EN： Non-restrictive relative clauses with 'whose' are used to provide additional information about a noun (the antecedent) that is already clearly identified. In this sentence, 'whose films...' adds descriptive detail about Andrey Zvyagintsev without being necessary to identify who he is.
中文： 使用 'whose' 的非限定性定语从句，用于为已经明确识别的名词（先行词）提供额外信息。在本句中，「whose films...」增加了关于安德烈·萨金塞夫的描述性细节，但对于识别他是谁并非必要。
The novelist, whose latest book became a bestseller, will give a lecture tomorrow.
那位小说家明天将举行一场讲座，他的最新著作成了畅销书。
EN： The passive voice construction 'have long been regarded as' combines the present perfect tense with the passive voice to describe a long-standing perception or status that continues from the past into the present.
中文： 被动语态结构「have long been regarded as」结合了现在完成时与被动语态，用以描述从过去持续到现在的一种长期存在的认知或地位。
Her contributions have long been regarded as the foundation of modern genetics.
她的贡献长期以来被视为现代遗传学的基础。
EN： The phrase 'is set to' is a formal idiomatic expression meaning 'is scheduled to' or 'is ready to,' often used in news reporting to describe planned future events.
中文： 短语「is set to」是一种正式的惯用语，意为「预计」或「准备好」，常用于新闻报道中描述计划中的未来事件。
The government is set to announce new environmental regulations next month.
政府预计下个月将宣布新的环境法规。
EN： Andrey Zvyagintsev is a pivotal figure in modern cinema, known for using bleak narratives to critique the social and political landscape of contemporary Russia. His mention of 'civic passivity' refers to the perceived indifference of the public towards political shifts, a recurring theme in his award-winning films like 'Leviathan'. Cannes is the world's most prestigious film festival, making a premiere there a significant cultural event.
中文： 安德烈·薩金塞夫是現代電影界的關鍵人物，以利用蒼涼的敘事來批判當代俄羅斯的社會與政治現狀而聞名。文中提到的「公民被動性」是指公眾對政治變遷表現出的冷漠，這是他在《纏繞之蛇》等獲獎電影中反覆出現的主題。坎城影展是世界上最負盛名的電影節，在那裡首映是一項重大的文化盛事。
EN： The past participle phrase 'entitled Minotaur' functions as an adjective modifying 'The film'. It is a reduced relative clause (which is entitled...).
中文： 过去分词短语「entitled Minotaur」作为形容词修饰「The film」。这是一个缩减后的定语从句（原为 which is entitled...）。
The book, entitled 'The Great Gatsby', is a classic of American literature.
这本名为《了不起的盖茨比》的书是美国文学的经典之作。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a restrictive relative clause 'that nearly claimed his life', providing essential information about the 'harrowing battle'.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导限定性定语从句「that nearly claimed his life」，为「harrowing battle」（惨烈的搏斗）提供必要的信息。
He survived a car accident that nearly destroyed his career.
他在一场差点毁掉他职业生涯的车祸中幸存下来。
EN： The verb 'claim' in the context of 'claim one's life' is a formal way to say that something (usually a disease, accident, or disaster) caused someone's death.
中文： 动词「claim」在「claim one's life」的语境中是一种正式表达方式，意指某事（通常是疾病、事故或灾难）夺走了某人的生命。
The earthquake claimed thousands of lives in the region.
这场地震夺走了该地区数千人的生命。
EN： The mention of 'Cannes' (implied by context) and 'cinematic release' highlights the prestige of European film festivals. Andrey Zvyagintsev is a key figure in world cinema, often using his personal struggles and political environment as metaphors in his storytelling.
中文： 提到「坎城」（由上下文暗示）和「電影發行」突顯了歐洲影展的聲望。安德烈·薩金塞夫是世界影壇的關鍵人物，經常將個人掙扎和政治環境作為其敘事中的隱喻。
EN： The phrase 'Had it not been for' is an inverted form of the third conditional 'If it had not been for'. It is used to express that a past event was the essential condition for a certain outcome. Inverting the subject and the auxiliary verb 'had' makes the tone more formal and literary.
中文： 「Had it not been for」是第三类条件句「If it had not been for」的倒装形式，用于表达过去某个事件是达成某种结果的必要条件。将主语与助动词「had」倒装会使语气更为正式且具文学感。
Had it not been for your timely advice, I would have made a terrible mistake.
若非你及时的建议，我当时就会犯下严重的错误。
EN： The modal structure 'might never have + past participle' is used to express a hypothetical negative possibility in the past. It suggests that without the condition mentioned, the outcome of returning to filmmaking would have been impossible.
中文： 助动词结构「might never have + 过去分词」用于表达过去某种假设性的否定可能性。这暗示若没有上述条件，重返电影制作这件事在当时是不可能发生的。
Without the scholarship, she might never have studied abroad.
如果没有奖学金，她可能永远无法出国留学。
EN： The mention of Hanover, Germany, highlights the common practice of high-profile individuals from Russia seeking advanced medical treatment in Western Europe, particularly Germany, which is renowned for its specialized clinics and intensive care facilities.
中文： 提及德國漢諾威反映了俄羅斯知名人士前往西歐（尤其是德國）尋求先進醫療服務的常見現象。德國以其專業診所和重症監護設施聞名於世。
EN： The verb 'contract' is a formal term used in medical contexts meaning to catch or develop a disease or infectious illness.
中文： 动词「contract」是一个正式用语，用于医学背景，意指「感染」或「患上」某种疾病或传染病。
He contracted a rare tropical virus while traveling in Southeast Asia.
他在东南亚旅行时感染了一种罕见的热带病毒。
EN： The relative clause starting with 'that left him with...' uses the verb 'leave' to describe a resulting state or consequence of an event.
中文： 以「that left him with...」开头的定语从句，使用动词「leave」来描述某个事件所导致的状态或后果（使某人处于……的境地）。
The storm left the city without power for three days.
这场暴风雨导致该城市断电三天。
EN： The sentence reflects the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public figures and the global arts community. Zvyagintsev's survival and return to filmmaking are seen as a significant personal and professional triumph within the international film circuit.
中文： 這句話反映了新冠肺炎疫情對公眾人物及全球藝術界的嚴重影響。薩金塞夫的倖存並重返電影製作，被視為國際電影圈中個人與職業生涯的一大勝利。
EN： The phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate a general category (in this case, 'basic tasks'). It is more formal than 'like' and is commonly used in journalistic and academic writing.
中文： 短语「such as」用于引入说明一般类别（在此为「基本任务」）的具体例子。它比「like」更正式，常用于新闻和学术写作中。
The patient struggled with cognitive functions, such as memory and focus.
这位患者在认知功能方面遇到困难，例如记忆力和专注力。
EN： The structure 'unable to + verb' functions as an adjective phrase following the linking verb 'was'. It expresses a lack of ability or capacity, often due to external circumstances or physical limitations, and is more formal than 'could not'.
中文： 「unable to + 动词」结构在系动词「was」之后充当形容词短语。它表达缺乏能力或容量，通常是由于外部环境或身体限制所致，比「could not」更正式。
Due to the heavy snow, the rescue team was unable to reach the village.
由于大雪，救援队无法抵达村庄。
EN： The conjunction 'or' is used here to connect two infinitive phrases ('to move...' and '[to] perform...') in a negative context. When 'unable' or 'not' precedes the list, 'or' maintains the negative scope over both actions.
中文： 连词「or」在此用于连接否定语境下的两个不定式短语（「to move...」与「[to] perform...」）。当「unable」或「not」置于列表之前时，「or」使否定范围涵盖这两个动作。
He was not allowed to speak or leave the room.
他不被允许说话或离开房间。
EN： The mention of 'holding a spoon' is a poignant detail used in English narrative non-fiction to emphasize the loss of basic human dignity and autonomy. It highlights the severity of Zvyagintsev's physical decline, contrasting his status as a world-renowned director with the most fundamental of human struggles.
中文： 提到「拿湯匙」是一個深刻的細節，在英文敘事非虛構寫作中常用來強調基本人類尊嚴與自主能力的喪失。這突顯了薩金塞夫身體衰弱的嚴重程度，將他身為世界知名導演的地位與最基本的人類掙扎進行了對比。
EN： The relative phrase 'during which time' is used to link two clauses, where 'which' acts as a relative adjective modifying 'time'. It refers back to the entire duration mentioned in the previous clause (eleven months), providing a temporal framework for the second action.
中文： 关系短语「during which time」用于连接两个从句，其中「which」作为关系形容词修饰「time」。它回指前一个从句中提到的整个时段（十一个月），为第二个动作提供时间框架。
He was unconscious for three days, during which time his family never left his side.
他昏迷了三天，在此期间，他的家人从未离开过他的身边。
EN： The phrase 'a total of' is used to emphasize the aggregate amount or number of something. It is often followed by a specific number and a plural noun to highlight the scale or duration of an event.
中文： 短语「a total of」用于强调某事物的总量或数量。它通常后接特定的数字和复数名词，以突出事件的规模或持续时间。
The project took a total of five years to complete.
该项目总共花了五年的时间才完成。
EN： The term 'full-scale' is a compound adjective used to describe an activity that is as complete and intense as possible, involving all available resources.
中文： 「full-scale」是一个复合形容词，用于描述一项尽可能完整且激烈的活动，涉及所有可用资源，意为「全规模的」或「全面的」。
The police launched a full-scale investigation into the fraud case.
警方对这起诈骗案展开了全面的调查。
EN： The sentence juxtaposes a personal health crisis with a global geopolitical crisis. The 'full-scale invasion of Ukraine' refers to the escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began on February 24, 2022, which led to significant international sanctions against Russia and the exile of many Russian artists, including Zvyagintsev.
中文： 這句話將個人健康危機與全球地緣政治危機並置。「全規模入侵烏克蘭」指的是 2022 年 2 月 24 日開始的俄烏戰爭升級，這導致了國際社會對俄羅斯的重大制裁，也促使許多俄羅斯藝術家（包括薩金塞夫）流亡海外。
EN： The 'It is/was... that...' structure is a cleft sentence used to emphasize a specific part of the sentence (in this case, the subject). Adding 'precisely' further intensifies the focus.
中文： 「It is/was... that...」结构是一种分裂句，用于强调句子中的特定部分（在此句中为宾语）。加入「precisely」进一步强化了强调的语气。
It was precisely his dedication that led to the project's success.
正是他的奉献精神促成了计划的成功。
EN： The relative pronoun 'what' functions as a nominal relative, meaning 'the thing(s) that'. It acts as the object of the preposition 'into' and the object of the verb 'described'.
中文： 关系代词「what」作为名词性关系词，意为「...的事物」。它在此句中作为介词「into」的宾语，同时也是动词「described」的宾语。
She finally achieved what she had always dreamed of.
她终于实现了她梦寐以求的事情。
EN： The verb 'plunge' followed by 'into' is often used metaphorically to describe suddenly being forced into a negative state or situation.
中文： 动词「plunge」后接「into」常用于比喻，描述突然被卷入或陷入某种负面的状态或处境。
The sudden economic downturn plunged many families into poverty.
突然的经济衰退使许多家庭陷入贫困。
EN： The sentence reflects the intersection of personal tragedy (health crisis) and political turmoil (the invasion of Ukraine), a common theme in the lives of contemporary Russian intellectuals and artists who often find their personal fates inextricably linked to the state's actions.
中文： 這句話反映了個人悲劇（健康危機）與政治動盪（俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭）的交織。這是當代俄羅斯知識分子與藝術家生活中常見的主題，他們的個人命運往往與國家的行為密不可分。
EN： The idiom 'Against all odds' is a prepositional phrase used to describe achieving something that seemed impossible or very unlikely given the circumstances.
中文： 成语「Against all odds」是一个介词短语，用于描述在环境极其不利或看似不可能的情况下，仍然取得了成功或达成了目标。
Against all odds, the small startup became a global leader in technology.
尽管困难重重，这家小型初创公司还是成为了全球科技领导者。
EN： The verb 'channel' followed by 'into' is used metaphorically to mean directing one's energy, emotions, or resources toward a specific purpose or activity.
中文： 动词「channel」后接「into」常用于比喻，意指将某人的精力、情感或资源引导至特定的目的或活动中。
She channeled her frustration into a vigorous workout at the gym.
她将她的挫折感转化为在健身房进行的剧烈运动。
EN： The conjunction 'before' followed by a gerund (-ing form) creates a temporal clause that indicates an action occurring after the main clause's action, often implying a sequence of development.
中文： 连词「before」后接动名词（-ing 形式）构成时间状语从句，表示在主句动作之后发生的行为，通常暗示了一种发展的先后顺序。
He spent years researching the topic before publishing his first book.
在出版他的第一本书之前，他花了数年时间研究这个主题。
EN： The sentence highlights the resilience of the human spirit and the therapeutic power of art. In the context of Andrey Zvyagintsev, a director known for his critical view of Russian society, his personal survival and return to filmmaking are seen as symbolic acts of defiance and endurance against both physical illness and political pressure.
中文： 這句話強調了人類精神的韌性以及藝術的療癒力量。在安德烈·薩金塞夫這位以批判俄羅斯社會著稱的導演背景下，他的個人生存和重返電影製作被視為對抗生理疾病和政治壓力的象徵性反抗與堅持。
EN： The use of 'transposed' here is a past participle phrase acting as a reduced relative clause (which is transposed...). It describes how the setting of the original work was shifted to a new context.
中文： 此处的「transposed」是过去分词短语，作为简化后的定语从句（which is transposed...），用来描述原作的背景设定如何被转换到新的语境中。
The story, transposed to modern-day Tokyo, explores the same themes of isolation.
这个故事被移至现代东京，探讨了同样的孤立主题。
EN： The possessive form 'Claude Chabrol's 1969 French thriller' demonstrates a complex noun phrase where multiple modifiers (author, year, nationality, genre) precede the head noun 'The Unfaithful Wife'.
中文： 所有格形式「Claude Chabrol's 1969 French thriller」展示了一个复杂的名词短语，其中多个修饰语（作者、年份、国籍、类型）皆置于中心名词《不忠之妻》之前。
She is reading Haruki Murakami's latest Japanese novel.
她正在阅读村上春树最新的日本小说。
EN： The word 'adaptation' is followed by the preposition 'of' to indicate the source material being modified for a new medium.
中文： 单词「adaptation」（改编作品）后接介词「of」，用以标示被改编成新媒介的原始素材。
The movie is a faithful adaptation of the classic play.
这部电影是对这部经典剧作的忠实改编。
EN： The mention of 'provincial Russian town' is a recurring setting in Zvyagintsev's work, often used to depict the stark reality of life far from the political center of Moscow, highlighting themes of corruption and social decay.
中文： 提到「俄羅斯外省小鎮」是薩金塞夫作品中經常出現的設定，通常用來描繪遠離莫斯科政治中心的嚴酷生活現實，並藉此強調腐敗與社會衰敗的主題。
EN： The phrase 'on the verge of' is an idiomatic expression used to describe something that is about to happen very soon, typically followed by a gerund (-ing form) or a noun. It often implies a critical or precarious turning point.
中文： 短语「on the verge of」是一个惯用语，用来描述某事即将发生，通常后接动名词（-ing 形式）或名词。它往往隐含着一个关键或不稳定的转折点。
The company was on the verge of bankruptcy before the new investment arrived.
在新投资到位之前，这家公司已处于破产边缘。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a restrictive relative clause that modifies the noun phrase 'a business executive'. Despite the intervening prepositional phrase 'on the verge of...', 'who' clearly refers back to the executive as the subject of 'discovers'.
中文： 关系代词「who」引导一个限定性定语从句，用来修饰名词短语「a business executive」（企业主管）。尽管中间隔着介词短语「on the verge of...」，「who」依然明确地指代该主管，作为「discovers」的主语。
He is a leader who simultaneously inspires fear and respect in his subordinates.
他是一位同时让下属感到恐惧与尊敬的领导者。
EN： The sentence reflects a common trope in Russian cinema (and Zvyagintsev's work specifically) where personal domestic crises are intertwined with professional or systemic failure, highlighting the fragility of the middle class under authoritarian or unstable economic conditions.
中文： 這句話反映了俄羅斯電影（特別是薩金塞夫的作品）中常見的隱喻：將個人的家庭危機與職業或系統性的失敗交織在一起，突顯了在威權或不穩定的經濟條件下，中產階級的脆弱性。
EN： The idiom 'draw parallels between A and B' is used to highlight similarities or connections between two distinct situations, often used in analytical or academic contexts.
中文： 成语 'draw parallels between A and B' 用于强调两个不同情况之间的相似之处或联系，常用于分析或学术语境中。
The historian drew parallels between the fall of Rome and modern political instability.
历史学家在罗马帝国的衰落与现代政治动荡之间画出了平行线（类比）。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have already drawn') is used here to indicate an action that has been completed at an unspecified time before now, emphasizing its current relevance to the discussion.
中文： 现在完成时（'have already drawn'）在此用于表示在现在之前的某个不确定时间点已完成的动作，强调其对当前讨论的相关性。
Scientists have already identified the gene responsible for the condition.
科学家们已经鉴定出导致该疾病的基因。
EN： The use of the possessive 's with a participle ('protagonist's crumbling...') functions as a complex noun phrase where 'crumbling' acts as an attributive adjective describing the state of the world.
中文： 所有格 's 与分词（'protagonist's crumbling...'）的结合构成了一个复杂的名词短语，其中 'crumbling' 作为定语形容词，描述该世界的状态。
The company's declining profits led to a massive restructuring.
公司下降的利润导致了大规模的重组。
EN： In film criticism, Russian cinema is often analyzed through the lens of political allegory. Directors like Zvyagintsev use domestic or personal stories to reflect the 'disintegration' of the state or society, a common theme in post-Soviet art where the personal is inherently political.
中文： 在影評中，俄羅斯電影經常被透過政治寓言的角度來分析。像薩金塞夫這樣的導演利用家庭或個人故事來反映國家或社會的「瓦解」，這是後蘇聯藝術中常見的主題，即個人生活本質上就是政治性的。
EN： The passive voice 'was cemented' is used here to emphasize the result of an action on the subject (reputation) rather than the agent who performed the action. In formal writing, this structure highlights the historical significance of an event.
中文： 被动语态「was cemented」在此用于强调动作对主语（声誉）产生的结果，而非执行动作的主体。在正式写作中，这种结构突显了事件的历史意义。
The treaty was signed in 1945, marking the end of the conflict.
该条约于1945年签署，标志着冲突的结束。
EN： The use of an appositive phrase ('a crime drama of extraordinary moral gravity') provides additional information about the preceding noun ('Leviathan'). This is a common C1-level technique to add descriptive depth without starting a new sentence.
中文： 同位语短语（a crime drama of extraordinary moral gravity）的使用为前面的名词（《缠绕之蛇》）提供了额外信息。这是C1级别常见的技巧，能在不开启新句子的情况下增加描述深度。
He visited Kyoto, a city famous for its ancient temples.
他访问了京都，一座以古老寺庙闻名的城市。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of extraordinary moral gravity' functions as an adjective. The structure 'of + [adjective] + [abstract noun]' is a sophisticated way to describe qualities, equivalent to saying 'extraordinarily morally grave'.
中文： 介词短语「of extraordinary moral gravity」充当形容词功能。「of + [形容词] + [抽象名词]」的结构是描述特质的一种进阶表达方式，相当于说「extraordinarily morally grave」。
This is a matter of great importance to the committee.
这对委员会来说是一件非常重要的事。
EN： The Cannes Film Festival is one of the most prestigious international film festivals. Winning or even premiering a film there can 'cement' a director's global reputation. 'Leviathan' (2014) is a critical film in Russian cinema, often interpreted as a modern retelling of the Book of Job, critiquing corruption and power dynamics in contemporary Russia.
中文： 坎城影展是全球最負盛名的國際影展之一。在那裡獲獎甚至只是首映，都能「奠定」導演的國際聲譽。《纏繞之蛇》（2014）是俄羅斯電影中的關鍵作品，常被解讀為現代版的《約伯記》，批判了當代俄羅斯的腐敗與權力動態。
EN： The verb 'earn' can be used as a ditransitive verb (S + V + Indirect Object + Direct Object), meaning to gain or deserve something as a result of one's efforts or qualities.
中文： 动词 'earn' 可作为双宾动词（主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语），表示因某人的努力或特质而获得或赢得某物。
His hard work earned him a promotion.
他的努力为他赢得了升职。
EN： The structure 'establish someone as something' is used to show that someone has become recognized or accepted in a particular role or position.
中文： 结构 'establish someone as something' 用于表示某人在特定角色或地位上获得认可或确立了地位。
The success of her first novel established her as a leading writer of her generation.
她第一部小说的成功使她确立了作为同代领先作家的地位。
EN： The adverb 'arguably' is used when you are making a claim that you believe can be supported by evidence, even if others might disagree. It is a common academic and journalistic hedge.
中文： 副词 'arguably' 用于提出你认为有证据支持的论点，即使他人可能不同意。这是学术和新闻写作中常见的修饰语，意为「可以说是」或「按理说」。
This is arguably the best performance of his career.
这可以说是他职业生涯中最好的表现。
EN： In film criticism, referring to a director as a 'voice' signifies their unique artistic perspective and influence on the medium. The mention of 'Russian cinema' highlights the specific national context, where Andrey Zvyagintsev is often seen as a successor to the tradition of great Russian masters like Tarkovsky.
中文： 在影評中，將導演稱為一種「聲音」(voice) 象徵著他們獨特的藝術視角以及對該媒介的影響力。提到「俄羅斯電影」強調了特定的國家背景，安德烈·薩金塞夫通常被視為繼承了如塔可夫斯基等俄羅斯大師傳統的重要人物。
EN： Inversion in conditional sentences (First/Second Conditional). When 'if' is omitted, the auxiliary verb 'should' is moved to the front of the subject. This structure is formal and often used in professional or literary contexts.
中文： 条件句中的倒装（第一/第二类条件句）。当省略「if」时，助动词「should」会移至主语前方。这种结构语气正式，常用于专业或文学语境中。
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
若您需要进一步的协助，请随时与我们联系。
EN： The use of 'would' in the main clause after a 'Should...' inversion indicates a hypothetical or predictive result in a formal tone, aligning with the Second Conditional structure to express a possible future scenario.
中文： 在「Should...」倒装句后的主句中使用「would」，表示正式语气下的假设或预测结果，符合第二类条件句结构，用以表达未来可能发生的情境。
Should the negotiations fail, it would lead to a significant market downturn.
若谈判失败，将会导致严重的市场衰退。
EN： The phrase 'one of the most + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to single out an item that belongs to a group sharing a peak characteristic.
中文： 短语「one of the most + 最高级形容词 + 复数名词」用于从具备巅峰特征的群体中挑选出其中一项。
This is considered one of the most influential paintings in the gallery.
这被认为是画廊中最具影响力的画作之一。
EN： The term 'comeback' in the film industry often refers to a director or actor returning to success after a long absence, scandal, or health crisis. In Zvyagintsev's case, it is particularly poignant due to his near-fatal battle with COVID-19 and the political exile from Russia, making his return to Cannes a significant event in international cinema.
中文： 電影界中的「comeback」（復出）通常指導演或演員在長期缺席、醜聞或健康危機後重返成功。就安德烈·薩金塞夫而言，由於他曾與新冠肺炎死裡逃生，加上從俄羅斯政治流亡，這使得他重返坎城成為國際影壇的一件大事。
EN： The Perfect Participle (Having + past participle) is used to indicate that one action was completed before the action in the main clause began. It emphasizes the sequence of events and often suggests a causal link.
中文： 完成分词（Having + 过去分词）用于表示一个动作在主句动作开始之前已经完成。它强调事件的先后顺序，且通常暗示两者之间存在因果关系。
Having finished the report, she turned off her computer and left the office.
完成报告后，她关掉电脑并离开了办公室。
EN： The preposition 'beyond' is used here to mean 'more than' or 'in addition to,' indicating that the significance exceeds the scope of professional success.
中文： 介词 'beyond' 在此处意为「超出」或「不仅仅是」，表示其意义超出了专业成功的范畴。
The benefits of the new policy go beyond mere financial gain.
这项新政策的好处不仅仅是金钱上的收益。
EN： The term 'exile' in the context of Russian cinema often refers to the long history of artists leaving the country due to political censorship or disagreement with the government, a theme that has regained intense relevance since 2022.
中文： 在俄羅斯電影的語境中，「流亡」(exile) 一詞通常涉及藝術家因政治審查或與政府意見分歧而離開國家的悠久歷史，這一主題自 2022 年以來再次變得極具現實意義。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 受到高度赞扬的、广受好评的
在本文中： 寓言、讽喻（用来象征更深层含义的故事或艺术形式）
在本文中： 折磨人的、令人极度痛苦的
在本文中： （医疗）干预、治疗措施
在本文中： （多种情况或力量的）汇聚、交会
在本文中： 极度的痛苦、苦恼
在本文中： 转移、改编（至不同的背景或环境）
在本文中： （夫妻或伴侣间的）不忠、出轨
在本文中： 瓦解、崩溃、碎裂
在本文中： 严肃性、严重性
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Despite very low probability of success; in spite of great difficulties.
尽管困难重重、出乎意料地
Very close to experiencing or doing something.
在……的边缘、即将……
To stop employing someone, usually because there is no work for them to do.
解雇、裁员
The learned ability to cause a decided movement outcome with maximum certainty.
运动技能、运动能力
To point out similarities between two different things.
类比、找出相似之处