖端實驗室）非常鼓勵跳脫框架的思考，並測試那些看似瘋狂、不切實際的假設，以求達成突破性的發現。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility, indicating that it is possible for a wish to transform into a discovery in the future.
中文： 情态助动词「can」在此处用于表示「可能性」，指出愿望在未来有可能转化为实际的发现。
Regular practice can lead to great success.
规律的练习可以带来巨大的成功。
EN： Nouns like 'today' and 'tomorrow' can function as adverbial modifiers of time, describing when the action or state occurs. In this sentence, 'today' modifies 'wish' and 'tomorrow' modifies 'discovery' conceptually, though grammatically they function as temporal modifiers within their respective noun phrases.
中文： 像「today」（今天）和「tomorrow」（明天）这样的名词可以作为时间副词修饰语，用来描述动作或状态发生的时间。在本句中，「today」修饰「wish」，而「tomorrow」在概念上修饰「discovery」。
A decision today shapes your life tomorrow.
今天的决定会塑造你明天的生活。
EN： This sentence reflects a classic Western scientific and philosophical mindset: that imagination and hope ('wish') are the necessary precursors to empirical science and technological advancement ('discovery'). It encourages forward-thinking and optimism.
中文： 這句話反映了西方典型的科學與哲學思維：想像力與希望（wish）是實證科學與科技進步（discovery）的必要前驅。它鼓勵人們保持前瞻性思維與樂觀態度。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 缺乏，不足（尤指水、食物或物资等）
在本文中： 研究人员，调查者
在本文中： 有害的，造成伤害的
在本文中： 进步，发展，前进
在本文中： 发现，被发现的事物
在本文中： 工程师
在本文中： 复杂的，难懂的
在本文中： 枯燥的，无聊的，单调的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Energy that comes from renewable, zero-emission sources that do not pollute the atmosphere.
清洁能源，绿色能源
Power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays.
太阳能
To be wasted, unused, or thrown away without being helpful.
白白浪费，付诸东流
Used to introduce a statement that makes something clear or helps explain a result; in spite of any doubts.
毕竟，终究