EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'who', 'which', etc.) provide extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas. In this sentence, 'who won two Nobel Prizes' adds extra detail about Marie Curie, but the sentence 'Marie Curie inspires me' is still grammatically complete without it.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'who'、'which' 等关系代词)用于对先行词提供额外的、非必要的补充说明。这类从句前后必须使用逗号与主句隔开。在本句中,'who won two Nobel Prizes' 补充说明了玛丽·居里的成就,即使省略,主句 'Marie Curie inspires me' 在语法上依然完整。
My father, who loves cooking, made a delicious dinner.
我父亲很喜欢下厨,他今天做了一顿美味的晚餐。
EN: The subject-verb agreement for singular proper nouns. 'Marie Curie' is a singular proper noun, so the present tense verb 'inspire' must take the third-person singular ending '-s', becoming 'inspires'.
中文: 单数专有名词的主谓一致。'Marie Curie'(玛丽·居里)是单数专有名词,因此一般现在时动词 'inspire' 必须加上第三人称单数后缀 '-s',写成 'inspires'。
EN: Marie Curie is a legendary figure in science, being the first person and only woman to win two Nobel Prizes (in Physics and Chemistry). Her legacy is a frequent topic in academic and inspirational contexts in English-speaking countries.
中文: 瑪麗·居禮(Marie Curie)是科學界的傳奇人物,她是史上第一位、也是唯一一位獲得兩次諾貝爾獎(物理學獎與化學獎)的女性。在英語系國家的學術與勵志教材中,她的生平事蹟經常被用作典範。
EN: The structure 'preposition + relative pronoun' (in which) is used in formal English to introduce a relative clause. 'In which' functions as an adverbial of place, equivalent to 'where', indicating the location where the action took place.
中文: 「介词 + 关系代词」(in which)的结构常用于正式英语中,用来引导关系从句。这里的「in which」相当于关系副词「where」,用来表示动作发生的地点(在那个实验室里)。
This is the house in which I grew up.
这就是我长大的房子。
EN: The collocation 'make discoveries' means to find or find out about something for the first time. 'Make' is the light verb used here with the plural noun 'discoveries'.
中文: 动词搭配「make discoveries」意为「做出发现、探索出新事物」。这里使用轻动词「make」与复数名词「discoveries」搭配,表示进行发现的动作。
Scientists hope to make new discoveries about Mars.
科学家们希望对火星能有新的发现。
EN: In written or formal spoken English, using 'preposition + which' (like 'in which', 'with whom') is highly preferred over ending a sentence with a dangling preposition (e.g., 'the lab she made discoveries in'). It conveys a professional and academic tone, which is very fitting when discussing scientific achievements like those of Marie Curie.
中文: 在書面或正式口語英文中,使用「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」(如 in which, with whom)比將介系詞留在句尾(例如 the lab she made discoveries in)更受青睞。這種用法能傳達出專業且學術的語氣,非常適合用於討論如瑪麗·居禮等科學成就的脈絡。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'her', 'his', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'whose work' means 'her daughter's work'.
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格关系。它取代了所有格形容词(如 her、his、their),并引导一个关系从句来修饰前面的先行词。在本句中,「whose work」代表「她女儿的作品」。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我遇到了一位其著作非常受欢迎的作家。
EN: The adverb 'also' is used to add extra information, meaning 'in addition' or 'too'. It typically occupies the mid-position in a sentence, which is after auxiliary/modal verbs (like 'won' in its past form, or here placed before the main verb 'won' as there is no auxiliary).
中文: 副词「also」用于添加额外信息,意为「而且」或「也」。它通常位于句子中间,即助动词或情态动词之后;若无助动词,则置于实义动词(如本句中的 won)之前。
He plays the piano and also sings beautifully.
他会弹钢琴,而且歌声也很好听。
EN: This sentence refers to Irène Joliot-Curie, the daughter of Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. It highlights a remarkable family legacy of scientific achievement, which is highly celebrated in scientific history.
中文: 這句話指的是瑪麗·居禮的女兒伊雷娜·約里奧-居禮(Irène Joliot-Curie),她於 1935 年榮獲諾貝爾化學獎。這段話強調了科學史上備受讚譽、令人矚目的家族學術傳承。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-restrictive relative clauses) are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The relative pronoun 'which' is used for things, and it cannot be replaced by 'that' in non-defining clauses.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(又称非限制性关系从句)用于对先行词(名词)进行补充说明,提供非必要的额外信息。这类从句前后必须使用逗号与主句隔开。关系代词 'which' 用于指代事物,在此类从句中不能用 'that' 代替。
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
这本书(也就是我昨天买的那本)非常有趣。
EN: The verb 'is' serves as the main linking verb connecting the subject 'The element' to its subject complement 'radium'. The relative clause 'which she discovered' is embedded within the subject noun phrase but does not change the core subject-verb agreement.
中文: 动词 'is' 在此作为主要系动词,将主语 'The element'(元素)与主语补语 'radium'(镭)连接起来。关系从句 'which she discovered' 虽然嵌入在主语名词短语中,但并不影响核心的主谓一致。
EN: This sentence refers to the scientific achievements of Marie Curie, who discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium. Radium's discovery revolutionized physics and medicine, though its radioactive nature posed extreme health risks to early researchers.
中文: 本句指的是瑪麗·居禮的科學成就,她發現了放射性元素釙和鐳。鐳的發現徹底改變了物理學和醫學界,儘管其放射性對早期的研究人員帶來了極大的健康風險。
EN: The structure 'preposition + whom' is used in formal English to introduce a relative clause. The preposition (here, 'with') is placed before the relative pronoun 'whom' (which refers to a person as the object of the preposition). In informal English, the preposition is usually placed at the end of the clause (e.g., 'the engineer whom I want to study with').
中文: 「介词 + whom」的结构常用于正式英语中,用来引导关系从句。介词(此处为 with)会置于关系代词 whom(指代作为介词宾语的人)之前。在非正式的口语中,介词通常会放在从句的末尾(例如:the engineer whom I want to study with)。
She is the mentor with whom I shared my research.
她就是我与之分享研究成果的那位导师。
EN: The infinitive 'to study' is used as the direct object of the verb 'want', expressing a desire or intention to perform an action.
中文: 不定式「to study」在此作为动词「want」的直接宾语,用来表示想要进行某动作的愿望或意图。
They want to design a new system.
他们想要设计一个新系统。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses with 'whose' are used to add extra, non-essential information about a person's possessions or creations. 'Whose' functions as a possessive relative pronoun (meaning 'his', 'her', or 'their') and is placed between commas in writing.
中文: 非限定性修饰关系从句中使用「whose」来对某人的所有物或创作添加额外的、非必要的补充说明。「whose」作为所有格关系代词(相当于「他的」、「她的」或「他们的」),在书写时通常置于两个逗号之间。
Marie Curie, whose research changed medicine, was a pioneer.
玛丽·居里,她的研究改变了医学,是一位先驱。
EN: The simple past tense ('shaped', 'was') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past, especially when referring to historical figures and their contributions.
中文: 一般过去时(如「shaped」、「was」)用于描述过去已完成的动作或状态,特别是在提及历史人物及其贡献时。
EN: Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor and engineer known for his revolutionary contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Describing him as 'bold' highlights his visionary and often unconventional ideas that were ahead of his time.
中文: 尼古拉·特斯拉(Nikola Tesla)是一位塞爾維亞裔美籍發明家與工程師,以其對現代交流電(AC)電力系統設計的革命性貢獻而聞名。用「bold」(大膽的)來形容他,突顯了他超越時代的遠見以及常常不落俗套的創新想法。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. If removed, the sentence still makes complete sense.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'which')用于对名词进行补充说明,提供非必要的额外信息。这类从句前后需使用逗号隔开。若将其省略,主句的意思依然完整且明确。
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
那本书(我昨天买的)非常有趣。
EN: The past simple tense is used here ('changed') to describe an action that was completed in the past and has a permanent historical impact.
中文: 此处使用一般过去时('changed')来描述一个在过去已经完成、且对历史产生深远影响的动作或状态。
The invention of the steam engine changed the world.
蒸汽机的发明改变了世界。
EN: This sentence refers to the Industrial Revolution, where the invention and refinement of the steam engine transformed manual labor into machine-based manufacturing, reshaping global society and economy.
中文: 這句話暗指「工業革命」。蒸汽機的發明與改良將人力勞動轉化為機器製造,徹底重塑了全球的社會與經濟結構。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'her', 'his', 'their') and connects two clauses. In this sentence, 'whose courage' means 'her courage' (the scientist's courage).
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格(...的)。它取代了所有格形容词(如 her、his、their),并用来连接两个从句。在本句中,「whose courage」表示「她的勇气」(即该科学家的勇气)。
He is a writer whose books are very popular.
他是一位其著作非常受欢迎的作家。
EN: In relative clauses starting with 'whose' + noun, the noun (courage) can function as the object of the verb (admire) in the relative clause. The word order is 'whose + noun + subject + verb' (whose courage we admire).
中文: 在以「whose + 名词」引导的关系从句中,该名词(courage)可以作为关系从句中动词(admire)的宾语。其语序为「whose + 名词 + 主语 + 动词」(whose courage we admire)。
This is the artist whose paintings I love.
这就是那位我非常喜爱其画作的艺术家。
EN: The structure 'preposition + relative pronoun' (in this case, 'with which') is used in formal English to introduce a relative clause. 'Which' refers back to the noun 'the tool', and 'with' is the preposition that logically connects to the verb 'measure' (to measure with a tool).
中文: 「介词 + 关系代词」(在此为 'with which')常用于正式英语中以引导关系从句。'Which' 指代先行词 'the tool'(工具),而介词 'with' 在逻辑上与动词 'measure' 连接(用某工具来测量)。
This is the pen with which he wrote the novel.
这就是他用来写小说的那支笔。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used instead of 'who' or 'whom' because its antecedent ('the tool') is an inanimate object, not a person.
中文: 关系代词使用 'which' 而非 'who' 或 'whom',是因为其先行词('the tool')是无生命的事物,而非人类。
The house in which they live is very old.
他们住的那栋房子非常老旧。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-restrictive relative clauses) are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The relative pronoun 'who' is used for people and cannot be replaced by 'that' in non-defining clauses.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(又称非限制性关系从句)用于对先行词(名词)补充额外、非必要的说明。这类从句前后必须使用逗号与主句隔开。引导人的关系代词使用 'who',且在非限定性从句中不能用 'that' 代替。
My father, who is 60 years old, still runs every morning.
我父亲今年六十岁了,每天早上依然坚持跑步。
EN: The past simple tense ('guided', 'was') is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. In this sentence, both the act of guiding and the state of being kind refer to a specific, completed time in the past.
中文: 一般过去时(如 'guided'、'was')用于描述过去已经完成的动作或状态。在本句中,不论是「指导」的动作还是「仁慈」的状态,皆指过去特定且已结束的时间点。
The teacher, who helped me with my homework, was very patient.
那位辅导我写作业的老师非常耐心。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') provide extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas. If removed, the sentence still makes complete sense.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'which')用于对先行词(名词)提供额外、非必要的补充说明。这种从句前后必须使用逗号与主句隔开。即使将其省略,主句的意思依然完整。
The movie, which I watched yesterday, was very exciting.
那部电影(我昨天看的那部)非常刺激。
EN: The adverb 'just' is commonly used with the simple past tense (or present perfect) to indicate that an action was completed a very short time ago.
中文: 副词 'just'(刚刚)常用于一般过去时(或现在完成时),表示某个动作在极短的时间之前刚刚完成。
I just received your email.
我刚刚收到你的电子邮件。
EN: Preposition + Relative Pronoun (whom): In formal English, when a relative pronoun is the object of a preposition (like 'rely on'), the preposition is placed directly before 'whom'. 'Whom' is used instead of 'who' because it acts as the object of the preposition.
中文: 介词 + 关系代词 (whom):在正式英语中,当关系代词是介词的宾语(例如 'rely on' 的宾语)时,介词会直接置于 'whom' 之前。此处使用 'whom' 而非 'who',是因为它在关系从句中担任介词的宾语。
She is the colleague with whom I worked on the project.
她就是与我一同合作该项目的那个同事。
EN: Phrasal Verb 'rely on': This verb means to depend on or trust someone or something. In relative clauses, the preposition 'on' can move to the front of the relative pronoun 'whom'.
中文: 短语动词 'rely on'(信赖/依靠):此动词表示依赖或信任某人或某事。在关系从句中,介词 'on' 可以移至关系代词 'whom' 的前面。
We need a leader on whom we can rely during difficult times.
我们需要一位在艰难时期能够让我们信赖的领导者。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whom' is used as the object of the verb 'admire' in the relative clause. In formal English, 'whom' is preferred over 'who' when it functions as an object, although 'who' or omitting the pronoun is common in casual speech.
中文: 关系代词「whom」在关系从句中担任动词「admire」的宾格。在正式英语中,当关系代词作宾格时,较倾向于使用「whom」而非「who」,但在日常口语中,常用「who」代替或直接省略。
The teacher whom I met yesterday was very helpful.
我昨天遇到的那位老师非常有帮助。
EN: The infinitive 'to share' is used as the direct object of the verb 'want', expressing a desire or intention to perform an action.
中文: 不定式「to share」在此作为动词「want」的直接宾语,用以表达想要进行某动作的意愿或意图。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'her', 'his', 'their') and connects a relative clause to a noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'whose curiosity' means 'her curiosity'.
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格关系。它取代了所有格形容词(如「her」、「his」、「their」),并将关系从句连接到先行词(名词)。在本句中,「whose curiosity」意为「她的好奇心」。
He is a writer whose books are read worldwide.
他是一位作品畅销全球的作家。
EN: The past simple tense is used here ('was', 'faded') to describe a completed state and action in the past, referring to the researcher's life and her enduring curiosity during her lifetime.
中文: 此处使用一般过去时(「was」、「faded」)来描述过去已完成的状态与动作,指的是该研究员的一生以及她过去终其一生从未消逝的好奇心。
She was a teacher whose lessons inspired many students.
她曾是一位教学启发了许多学生的老师。
EN: The relative adverb 'when' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of time (the antecedent), which in this case is 'a time'. It functions as an adverbial of time within the clause.
中文: 关系副词「when」用于引导形容词从句(关系从句),修饰表示时间的名词(先行词),在此句中为「a time」。它在从句中充当时间副词的角色。
I remember the day when we first met.
我记得我们第一次见面的那天。
EN: The word 'few' is a quantifier used with plural countable nouns (like 'women') to indicate a very small number, carrying a negative connotation meaning 'not many' or 'almost none'. It is different from 'a few', which has a positive connotation meaning 'some'.
中文: 单词「few」是与复数可数名词(如「women」)连用的数量词,表示数量极少,带有否定的意味,意为「不多」或「几乎没有」。这与带有肯定意味(意为「一些」)的「a few」不同。
Few people attended the lecture because of the heavy rain.
因为下大雨,几乎没有人出席那场讲座。
EN: This sentence reflects the historical context of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (the era of Marie Curie), when women faced severe systemic barriers in higher education and scientific research. Many universities did not admit female students, and those who did often denied them official degrees or academic positions.
中文: 這句話反映了19世紀末至20世紀初(瑪麗·居禮的時代)的歷史背景。當時女性在高等教育和科學研究領域面臨嚴重的系統性障礙。許多大學不招收女學生,而那些招收女學生的學校也往往拒絕授予她們正式學位或學術職位。
EN: The prepositional relative clause structure 'preposition + which' is used in formal English to connect a relative clause. Here, 'in which' is equivalent to 'where', modifying the noun 'university'.
中文: 介词加关系代词(preposition + which)的结构常用于正式英语中。在此处,「in which」相当于关系副词「where」,用来修饰先行词「university」(大学)。
This is the room in which the meeting was held.
这是举行会议的那间房间。
EN: The word 'little' is used as a determiner with uncountable nouns (like 'support') to mean 'almost none' or 'not enough'. It has a negative connotation, unlike 'a little' which means 'some'.
中文: 单词「little」用作限定词,修饰不可数名词(如「support」),表示「几乎没有」或「不足够」,带有否定意味。这与表示「有一些」的「a little」不同。
He had little hope of passing the exam.
他对通过考试几乎不抱希望。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'Despite this' is used as a transition to introduce a contrast, meaning 'in spite of' or 'regardless of' what was previously mentioned. It is followed by a comma when starting a sentence.
中文: 介词短语「Despite this」(尽管如此)用作转折语,用来引出与前文相反或对比的情况,意为「不管/不顾」先前提到过的事。置于句首时,后面通常会上逗号。
Despite this, she continued her research with great passion.
尽管如此,她依然怀着极大的热情继续她的研究。
EN: The relative clause 'that changed the world' uses the relative pronoun 'that' as the subject of the clause to modify the noun 'discoveries' (the antecedent).
中文: 关系从句「that changed the world」使用关系代词「that」作为该从句的主语,用来修饰先行词(名词)「discoveries」(发现)。
He wrote a book that inspired millions of people.
他写了一本启发了数百万人的书。
EN: Defining Relative Clauses with 'which': A defining relative clause identifies exactly which thing or person we are talking about. 'Which' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to things or animals. In this sentence, 'which she found' defines the specific 'element' being referred to.
中文: 限定性关系从句与 'which':限定性关系从句用于明确指出我们所讨论的人或事物。'Which' 作为关系代词,用来指代事物或动物。在本句中,'which she found'(她发现的)限定了所指的特定「元素」(element)。
The book which you lent me was fascinating.
你借给我的那本书非常引人入胜。
EN: Present Simple Passive Voice: The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are + past participle'. Here, 'is still used' emphasizes the ongoing application of the element.
中文: 一般现在时的被动语态:当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者,而非执行者时,会使用被动语态。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词」。在此处,「is still used」(至今仍被使用)强调了该元素持续不断的应用。
English is spoken all over the world.
英语在全世界都被广泛使用。
EN: This sentence refers to the discovery of radium by Marie Curie. Radium's intense radioactivity made it useful in early cancer treatments (brachytherapy) in hospitals, highlighting the direct link between her scientific research and practical medical applications that saved lives.
中文: 本句指的是瑪麗·居禮發現鐳元素的歷史。鐳的強放射性使其在早期醫院的癌症治療(近接放射治療)中得到應用,突顯了她的科學研究與挽救生命的實際醫學應用之間的直接聯繫。
EN: The sentence uses a non-defining relative clause introduced by a preposition + relative pronoun ('to whom'). In formal English, when a relative pronoun is the object of a preposition (give care to someone), the preposition is placed before 'whom'. The non-defining clause is set off by commas and adds extra information about the subject 'Her students'.
中文: 本句使用了由「介词 + 关系代词(to whom)」引导的非限制性关系从句。在正式英语中,当关系代词是介词的宾语时(如 give care to someone),介词会置于 'whom' 之前。此非限制性从句由逗号隔开,用以对主语「Her students」提供额外的补充说明。
The mentor, with whom I shared my goals, offered great advice.
那位导师——我曾与他分享我的目标——提供了极佳的建议。
EN: The adverb 'too' is used at the end of the sentence to mean 'also' or 'as well'. It is typically preceded by a comma in writing to create a pause, emphasizing that the subject shares the same characteristic or action as others mentioned previously.
中文: 副词「too」用于句尾,表示「也」或「同样」。在书写时,通常会在前面加上逗号以示停顿,用以强调主语与前文提到的人事物一样,具有相同的特征或行为。
They wanted to join the research team too.
他们也想加入那个研究团队。
EN: The structure 'preposition + whom' is used in formal English to introduce a relative clause modifying a person. 'Whom' acts as the object of the preposition (here, 'with'), which is placed directly before it rather than at the end of the clause.
中文: 「介词 + whom」的结构用于正式英语中,用来引导修饰人的关系从句。在此结构中,'whom' 作为介词(此处为 'with')的宾格,且该介词会直接置于 'whom' 之前,而非置于从句末尾。
He is the mentor with whom I discussed my career plans.
他就是我与之讨论职业规划的那位导师。
EN: The determiner 'every' is used before a singular countable noun ('success') to refer to all members of a group or all instances of an event, emphasizing each one individually.
中文: 限定词 'every' 用于单数可数名词(如 'success')之前,用来指代群体中的所有成员或事件的所有实例,并强调其中的每一个个体。
She remembered every detail of their conversation.
她记住了他们对话的每一个细节。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas, and the relative pronoun 'which' cannot be replaced by 'that'.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'which')用于对先行词(名词)进行补充说明,该信息并非识别该名词所必需。此类从句前后须加上逗号,且关系代词 'which' 在此不能用 'that' 代替。
The book, which she wrote in 2020, became a bestseller.
这本书(她于2020年撰写)成为了畅销书。
EN: The idiom 'make history' (past tense: 'made history') means to do something important that will be recorded and remembered in history.
中文: 短语 'make history'(过去式为 'made history')意为「创造历史」或「载入史册」,指做出了会被历史记载并铭记的重大贡献或成就。
The team made history by winning the championship for the first time.
该队伍首次夺得冠军,创造了历史。
EN: This sentence refers to Marie Curie, who remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911). The phrase 'made history' perfectly captures the monumental nature of her achievements.
中文: 此句子指的是瑪麗·居禮,她至今仍是唯一一位在兩個不同科學領域(1903年物理學獎與1911年化學獎)獲得諾貝爾獎的人。片語 'made history'(創造歷史)完美地描繪了她這項不朽成就的偉大性質。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'their' in 'their dreams') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it ('People').
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格(...的)。它取代了所有格形容词(例如「their dreams」中的「their」),并引导一个关系从句来修饰先行词(在此句中为「People」)。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我认识了一位书很受欢迎的作家。
EN: The linking verb 'seem' is used to describe how something appears. It is followed by an adjective (like 'impossible') to function as a subject complement.
中文: 系动词「seem」(似乎、看似)用于描述事物呈现的状态。其后常接形容词(如「impossible」)作为主语补语。
The task seemed difficult at first.
这项任务起初看似很困难。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas, and 'that' cannot be used as a replacement.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'which')用于对先行词进行补充说明,提供非必要的额外信息。这类从句前后须加上逗号与主句隔开,且不能用 'that' 代替 'which'。
His book, which became a bestseller, took five years to write.
他的那本书写了五年才完成,后来成为了畅销书。
EN: The adverb 'still' is used to emphasize that an action or situation continues to exist or happen, especially when this might be surprising. It is typically placed before the main verb.
中文: 副词 'still'(仍然、依旧)用于强调某个动作或状态持续存在,特别是在令人惊讶的情况下。通常置于实义动词之前。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'whose work' means 'the work of that person'.
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格(所有关系)。它取代了所有格形容词(如 his、her、their),并引导一个关系从句来修饰前面的名词(先行词)。在本句中,「whose work」表示「那个人的工作」。
I want to support a charity whose mission is to protect animals.
我想支持一个宗旨是保护动物的慈善机构。
EN: The verb 'hope' is followed by an infinitive ('to' + base verb) when expressing a desire or plan for the future. 'Hope to become' indicates a future aspiration.
中文: 动词「hope」(希望)后面接不定式(to + 动词原形),用来表达对未来的愿望或计划。「hope to become」表示未来的抱负或志向。
She hopes to study medicine in college.
她希望在大学里学习医学。
EN: This sentence contains a relative clause (adjective clause) 'you admire' modifying the noun 'innovator'. The relative pronoun 'whom' or 'that' is omitted because it functions as the direct object of the verb 'admire' in the relative clause.
中文: 本句包含一个关系从句(形容词从句)「you admire」,用来修饰名词「innovator」(创新者)。因为关系代词在从句中担任动词「admire」的直接宾语,所以在日常英语中通常会被省略(省略了 whom 或 that)。
The teacher you met yesterday is my uncle.
你昨天见到的那位老师是我叔叔。
EN: Direct address in English: When addressing someone directly by name (in this case, 'Emma'), a comma must separate the name from the rest of the sentence, usually placed at the end of the question.
中文: 英语中的直接称呼:当在句子中直接称呼某人的名字(在此为「艾玛」)时,必须用逗号将名字与句子的其他部分隔开,通常置于问句的句尾。
Where are you going, John?
约翰,你要去哪里?
EN: In English-speaking professional and academic contexts, asking about role models or 'innovators' one admires is a common icebreaker or interview question. It helps to understand a person's values, interests, and professional aspirations.
中文: 在英語系的專業與學術背景中,詢問對方所欽佩的榜樣或「創新者」是一個非常常見的破冰話題或面試問題。這有助於了解一個人的價值觀、興趣以及職業抱負。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it. In this sentence, 'whose designs' means 'the designs of the engineer'.
中文: 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格。它取代了所有格形容词(如 his、her、their),并引导一个关系从句来修饰前面的名词。在本句中,「whose designs」意为「该工程师的设计」。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我认识了一位书很畅销的作家。
EN: The subject of the main clause is 'An engineer' (singular), which is modified by the relative clause 'whose designs save energy'. The main verb is 'inspires', which must agree with the singular subject 'An engineer' by adding '-s'.
中文: 主句的主语是单数的「An engineer」(一位工程师),由关系从句「whose designs save energy」所修饰。主要动词为「inspires」,必须与单数主语「An engineer」保持主谓一致,因此加上「-s」。
A teacher who loves children makes a great difference.
一位喜爱孩子的老师能带来很大的改变。
EN: The structure 'preposition + relative pronoun' (in which) is used in formal English to introduce a relative clause. The preposition 'in' belongs to the verb phrase 'work in' (to work in a field), and is placed before the relative pronoun 'which' instead of at the end of the sentence.
中文: 「介词 + 关系代词」(in which)的结构常用于正式英语中以引导关系从句。介词「in」源自于动词短语「work in」(在某领域工作),在此结构中,介词被移至关系代词「which」之前,而非置于句尾。
This is the building in which they conduct the experiments.
这栋大楼就是他们进行实验的地方。
EN: The verb 'hope' is followed by an infinitive ('to' + base verb) to express a desire or plan to perform an action in the future.
中文: 动词「hope」(希望)后面接不定式(to + 动词原形),用来表示渴望或计划在未来进行某个动作。
She hopes to study physics at university.
她希望能主修物理。
EN: In academic and professional contexts, using 'preposition + which' (such as 'in which', 'with whom') is highly preferred as it sounds more elegant and formal than ending a sentence with a preposition (e.g., 'the field I hope to work in').
中文: 在學術與專業領域中,使用「介係詞 + 關係代名詞」(例如 in which、with whom)非常受到青睞,因為這比將介係詞留在句尾的說法(例如 the field I hope to work in)聽起來更優雅且正式。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies a person (in this case, 'the teacher'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'showed'.
中文: 主语关系代词:关系代词「who」用于引导修饰人的关系从句(在此句中为「the teacher」)。在此从句中,「who」担任动词「showed」的主语。
He is the doctor who saved my life.
他就是救了我一命的那位医生。
EN: Double Object Verbs (Dative Alternation): The verb 'show' can take two objects: an indirect object (the person receiving the action, 'me') and a direct object (the thing being shown, 'physics').
中文: 双宾语动词(授与动词):动词「show」可以接两个宾语:间接宾语(接受动作的人「me」)与直接宾语(被展示的事物「physics」)。
She showed us her new painting.
她向我们展示了她的新画作。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas. If removed, the sentence still makes complete grammatical sense.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(使用 'which')用于对先行词(名词)进行补充说明,该信息非必要信息。此从句前后须加上逗号与主句隔开。若将其省略,主句的意思依然完整。
The car, which was painted red, belonged to my uncle.
那辆漆成红色的汽车是我叔叔的。
EN: The phrase 'the elderly' functions as a plural noun meaning 'elderly people' in general. It is formed by 'the' + adjective and always takes a plural verb if used as a subject.
中文: 「the + 形容词」的结构(如 'the elderly')可用来表示某一类特定的人群,在此处意为「老人、长者」,具有复数概念。若作主语时,动词需用复数形式。
The government is building new facilities to support the elderly.
政府正在建设新设施以支持老年人。
EN: The prepositional relative clause structure 'preposition + whom' is used in formal English. 'Whom' is the objective case of 'who', and when it is the object of a preposition (like 'with'), the preposition can be placed directly before 'whom'.
中文: 「介词 + whom」的关系从句结构常用于正式英语中。「whom」是「who」的宾格,当它作为介词(如「with」)的宾语时,该介词可以直接放在「whom」之前。
She is the colleague with whom I shared the office.
她是我与之共用办公室的同事。
EN: The verb 'discuss' is a transitive verb in English and is followed directly by its object (e.g., 'discuss ideas'), without the preposition 'about'.
中文: 动词「discuss」(讨论)在英语中是及物动词,后面直接接宾语(例如「discuss ideas」),不需要加上介词「about」。
We need to discuss the new project tomorrow.
我们明天需要讨论这个新项目。
EN: Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-restrictive relative clauses) are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The relative pronoun 'which' is used to refer to things or concepts.
中文: 非限定性关系从句(又称非限制性关系从句)用于对名词添加额外的、非必要的补充说明。这类从句前后必须使用逗号与主句隔开。关系代词「which」在此用于指代事物或概念。
The book, which was written in 1920, is still popular today.
这本书写于 1920 年,至今仍然很受欢迎。
EN: The adjective 'huge' is used here as a subject complement following the linking verb 'was'. In this context, 'huge' figuratively means extremely important, significant, or monumental, rather than physically large.
中文: 形容词「huge」在此处作为系动词「was」后面的主语补语。在这个语境中,「huge」比喻性地表示极其重要、意义重大或影响深远,而非指物理体积上的巨大。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is a possessive relative pronoun used to show ownership or association. It introduces a relative clause (whose work is quiet) that modifies the noun 'People'. It functions as 'their' within the clause.
中文: 关系代词「whose」是所有格关系代词,用于表示所有关系或关联。它引导一个关系从句(whose work is quiet)来修饰先行词名词「People」,在从句中相当于「their」(他们的)。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我认识了一位书很受欢迎的作家。
EN: The adverb 'still' is used to emphasize that a situation continues to exist, especially when this might be surprising. In this sentence, it highlights that despite their work being quiet, they continue to have a major impact.
中文: 副词「still」(仍然)用于强调某种情况持续存在,特别是在令人惊讶的情况下。在本句中,它强调尽管这些人的工作是默默无闻的,但他们依然对世界产生着重大影响。
He is ninety years old, but he still exercises every day.
他已经九十岁了,但他仍然每天运动。
EN: The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (the antecedent, 'the lab'). It functions as an adverbial of place within the relative clause, meaning 'in/at which'.
中文: 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句(关系从句),用来修饰表示地点的先行词(在此为「the lab」)。它在关系从句中担任地点副词的角色,相当于「in/at which」。
This is the library where I study every weekend.
这就是我每个周末读书的图书馆。
EN: The collocation 'make a breakthrough' means to make an important discovery or development, especially after trying for a long time. 'Breakthrough' acts as a noun here.
中文: 动词搭配「make a breakthrough」意为取得重大突破或发现,特别是经过长期努力之后。「breakthrough」在此作为名词使用。
Scientists hope to make a breakthrough in cancer research.
科学家们希望在癌症研究中取得突破。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is a possessive relative pronoun used to show ownership or association. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that modifies the preceding noun (the antecedent, 'anyone' in this sentence).
中文: 关系代词「whose」是所有格关系代词,用于表示所有关系或关联。它取代了所有格形容词(如 his、her、their),并引导一个关系从句来修饰先行词(在本句中为「anyone」)。
I met a writer whose book became a bestseller.
我认识了一位其著作成为畅销书的作家。
EN: The indefinite pronoun 'anyone' is used here as the direct object of the verb 'admire'. When followed by a relative clause, it refers to any person who meets the description in that clause, functioning similarly to 'any person who'.
中文: 不定代词「anyone」在此处用作动词「admire」的直接宾语。当后面接关系从句时,它指的是符合该从句描述的任何人,功能类似于「任何……的人」。
We welcome anyone who wants to join our team.
我们欢迎任何想要加入我们团队的人。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中: 鼓舞、激励,使人产生灵感或热情
在本文中: 发现,指首次找到或认识到某种事物、现象或真理
在本文中: (化学)元素
在本文中: 工程师
在本文中: 大胆的、勇敢的,敢于冒险的
在本文中: 勇气、胆量
在本文中: 信赖、依靠
在本文中: 好奇心、求知欲
在本文中: 逐渐消失、褪去、减弱
在本文中: 创新者、改革者
在本文中: 年长的、年老的(通常指老人群体,较具礼貌的称呼)
在本文中: 导师、指导者
在本文中: 突破、重大进展
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To find or learn something new, especially through scientific research or exploration.
做出发现、找到新事物
To have a major influence on how society, technology, or the world develops.
塑造我们的世界、对世界产生深远影响
To gradually change from being a child to being an adult.
长大、成长
To do something important that will be recorded and remembered in history.
创造历史、载入史册