EN： Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that touches the heart' and modifies the noun 'A story'. This clause describes what kind of story we are talking about.
中文： 主语关系从句（形容词从句）：关系代词「that」在关系从句「that touches the heart」中担任主语，用来修饰先行词「A story」（故事），说明是怎样的故事。
The movie that won the award was very moving.
那部赢得大奖的电影非常感人。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Pronouns: When a relative pronoun (like 'that' or 'who') is the subject of a relative clause, the verb that follows must agree in number with the antecedent. Here, 'A story' is singular, so the verb 'touches' is also singular.
中文： 关系代词的主谓一致：当关系代词（如 that 或 who）在关系从句中作主语时，其后的动词单复数必须与先行词一致。在此句中，先行词「A story」为单数，因此动词使用单数动词「touches」。
People who live in this city are very friendly.
住在这个城市的人们都非常友善。
EN： The idiom 'touch the heart' is a common English expression meaning to cause someone to feel a strong, usually warm or sympathetic, emotion. It highlights the cultural value placed on emotional connection and empathy in storytelling.
中文： 片語「touch the heart」（觸動人心）在英文中非常常用，意思是讓人產生強烈且通常是溫暖或同情的情感。這反映了西方文化中對於故事創作中情感連結與共情能力的重視。
EN： Relative Clause with 'who': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun. When the noun is a person (in this case, 'a writer') and acts as the subject of the relative clause, we use the relative pronoun 'who'.
中文： 关系从句（使用 'who'）：关系从句用于提供关于名词的更多信息。当该名词是人（在此句中为 'a writer'）且在关系从句中担任主语时，我们使用关系代词 'who'。
I know a teacher who speaks four languages.
我认识一位会说四种语言的老师。
EN： Preposition 'for' indicating purpose: The preposition 'for' followed by a noun ('ideas') is used to express the purpose of an action (why the writer travels).
中文： 介词 'for' 表示目的：介词 'for' 后面接名词（'ideas'），用于表示某个动作的目的（即该作家旅行的原因）。
She went to the store for some milk.
她去商店买牛奶。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun ('the book'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'read' in the relative clause 'which I read last week'.
中文： 关系代词「which」用于引导修饰非人事物（如「the book」）的关系从句（形容词从句）。在本句中，「which」在关系从句「which I read last week」中担任动词「read」的宾语。
The movie which we watched yesterday was exciting.
我们昨天看的那部电影很刺激。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Here, 'read' (pronounced /rɛd/ in past tense) and 'changed' indicate actions that occurred and were completed in the past (specifically, 'last week').
中文： 一般过去时用于描述过去已完成的动作。在这里，「read」（过去式发音为 /rɛd/）与「changed」表示在过去（具体为「上周」）已经发生并结束的动作。
She visited her grandmother last month.
她上个月拜访了她的祖母。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (the antecedent, 'the village'). It functions as an adverbial of place within the clause, meaning 'in/at which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句（关系从句），用来修饰表示地点的先行词（此处为「the village」）。它在从句中充当地点状语的角色，相当于「in/at which」。
This is the restaurant where we first met.
这就是我们第一次见面的餐厅。
EN： The demonstrative pronoun 'this' is used as the subject to point out a specific thing nearby or just mentioned, followed by the linking verb 'is' and a subject complement ('the village').
中文： 指示代词「this」（这个）用作主语，用来指出空间上靠近或刚才提到的人事物，后面接系动词「is」与主语补语（「the village」）。
This is the book I told you about.
这就是我跟你提过的那本书。
EN： The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces possessive adjectives (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and is followed by a noun ('courage') without an article. It introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it ('A hero').
中文： 关系代词 'whose' 用于表示所有格（...的）。它取代了所有格形容词（如 'his'、'her'、'their'），后面直接接名词（'courage'），不加冠词。它引导一个关系从句来修饰前面的名词（'A hero'）。
I know a writer whose books are very famous.
我认识一位书非常著名的作家。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Clauses: The verb inside the relative clause ('inspires') must agree in number with the noun that 'whose' modifies ('courage', which is singular). Similarly, the main verb of the sentence ('dies') must agree with the main subject ('A hero').
中文： 关系从句中的主谓一致：关系从句中的动词（'inspires'）必须在单复数上与 'whose' 所修饰的名词（单数的 'courage'）保持一致。同样地，句子的主要动词（'dies'）也必须与主要主语（'A hero'）保持一致。
A teacher whose lessons are interesting always attracts students.
授课有趣的老师总是能吸引学生。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in Western literature and mythology: the idea of immortality through legacy and inspiration. In classical storytelling, a hero's physical death is secondary to the eternal impact of their virtuous deeds on future generations.
中文： 這句話反映了西方文學和神話中的一個共同主題：透過傳承與啟發達到精神上的永生。在古典敘事中，英雄肉體的消逝是次要的，最重要的是他們高尚的行徑對後代子孫所產生的深遠且永恆的影響。
EN： Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a relative clause ('that teach us about kindness') to modify the plural noun 'tales'. Since 'tales' is plural, the verb in the relative clause 'teach' is also in the plural form (no '-s').
中文： 关系从句（形容词从句）：关系代词「that」引导关系从句（that teach us about kindness）来修饰复数名词「tales」（故事）。因为「tales」是复数，所以关系从句中的动词「teach」也使用复数形式（不加 -s）。
I like books that inspire people to dream.
我喜欢启发人们去梦想的书。
EN： The verb 'teach' can take a double object (teach + someone + about + something) to express instructing someone on a particular topic or value.
中文： 动词「teach」（教导）后面可以接双宾语结构（teach + 某人 + about + 某事），用来表示在特定主题或价值观上给予某人指导或启发。
My parents taught me about honesty.
我的父母教导我关于诚实的道理。
EN： Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who wrote this' modifies the subject 'The author'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it cannot be omitted.
中文： 主语关系代词：关系代词「who」用于引导修饰人的关系从句（形容词从句）。在本句中，「who wrote this」修饰主语「The author」。由于「who」在关系从句中担任主语，因此不能省略。
The teacher who helped me is very kind.
帮助我的那位老师非常亲切。
EN： Prepositional Phrase for Origin: The prepositional phrase 'from [place]' is used with the linking verb 'be' (is/am/are) to indicate a person's country of origin, hometown, or where they come from.
中文： 表示来源的介词短语：介词短语「from [地方]」与系动词「be」（is/am/are）连用，用来表示一个人的国籍、家乡或来源地。
My new classmate is from Japan.
我的新同学来自日本。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (the antecedent, 'a place'). In this clause, 'where' functions as an adverbial of place, meaning 'in/at that place'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句（关系从句），修饰表示地点的先行词（在此为「a place」）。在此从句中，「where」充当地点状语，相当于「in/at that place」的意思。
This is the house where I was born.
这就是我出生的那栋房子。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to express a general truth or permanent state. The adverb 'forever' modifies the verb 'live' to indicate an action that continues without end.
中文： 这里使用一般现在时来表达一个普遍真理或永久状态。副词「forever」（永远）修饰动词「live」（存活/流传），表示无止境持续的动作。
True friendship lives forever.
真正的友谊永存。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, libraries are highly valued not just as buildings with books, but as community hubs and sacred spaces for preserving human imagination, history, and diverse voices.
中文： 在英語系國家中，圖書館不僅被視為存放書籍的建築，更被視為社區中心，以及保存人類想像力、歷史和多元聲音的神聖空間。
EN： Adjective Clause (Relative Clause) with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces an adjective clause ('that she told us') that modifies the noun 'the myth'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'told'. Since it is an object relative pronoun, it can optionally be omitted.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导的形容词从句（关系从句）：「that she told us」修饰先行词「the myth」（神话）。在此从句中，「that」作为动词「told」的直接宾语。因为它是宾语关系代词，所以在日常英语中也可以省略。
The story that he wrote became famous.
他写的那篇故事变得很有名。
EN： The Past Simple Tense: The verbs 'told' (past of 'tell') and 'was' (past of 'be') are used here to describe an action and a state that occurred and were completed in the past.
中文： 一般过去时：动词「told」（tell 的过去式）和「was」（be 动词的过去式）在这里用于描述在过去发生并已结束的动作和状态。
She told me a secret yesterday.
她昨天告诉了我一个秘密。
EN： Subject Relative Clause (who): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies a person (in this case, 'a girl'). In the relative clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'reads'.
中文： 主格关系代词 (who)：关系代词「who」用于引导修饰人的关系从句（在此句中为「a girl」）。在关系从句中，「who」担任动词「reads」的主语。
I met a writer who travels for new ideas.
我认识一位为了寻找新灵感而环游世界的作家。
EN： Simple Present Tense for Habits: The simple present tense ('reads') is used with the adverbial phrase of frequency 'every day' to express a regular habit or routine.
中文： 表示习惯的一般现在时：一般现在时动词（reads）与表示频率的副词短语「every day」（每天）连用，用来表达规律的习惯或日常作息。
He drinks a cup of coffee every day.
他每天喝一杯咖啡。
EN： Relative clauses with 'which' are used to provide additional information about a non-human noun (in this case, 'the poem'). 'Which' acts as the relative pronoun, and since it functions as the object of the verb 'studied' in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 关系从句（形容词从句）使用关系代词「which」来修饰非人的名词（在此句中为「the poem」）。「which」在关系从句中担任动词「studied」的宾语，在非正式英语中，此宾语关系代词常可省略。
The book which you lent me was fascinating.
你借给我的那本书非常引人入胜。
EN： The preposition 'about' is used to indicate the subject matter or theme of something (e.g., a poem, a book, a conversation).
中文： 介词「about」在此用于表示某事物（如诗歌、书籍、对话）的主题或内容，意为「关于」或「以……为主题」。
This movie is about friendship.
这部电影是关于友谊的。
EN： The pronoun 'one' is used as a substitute to avoid repeating the noun 'story'. In this sentence, 'one' refers back to 'a good story'.
中文： 代词「one」用来代替前面提过的单数可数名词，以避免重复。在此句子中，「one」指的是「a good story」（一个好故事）。
I don't have a pen. Can you lend me one?
我没有笔。你可以借我一枝吗？
EN： The relative clause 'that we never forget' modifies the pronoun 'one'. 'That' acts as the relative pronoun representing the object of the verb 'forget'. In defining relative clauses, 'that' can be omitted when it functions as an object.
中文： 关系从句「that we never forget」用来修饰代词「one」。关系代词「that」在从句中担任动词「forget」的宾语。在限定性关系从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，通常可以省略。
This is the movie that I watched yesterday.
这是我昨天看的那部电影。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a relative clause (adjective clause) modifying the noun 'stories'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'shape'.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰先行词「stories」（故事）。在此从句中，「that」担任动词「shape」的主语。
I love books that inspire me to travel.
我喜欢那些能启发我去旅行的书。
EN： The noun clause 'who its people are' acts as the direct object of the verb 'shape'. It uses indirect question word order (subject + verb) rather than question order.
中文： 名词从句「who its people are」作为动词「shape」的直接宾语。此处使用间接疑问句的语序（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句语序。
Do you know who that writer is?
你知道那位作家是谁吗？
EN： This sentence reflects the universal human tradition of storytelling. In many cultures, oral histories, myths, and legends are not just entertainment, but are fundamental to cultural identity and preserving history.
中文： 這句話反映了人類講故事的普遍傳統。在許多文化中，口述歷史、神話和傳說不僅僅是娛樂，更是文化認同和保存歷史的基石。
EN： Relative Clause with 'which': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Which' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to things or concepts (in this case, 'a tale'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which explains the world in old ways'.
中文： 使用 'which' 的关系从句：关系从句用于提供关于名词（先行词）的更多信息。'Which' 作为关系代词，用来指代事物或概念（在此句中指 'a tale' 传说）。它在关系从句 'which explains the world in old ways' 中担任主语。
This is the book which inspired me to become a writer.
这就是那本启发我成为作家的书。
EN： Prepositional Phrase 'in ... ways': The preposition 'in' is used to describe the manner or method in which something is done. 'In old ways' means using ancient methods or perspectives.
中文： 介词短语 'in ... ways'：介词 'in' 用于描述做某事的方式或方法。'In old ways' 意为「以古老的方式」或「用古老的视角」。
They solved the problem in different ways.
他们用不同的方式解决了这个问题。
EN： In English literature and anthropology, 'myths' are distinguished from 'legends' or 'folktales'. A myth typically explains natural phenomena, origins of the world, or religious beliefs, often involving gods or supernatural forces, which is why the sentence highlights that it 'explains the world in old ways'.
中文： 在英文文學與人類學中，「神話 (myth)」與「傳說 (legend)」或「民間故事 (folktale)」是有所區別的。神話通常用於解釋自然現象、世界的起源或宗教信仰，且往往涉及神明或超自然力量，這也是為什麼本句強調它是「用古老的方式解釋世界」。
EN： The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'their') and connects a relative clause to the noun it modifies ('The heroes'). In this sentence, 'whose deeds we admire' describes the heroes.
中文： 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格（…的）。它取代了所有格形容词（如「their」），并将关系从句连接到它所修饰的名词（「The heroes」）。在本句中，「whose deeds we admire」修饰「the heroes」，表示「我们所钦佩其事迹的英雄们」。
I met a writer whose books are famous worldwide.
我认识一位其著作闻名世界的作家。
EN： The verb 'teach' can take a double object structure: 'teach + someone (indirect object) + about something (prepositional object)'. It is used to explain the subject matter being taught.
中文： 动词「teach」可以采用双宾语结构：「teach + 某人（间接宾语）+ about 某事（介词宾语）」，用于说明所教授的主题或内容。
Our parents teach us about honesty.
我们的父母教导我们关于诚实的道理。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that opened my eyes to new lands') which modifies the noun 'book'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'opened'.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导限定性关系从句（形容词从句）「that opened my eyes to new lands」，用来修饰先行词「book」（书）。在此从句中，「that」充当动词「opened」的主语。
I bought a laptop that works very fast.
我买了一台运行速度非常快的笔记本电脑。
EN： The idiom 'open one's eyes to (something)' means to make someone realize or experience something for the first time, often broadening their perspective.
中文： 短语「open one's eyes to (something)」字面意思是「打开某人的眼睛以看见某事」，实际意指「开阔某人的视野」或「使某人开始认识、体验新事物」。
Travel can open your eyes to different cultures.
旅游能开阔你的视野，让你接触不同的文化。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'a village'). It functions as an adverbial of place within the relative clause, meaning 'in which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰表示地点的名词（在此句中为「a village」）。它在关系从句中充当地点状语的角色，相当于「in which」。
This is the library where I study every weekend.
这就是我每个周末学习的图书馆。
EN： The verb 'seem' is followed by a to-infinitive ('to stand') to express an impression or appearance. 'Stand still' is an idiom meaning to stop moving or making progress, often used metaphorically to describe time.
中文： 动词「seem」（似乎）后面接不定式（to + 动词原形，此处为「to stand」）来表达某种印象或外观。而「stand still」是一个短语，意为「静止不动」或「停滞不前」，常用于隐喻时间的流逝停滞不前。
She seemed to know the secret.
她似乎知道这个秘密。
EN： A relative clause (adjective clause) introduced by 'who' is used to modify a person (the subject of the relative clause). In this sentence, 'who wrote it' describes 'The author'.
中文： 由关系代词 'who' 引导的关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰前方代表人的先行词（在此从句中作主语）。在本句中，'who wrote it' 用来修饰 'The author'（作者）。
The teacher who helped me yesterday was very kind.
昨天帮助我的那位老师非常亲切。
EN： The past perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or point in the past. Here, the traveling ('had traveled') happened before the writing or the reference point in the past.
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）用于表示在过去某个动作或时间点之前，就已经完成的动作。在本句中，横渡海洋的旅行（had traveled）发生在写书或过去特定时间点之前。
She had already left when I arrived at the station.
当我到达车站时，她已经离开了。
EN： A defining relative clause (adjective clause) starting with 'that' is used to identify or define the noun before it ('Stories'). Here, 'that are passed down' specifies which stories we are talking about.
中文： 关系从句（形容词从句）：使用关系代词 'that' 引导的从句来修饰先行词 'Stories'（故事），限定并说明是「哪一种」故事（即代代相传的故事）。
The books that are written by her are very popular.
她写的那些书非常受欢迎。
EN： The verb 'keep' can be followed by an object and an adjective (keep + object + adjective) to describe causing someone or something to remain in a particular state.
中文： 使役动词用法（keep + 宾语 + 形容词）：此结构表示「使某人/某物保持在某种状态」。在本句中，'keep a culture (宾语) alive (形容词)' 表示「使文化保持活力」。
Regular exercise keeps your body healthy.
规律的运动能保持你的身体健康。
EN： The phrase 'passed down' refers to oral tradition, which is the primary way history, values, and lessons were preserved in many cultures before writing became widespread. It highlights the communal and historical value of storytelling.
中文： 片語 'passed down'（代代相傳）指的是口傳文學與傳統。在文字普及之前，許多文化主要依靠口耳相傳來保存歷史、價值觀和教訓。這句話強調了故事敘述對於社群和歷史傳承的文化價值。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'a place'). Inside the clause, 'where' functions as an adverbial of place, meaning 'in/at that place'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句（关系从句），修饰表示地点的先行词（在此为「a place」）。在从句内部，「where」充当地点状语，相当于「in/at that place」。
This is the restaurant where we first met.
这就是我们第一次见面的餐厅。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle' (heard). Here, it is combined with the modal verb 'can' ('can be heard') to express possibility or ability, indicating that every voice has the opportunity to be listened to.
中文： 被动语态由「be + 过去分词 (heard)」构成。此处与助动词「can」结合（can be heard），表示可能性或能力，意指每种声音都有机会被聆听。
The music can be heard from a distance.
从远处就能听到那音乐。
EN： This sentence reflects the modern democratic ideal of a library. In Western culture, libraries are not just quiet places to read books, but are increasingly viewed as community hubs that promote free speech, inclusivity, and equal access to knowledge for all individuals, regardless of their background.
中文： 這句話反映了現代圖書館的民主理想。在西方文化中，圖書館不僅僅是安靜讀書的地方，更被視為促進言論自由、包容性以及讓所有人（不論背景）平等獲取知識的社區樞紐。
EN： The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it (in this case, 'people').
中文： 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格（...的）。它取代了所有格形容词（如「their」），并引导一个关系从句来修饰先行词（在此句中为「people」）。
I know a writer whose books are very popular.
我认识一位书很受欢迎的作家。
EN： The phrase 'be different from' is used to contrast two things or people. 'Ours' is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our lives', used here to avoid repeating the noun 'lives'.
中文： 短语「be different from」用于比较两个事物或人的不同。「Ours」是所有格代词，代表「our lives」（我们的生活），在此处使用以避免重复名词「lives」。
Their culture is different from ours.
他们的文化与我们的不同。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human subject ('a tale'). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which moves us'.
中文： 关系代词「which」用于引导修饰非人事物（如本句中的「a tale」）的关系从句（形容词从句）。在此句中，「which」在关系从句「which moves us」中担任主语的角色。
The book which inspired me is on the table.
那本启发我的书在桌子上。
EN： The noun clause 'how we think' functions as the object of the transitive verb 'change'. It is introduced by the question word 'how' followed by subject-verb word order (how + subject + verb).
中文： 名词从句「how we think」作为及物动词「change」的宾语（宾语）。它由疑问词「how」引导，后面接「主语 + 动词」的陈述句语序。
She explained how she solved the problem.
她解释了她是如何解决那个问题的。
EN： The pronoun 'ones' is used as a substitute to avoid repeating the plural noun 'stories'. It is followed by a defining relative clause ('that we share...') which specifies which 'ones' are being referred to.
中文： 代词「ones」用来代替前面出现过的复数名词「stories」（故事），以避免重复。其后接一个限定性关系从句（that we share...）来修饰并明确指出是哪些故事。
I don't like scary movies; I prefer funny ones.
我不喜欢恐怖电影；我更喜欢搞笑的（电影）。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces an adjective clause (relative clause) modifying the pronoun 'ones'. In this clause, 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'share'.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导一个形容词从句（关系从句），用来修饰代词「ones」。在此从句中，「that」作为动词「share」的直接宾语。
The books that we read in class were very interesting.
我们在课堂上读的那些书非常有趣。
EN： Relative clauses (adjective clauses) with omitted relative pronouns. When the relative pronoun (such as 'that' or 'which') acts as the object of the relative clause, it can be omitted. In this sentence, 'we tell' modifies 'the stories' (the stories [that] we tell), and 'we build' modifies 'the world' (the world [that] we build).
中文： 省略关系代词的关系从句（形容词从句）。当关系代词（如 that 或 which）在关系从句中担任宾语时，可以省略。在本句中，「we tell」修饰「the stories」（我们所讲述的故事），而「we build」修饰「the world」（我们所建立的世界）。
The book we read yesterday was very inspiring.
我们昨天读的那本书非常具有启发性。
EN： The introductory transitional phrase 'In the end'. It is used to introduce a final result, conclusion, or a fundamental truth after considering everything.
中文： 短语「In the end」作为句首的转折语。用来引出最终的结果、结论，或是在考量所有情况后所得到的根本真理，意为「最后」或「终究」。
In the end, love conquers all.
终究，爱能战胜一切。
EN： Wh-questions with 'what' as a determiner: 'What' can be placed directly before a noun (e.g., 'what story') to ask for specific information about that noun. In this structure, an auxiliary verb like 'do' is required before the subject to form the question.
中文： 以 'what' 作为限定词的特殊疑问句：'what' 可以直接放在名词前面（例如 'what story'），用来询问关于该名词的具体信息。在这种结构中，主语前面需要加上助动词（如 'do'）来形成疑问句。
What book do you want to borrow?
你想借哪一本书？
EN： Direct address with a comma: When addressing someone directly by name (vocative case) at the end of a sentence, a comma must be placed before the name to separate it from the main clause.
中文： 使用逗号的直接称呼：在句子末尾直接称呼某人的名字（呼语）时，名字前必须加上逗号，以将其与主句隔开。
Where are you going, John?
约翰，你要去哪里？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, addressing someone by their first name (like 'Emma') is very common and friendly, even in casual or semi-formal conversations. Placing the name at the end of a question makes the interaction feel warm and personal.
中文： 在英語系國家中，直接稱呼對方的名字（如「艾瑪」）是非常普遍且友善的社交方式，即使在日常或半正式的對話中也是如此。將名字放在問句的末尾，會讓對話顯得更加溫暖且具有親切感。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a noun (in this case, 'a tale'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系代词「that」用于引导限定修饰名词（在此句中为「a tale」，意为故事）的关系从句（形容词从句）。在此从句中，「that」担任主语的角色。
I met a writer who travels for new ideas.
我遇到了一位为了新灵感而环游世界的作家。
EN： The verb 'teach' can be followed by an indirect object (us) and a prepositional phrase starting with 'about' to indicate the subject matter being taught.
中文： 动词「teach」（教导）后面可以接间接宾语（us，我们）以及由「about」引导的介词短语，用来表示所教导的主题或内容。
She teaches children about nature.
她教导孩子们关于大自然的知识。
EN： The subject relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person (the writer). In this sentence, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'travels'.
中文： 关系代词主格「who」用来引导关系从句（形容词从句），修饰先行词「人」（此处为 the writer）。在此从句中，「who」担任动词「travels」的主语。
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
我认识一位会说五种语言的老师。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used here to express purpose or reason, meaning 'with the object or purpose of obtaining something' (new ideas).
中文： 介词「for」在此处用于表示目的或原因，意思是「为了获得某物（新灵感）的目的」。
She went to the store for some milk.
她去商店买牛奶（为了牛奶而去）。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (the book). In this sentence, 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'read' in the relative clause 'which I read last week'. Since it is an object relative pronoun, it can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文： 关系代词「which」用于引导关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰非人的名词（the book）。在本句中，「which」在关系从句「which I read last week」中担任动词「read」的宾语。因为它是宾语关系代词，在非正式英语中可以省略。
The movie which we watched yesterday was very exciting.
我们昨天看的那部电影非常刺激。
EN： The verb 'amaze' is a transitive verb meaning 'to fill someone with surprise or wonder'. In the past tense ('amazed'), it takes the object 'me' to show the emotional effect the book had on the speaker.
中文： 动词「amaze」是一个及物动词，意思是「使某人感到惊奇或惊讶」。在过去式（amazed）中，它接上宾语「me」，用以表示这本书对说话者产生的情感影响。
The magician's tricks amazed the entire audience.
魔术师的手法让全场观众感到惊奇。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'the town'). It functions as an adverbial of place within the clause, meaning 'in/at which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句（关系从句），修饰表示地点的名词（在此为「the town」）。它在从句中充当地点状语，相当于「in/at which」。
This is the restaurant where we first met.
这就是我们第一次见面的餐厅。
EN： The simple past tense ('began', the past form of 'begin') is used to describe an action that started and finished in the past.
中文： 一般过去时（「began」为「begin」的过去式）用于描述在过去发生且已结束的动作或状态。
The movie began ten minutes ago.
电影在十分钟前开始了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, local legends and folklore are often deeply tied to specific historical towns or landmarks (e.g., Sleepy Hollow or Nottingham). Pointing out a specific place where a story 'began' evokes a sense of mystery and historical depth.
中文： 在英語系國家中，地方傳說和民間故事通常與特定的歷史小鎮或地標緊密相連（例如：無頭谷或諾丁漢）。指出某個故事「開始」的特定地點，能喚起一種神秘感與歷史厚重感。
EN： The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'his', 'her', or 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it.
中文： 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格（…的）。它取代了所有格形容词（如 his、her 或 their），并引导一个关系从句来修饰先行词（名词）。
I met a writer whose books are very famous.
我认识一位书非常著名的作家。
EN： The verb 'inspires' is in the simple present tense and agrees with the singular subject 'A hero'. The relative clause 'whose heart is brave' acts as an adjective modifying the subject, but does not change the subject-verb agreement.
中文： 动词「inspires」为一般现在时，并与单数主语「A hero」保持主谓一致。关系从句「whose heart is brave」作为形容词修饰主语，并不影响主谓一致的关系。
A teacher who loves teaching inspires the students.
热爱教学的老师会启发学生。
EN： Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that describes a person ('a girl'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'writes'.
中文： 主语关系从句：关系代词「who」用于引导修饰人（此处为「a girl」）的关系从句。在此从句中，「who」担任动词「writes」的主语。
I met a writer who travels the world for ideas.
我认识一位环游世界寻找灵感的作家。
EN： Reflexive Pronoun as Determiner: 'Own' is used after a possessive determiner (like 'her') to emphasize that something belongs to the person mentioned and no one else.
中文： 所有格强调词「own」：在所有格代词（如「her」）后加上「own」，用以强调某物属于该人自己，而非其他人。
He wants to build his own house.
他想要建造一栋他自己的房子。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that explains the stars') to modify the noun 'myth'. It acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导限定性关系从句（that explains the stars），用来修饰先行词「myth」（神话）。在此从句中，「that」充当主语的角色。
The book that sits on the table is mine.
放在桌上的那本书是我的。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Clauses: The verb in the relative clause ('explains') must agree in number with its antecedent ('A myth', which is singular).
中文： 关系从句中的主谓一致：关系从句中的动词（explains）必须与其先行词（A myth，单数）在单复数上保持一致。
The stories that inspire us are often simple.
启发我们的故事通常都很简单。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'a place'). It functions as an adverb of place within the relative clause, meaning 'in or at that place'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词从句（关系从句），修饰表示地点的名词（在此句中为「a place」）。它在从句中充当地点状语，表示「在该地点」。
This is the restaurant where we first met.
这就是我们第一次见面的餐厅。
EN： The subject-verb agreement for singular nouns. 'A library' is a singular countable noun, so it takes the singular linking verb 'is'. Similarly, 'dreams' is a plural noun, so it takes the plural verb 'begin' without an '-s'.
中文： 单数名词的主谓一致。「A library」是单数可数名词，因此搭配单数系动词「is」。同样地，「dreams」是复数名词，因此搭配复数动词「begin」（不加 -s）。
A dog is a loyal pet.
狗是忠实的宠物。
EN： The structure 'noun + worth + V-ing' is used to describe something that is deserving of a particular action. Here, 'worth telling' acts as an adjective phrase modifying the noun 'tale'.
中文： 「名词 + worth + V-ing（动名词）」结构用来描述某事物值得进行某个特定的动作。在此处，「worth telling」作为形容词短语，修饰前面的名词「tale」（故事）。
A book worth reading is worth buying.
一本值得阅读的书就值得购买。
EN： The word 'one' is a dummy pronoun used to avoid repeating the noun 'tale'. It is followed by a contact clause (a relative clause with the relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' omitted) 'we never forget' which modifies 'one'.
中文： 代词「one」在此处用作替代词，以避免重复前面出现过的名词「tale」。其后接一个省略了关系代词（that 或 which）的关系从句「we never forget」，用来修饰「one」。
The movie we watched yesterday was a good one.
我们昨天看的那部电影是一部好片。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 传说、传奇故事
在本文中： 勇气、胆量
在本文中： 鼓舞、激励
在本文中： 神话
在本文中： 文化
在本文中： 行为、事迹（通常指伟大或显著的行为）
在本文中： 钦佩、欣赏
在本文中： 古老的、极其悠久的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To cause someone to feel a strong, usually warm or sympathetic, emotion.
触动人心、感动
To make someone realize the truth about something or experience new things.
大开眼界、使某人认清真相或体验新事物
To stop moving or progressing; to remain in the same place or state.
停滞不前、时间仿佛静止
To give or teach something to people who are younger than you or who will live after you.
世代相传、传承