Reading NewsMembaca Berita
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
0:00
0:00
EN: The verb 'reveal' is followed by a 'that-clause' acting as a noun clause (the direct object). This structure is commonly used in news and academic writing to report findings or facts.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'reveal' (menunjukkan/mendedahkan) diikuti oleh 'that-clause' yang bertindak sebagai klausa nama (objek langsung). Struktur ini sering digunakan dalam penulisan berita dan akademik untuk melaporkan penemuan penyelidikan atau fakta.
The report shows that global temperatures are rising.
Laporan itu menunjukkan bahawa suhu global semakin meningkat.
EN: The verb 'struggle' is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to indicate difficulty in performing a specific action.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'struggle' (bergelut/bersusah payah) diikuti oleh infinitif (to + kata kerja) untuk menunjukkan kesukaran dalam melakukan tindakan tertentu.
Many students struggle to balance work and study.
Ramai pelajar bergelut untuk mengimbangi kerja dan pelajaran.
EN: In English news headlines, the present simple tense ('Reveals') is often used to describe recent events or research findings to make the news feel more immediate and relevant, even if the study was completed in the past.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has found): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present, often used in news to report recent findings.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has found): Digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak ditentukan dan berkaitan dengan masa kini, sering digunakan dalam berita untuk melaporkan penemuan penyelidikan terkini.
Scientists have discovered a new species of deep-sea fish.
Para saintis telah menemui spesies ikan laut dalam yang baharu.
EN: Distinguish between A and B: A common phrasal structure used to indicate the ability to recognize the difference between two distinct things.
Bahasa Melayu: Distinguish between A and B (membezakan A dan B): Ini ialah struktur frasa biasa yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan keupayaan mengenal pasti perbezaan antara dua perkara yang berbeza.
It is difficult to distinguish between the twin brothers.
Sukar untuk membezakan antara dua saudara kembar itu.
EN: The term 'opinion-based news' refers to a growing trend in digital media where commentary and personal viewpoints are blended with news, making media literacy a critical skill in Western education systems.
EN: Reduced Relative Clause (Past Participle): The phrase 'conducted by...' is a reduced relative clause that modifies 'The research'. It is shortened from 'which was conducted by'. We use the past participle (V-ed) because the research 'was conducted' (passive voice) by the institute.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (kata kerja lampau): Frasa 'conducted by...' ialah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan yang digunakan untuk menerangkan 'The research'. Ia berasal daripada 'which was conducted by'. Kata kerja lampau (V-ed) digunakan kerana hubungan antara penyelidikan dan institusi adalah pasif (penyelidikan 'dijalankan oleh' institusi).
The book, written by a famous doctor, became a bestseller.
Buku yang ditulis oleh doktor terkenal itu menjadi buku terlaris.
EN: Appositive Structure with Commas: Commas are used here to set off non-essential information that provides extra detail about the subject. The sentence remains grammatically complete even if the part between the commas is removed.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur apositif dengan koma: Koma digunakan di sini untuk memisahkan maklumat tambahan yang tidak penting untuk memberikan butiran tambahan tentang subjek. Walaupun kandungan di antara koma dikeluarkan, ayat itu tetap lengkap dari segi tatabahasa.
Mr. Smith, my neighbor, is a very kind man.
Encik Smith, iaitu jiran saya, ialah seorang yang sangat baik hati.
EN: In academic and journalistic writing, numbers under ten are usually spelled out (e.g., 'three'), while numbers over ten can be digits. However, for very large round numbers like 'forty thousand' or at the start of a sentence, spelling them out is common for formal clarity.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'noted'. It allows the speaker to report a complete thought or finding.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama yang bermula dengan 'that' bertindak sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'noted'. Ini membolehkan penutur melaporkan idea atau penemuan yang lengkap.
The report noted that global temperatures are rising faster than expected.
Laporan itu menyatakan bahawa suhu global meningkat lebih cepat daripada yang dijangkakan.
EN: The present perfect tense (has become) is used to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true or relevant in the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (has become) digunakan untuk menerangkan keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan hingga kini, atau masih relevan dengan masa kini.
Remote work has become a standard practice for many tech companies.
Kerja jauh telah menjadi amalan standard bagi banyak syarikat teknologi.
EN: The term 'digital age' refers to the current period in history characterized by the shift from traditional industry to an economy based on information computerization. In English-speaking media, 'fact-check' has become a common verb due to the rise of social media and misinformation.
EN: The phrase 'tend to + verb' is used to describe a habit or a likelihood that something will happen. It indicates a general trend or inclination.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'tend to + kata kerja' digunakan untuk menerangkan tabiat atau kebarangkalian sesuatu berlaku. Ia menunjukkan kecenderungan atau kecenderungan umum (selalunya, cenderung untuk).
People tend to eat more comfort food during the cold winter months.
Orang ramai cenderung untuk makan lebih banyak makanan yang menenangkan semasa bulan-bulan musim sejuk yang sejuk.
EN: The preposition 'without' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) indicates that an action is performed while another action is omitted or not happening.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'without' diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu tindakan dilakukan tanpa melakukan atau tanpa tindakan lain berlaku (tanpa..., tanpa...).
He left the room without saying goodbye to anyone.
Dia meninggalkan bilik tanpa mengucapkan selamat tinggal kepada sesiapa.
EN: In academic and journalistic writing, 'lead author' refers to the person who took primary responsibility for the research and the writing of the report, often listed first in the credits.
EN: Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'explained'. This structure is used to report information or thoughts.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama sebagai objek: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa nama yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'explained'. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk melaporkan maklumat atau idea.
He mentioned that the meeting was canceled.
Dia menyebut bahawa mesyuarat itu telah dibatalkan.
EN: Prepositional Phrase of Time: 'Within seconds of' is used to indicate that something happens very quickly after a specific event (in this case, reading the title).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa preposisi masa: 'Within seconds of' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu berlaku dalam masa yang sangat singkat selepas peristiwa tertentu (dalam kes ini, membaca tajuk).
The alarm went off within seconds of the smoke appearing.
Penggera berbunyi dalam beberapa saat selepas asap muncul.
EN: The sentence highlights a modern phenomenon often called 'clickbait culture' or 'headline-only reading,' where the speed of social media consumption leads to the spread of misinformation because users do not verify the full content before sharing.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect or relevance in the present.
The new policy has improved the company's efficiency over the last few months.
Dasar baharu itu telah meningkatkan kecekapan syarikat dalam beberapa bulan kebelakangan ini.
EN: Reporting Verbs as Parenthetical Expressions: Phrases like 'she warned' or 'he said' can be inserted into the middle of a sentence to attribute the statement to a speaker without changing the main sentence structure.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja laporan sebagai ungkapan sisipan: Frasa seperti 'she warned' (dia memberi amaran) atau 'he said' (dia berkata) boleh disisipkan di tengah ayat untuk menjelaskan siapa yang bercakap tanpa mengubah struktur ayat utama.
The weather, the expert predicted, will remain cold until next week.
Pakar meramalkan bahawa cuaca akan kekal sejuk sehingga minggu hadapan.
EN: The term 'misinformation' is often used in academic and journalistic contexts to describe false information spread regardless of intent, whereas 'disinformation' implies a deliberate intent to deceive. Dr. Voss uses 'misinformation' to highlight the systemic issue of sharing without checking.
EN: The phrase 'be more likely to + verb' is used to express probability or a higher tendency for something to happen compared to others.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'be more likely to + kata kerja' digunakan untuk menyatakan kebarangkalian atau kecenderungan yang lebih tinggi untuk berlaku berbanding dengan orang lain.
People who exercise regularly are more likely to live a long life.
Orang yang bersenam secara tetap lebih cenderung untuk hidup lebih lama.
EN: Appositives (particularly those aged...) are used to provide additional information or clarification about a preceding noun (younger participants).
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif (terutamanya mereka yang berumur...) digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan atau penjelasan tentang kata nama sebelumnya (peserta yang lebih muda).
My brother, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
Abang saya, seorang pemuzik yang berbakat, bermain piano setiap hari.
EN: The age group 18-25 is often referred to as 'Gen Z' or 'Digital Natives' in Western media studies, highlighting their lifelong exposure to the internet, which is believed to influence their media literacy skills.
EN: The Past Perfect tense ('had ever used') is used here to describe an action that occurred (or in this case, failed to occur) before a specific point in the past (the time of the study).
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau sempurna (had + kata kerja lampau) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan pengalaman atau tindakan yang telah berlaku (atau tidak berlaku) sebelum titik masa tertentu pada masa lalu (iaitu semasa kajian dijalankan).
By the time the class ended, she had already finished the assignment.
Dia telah menyiapkan kerja rumahnya sebelum tamat kursus.
EN: The phrase 'fewer than' is used with countable nouns (like 'half' of a group of people) to indicate a smaller number, whereas 'less than' is traditionally used for uncountable quantities.
Bahasa Melayu: 'fewer than' digunakan dengan kata nama boleh dikira (seperti 'separuh' daripada kumpulan orang) untuk menunjukkan kuantiti yang lebih kecil; manakala 'less than' secara tradisinya digunakan untuk kuantiti yang tidak boleh dikira.
Fewer than ten students attended the optional workshop.
Kurang daripada sepuluh pelajar menghadiri bengkel elektif ini.
EN: The term 'fact-check' has gained significant prominence in Western media since the mid-2010s, leading to the rise of independent organizations like Snopes or PolitiFact. In many English-speaking countries, media literacy is now a core part of the educational debate to combat 'fake news'.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used here to focus on the action (introducing education) rather than who is doing it. The modal 'should' is followed by 'be' and the past participle 'introduced'.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif (be + kata kerja lampau): Digunakan di sini untuk menekankan tindakan itu sendiri (memperkenalkan pendidikan) dan bukannya orang yang melakukan tindakan. Kata kerja bantu 'should' diikuti oleh 'be' dan kata kerja lampau 'introduced'.
New safety measures should be implemented immediately.
Langkah keselamatan baharu hendaklah dilaksanakan dengan segera.
EN: To-Infinitive for Purpose: The phrase 'to address this gap' uses the infinitive form to explain the reason or goal of the main action.
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif 'to' untuk tujuan: Frasa 'to address this gap' menggunakan bentuk infinitif untuk menerangkan sebab atau matlamat tindakan utama.
He studied hard to pass the exam.
Dia belajar bersungguh-sungguh untuk lulus peperiksaan.
EN: The term 'media literacy' has become a significant educational focus in Western countries to combat 'fake news'. Finland is often cited as a global leader in this field, integrating these skills into all subjects from a young age.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have + kata kerja lampau): Digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak ditentukan dan masih berkaitan dengan masa kini.
The company has already launched its new website.
Syarikat itu telah melancarkan laman web baharunya.
EN: Preposition 'by' + Gerund (-ing): This structure is used to explain the method or means by which an action is achieved.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'by' + gerund (-ing): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menerangkan kaedah atau cara untuk mencapai sesuatu tindakan.
You can improve your English by practicing every day.
Anda boleh meningkatkan bahasa Inggeris anda dengan berlatih setiap hari.
EN: The spelling 'programmes' is the British/International English standard, while 'programs' is used in American English. In the context of media literacy, countries like Finland are often cited as global leaders due to their proactive integration of critical thinking into early education.
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The phrase 'which has long been considered...' uses 'which' to provide extra information about Finland. It is set off by commas and does not limit the identity of the noun it modifies.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan pembatas: Frasa 'which has long been considered...' menggunakan 'which' untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang Finland. Penggunaan ini biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma dan tidak mengehadkan identiti kata nama yang diterangkan.
My car, which I bought last year, is already breaking down.
Kereta saya (yang dibeli tahun lepas) sudah hampir rosak.
EN: Passive Voice: 'Students are taught' uses the structure 'be + past participle'. It focuses on the recipients of the action (students) rather than who is performing the action (teachers).
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif: 'Students are taught' menggunakan struktur 'be + kata kerja lampau'. Ini memberi tumpuan kepada penerima tindakan (pelajar) dan bukannya orang yang melakukan tindakan (guru).
The children are encouraged to express their creativity.
Kanak-kanak digalakkan untuk meluahkan kreativiti mereka.
EN: Finland is globally recognized for its high-quality education system and its proactive approach to fighting misinformation through media literacy, which is integrated into the national curriculum from a very young age.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle): Used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past but has relevance to the present or indicates a completed commitment.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have/has + kata kerja lampau): Digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak ditentukan tetapi berkaitan dengan masa kini, atau menunjukkan komitmen yang telah dibuat.
The company has pledged to reduce its carbon footprint by 2030.
Syarikat itu telah berjanji untuk mengurangkan jejak karbonnya menjelang 2030.
EN: Appositive / Non-restrictive Phrase: The phrase 'including Canada and Australia' provides extra information about the subject 'Other countries' and is set off by commas.
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif / frasa bukan pembatas: Frasa 'including Canada and Australia' memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang subjek ayat 'Other countries' dan dipisahkan dengan koma.
Many students, including those from abroad, attended the seminar.
Ramai pelajar, termasuk mereka yang berasal dari luar negara, menghadiri seminar itu.
EN: The mention of Canada, Australia, and Finland reflects international cooperation and benchmarking in media literacy education. These countries are often cited in global studies as leaders in digital citizenship and education policy.
EN: Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'concluded'. It reports what the speaker said or decided.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama sebagai objek: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa nama yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'concluded'. Ia digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang dikatakan atau disimpulkan oleh penutur.
The teacher explained that the exam would be postponed.
Guru menjelaskan bahawa peperiksaan akan ditangguhkan.
EN: Gerund after Preposition: The word 'sharing' is a gerund (verb + -ing) used after the preposition 'before'. In English, prepositions must be followed by a noun or a gerund.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund selepas preposisi: 'sharing' ialah gerund (kata kerja + -ing) yang digunakan selepas preposisi 'before'. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, preposisi mesti diikuti oleh kata nama atau gerund.
Always wash your hands before eating dinner.
Pastikan anda mencuci tangan sebelum makan malam.
EN: In Western academic and journalistic contexts, emphasizing 'personal responsibility' in media consumption is a key part of 'Media Literacy' (the ability to critically analyze information).
EN: The Subjunctive Mood with 'recommend': When verbs like 'recommend', 'suggest', or 'insist' are used to express a proposal, the following 'that' clause often uses the base form of the verb or 'should' + base form. This is used to indicate necessity or a desired action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suasana subjungtif selepas kata kerja cadangan: Apabila kata kerja seperti 'recommend' (mengesyorkan), 'suggest' (mencadangkan), atau 'insist' (menegaskan) digunakan untuk menyatakan cadangan, klausa 'that' yang mengikutinya biasanya menggunakan kata kerja dasar atau 'should' + kata kerja dasar. Ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan keperluan atau tindakan yang diharapkan.
The doctor recommended that he get more sleep.
Doktor mengesyorkan bahawa dia perlu tidur lebih banyak.
EN: Parallel Structure: When using coordinating conjunctions like 'and', the phrases connected should have the same grammatical form. Here, 'check multiple sources' and 'look for evidence' are both base verb phrases following 'should'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur selari: Apabila menggunakan kata hubung koordinat seperti 'and', frasa yang disambungkan harus mempunyai bentuk tatabahasa yang sama. Dalam ayat ini, 'check multiple sources' (memeriksa pelbagai sumber) dan 'look for evidence' (mencari bukti) kedua-duanya ialah frasa kata kerja dasar yang mengikuti 'should'.
She likes to read books and watch movies.
Dia suka membaca buku dan menonton filem.
EN: In Western academic and journalistic contexts, 'media literacy' is a critical skill. The emphasis on 'multiple sources' reflects a cultural value placed on critical thinking and skepticism toward single-source information, which is increasingly taught in schools to combat misinformation.
EN: The Future Perfect Passive (will have been + past participle) is used to describe an action that will be completed or finished by a specific point in the future, emphasizing the result rather than the process.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala pasif sempurna masa hadapan (will have been + kata kerja lampau) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum titik masa tertentu pada masa hadapan, menekankan hasil dan bukannya proses.
By next month, the new bridge will have been completed.
Menjelang bulan hadapan, jambatan baharu itu akan siap dibina.
EN: The phrase 'By the time' introduces a time clause indicating a deadline. When referring to the future, the verb in the 'by the time' clause is usually in the simple present tense.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'By the time' memperkenalkan klausa masa yang menunjukkan tarikh akhir. Apabila merujuk kepada masa hadapan, kata kerja dalam klausa 'by the time' biasanya menggunakan kala kini mudah.
By the time you arrive, the movie will have started.
Apabila awak tiba, filem itu sudah pun bermula.
EN: In academic and formal reporting, the use of the passive voice (e.g., 'improvements will have been made') is common to maintain an objective tone, focusing on the results rather than the specific people performing the actions.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Membezakan atau mengenal pasti perbezaan antara dua perkara.
Dalam konteks: Maklumat yang salah atau mengelirukan, biasanya merujuk kepada berita palsu yang tersebar tanpa disengajakan.
Dalam konteks: Prasangka atau berat sebelah, merujuk kepada kecenderungan yang tidak adil terhadap seseorang, sesuatu, atau sesuatu pandangan.
Dalam konteks: Kebolehan membaca dan menulis, dalam konteks ini merujuk kepada pemahaman dan aplikasi dalam bidang tertentu (seperti media).
Dalam konteks: Kurikulum sekolah (bentuk jamak bagi curriculum).
Dalam konteks: Secara kritis, merujuk kepada menilai dengan teliti dan objektif.
Dalam konteks: Mengesahkan atau menyemak kebenaran sesuatu.
Dalam konteks: Inisiatif, program baharu, atau tindakan yang diambil secara proaktif.
Dalam konteks: Berjanji secara rasmi atau bersumpah untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Dalam konteks: Boleh dipercayai, boleh diharap.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To investigate an issue in order to verify the facts.
semakan fakta
To help to cause or bring about something.
menyumbang kepada, menyebabkan, membantu membawa kepada
To take action to reduce the difference or deficiency between two things.
menangani jurang, merapatkan jurang
To search for facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true.
mencari bukti
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms.
Literasi media
The primary researcher who is credited with the majority of the work and writing in a published study.
Penulis utama
To take action to deal with a deficiency or a lack of something (knowledge, skills, or services).
Menangani jurang / Mengisi kekosongan
To examine something using careful judgment and objective analysis, rather than just finding faults.
Menilai secara kritis