EN: Gerunds (Verb + -ing) can be used as nouns to represent an activity or a topic. In this title, 'Reading' and 'Leaving' act as names for these actions.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund (kata kerja + -ing) boleh digunakan sebagai kata nama untuk mewakili aktiviti atau topik. Dalam tajuk ini, "Reading" dan "Leaving" mewakili nama bagi tindakan-tindakan ini.
Swimming is my favorite sport.
Berenang ialah sukan kegemaran saya.
EN: In the digital age, 'leaving a review' is a common social and commercial practice. It's often encouraged by businesses to build trust with new customers.
EN: To ask a 'Yes/No' question in the present tense with an action verb, start the sentence with 'Do' (for I/you/we/they) or 'Does' (for he/she/it).
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam kala kini, untuk bertanya soalan "ya/tidak" dengan kata kerja tindakan, gunakan kata bantu Do (dengan I/you/we/they) atau Does (dengan he/she/it) pada permulaan ayat.
Do you like apples?
Adakah anda suka epal?
EN: In modern digital culture, reading reviews is a standard step before purchasing products or visiting places. Writing reviews is seen as a way to contribute to the community.
EN: The word 'do' is used here as a substitute verb to avoid repeating the previous action (reading or writing reviews).
Bahasa Melayu: Di sini, 'do' digunakan sebagai kata kerja ganti untuk menggantikan tindakan yang disebut sebelum ini (membaca atau menulis ulasan), bagi mengelakkan pengulangan.
I like apples, and my friends do too.
Saya suka epal, dan kawan-kawan saya juga suka.
EN: The phrase 'and more' is used at the end of a list to show that there are other similar things that are not mentioned.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "and more" digunakan di hujung senarai untuk menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perkara lain yang serupa tetapi tidak disebut, bersamaan dengan "dan sebagainya" atau "dan lain-lain" dalam bahasa Melayu.
This shop sells bread, milk, eggs, and more.
Kedai ini menjual roti, susu, telur, dan sebagainya.
EN: In modern digital culture, 'apps' is the standard short form for 'applications', specifically referring to software on mobile devices.
EN: Using '-ing' at the beginning of a sentence turns an action into a noun (Gerund), which can act as the subject of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan kata kerja '-ing' pada permulaan ayat menukarkan tindakan kepada kata nama (Gerund) yang berfungsi sebagai subjek ayat.
Eating healthy food makes you strong.
Makan makanan yang sihat akan menjadikan anda kuat.
EN: In modern digital culture, reading reviews is a standard step before purchasing. This sentence reflects the 'social proof' concept where people rely on others' experiences.
EN: To ask a 'Yes/No' question with a regular verb like 'want', we put 'Do' at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Untuk bertanya soalan 'Ya/Tidak' dengan kata kerja biasa seperti 'want', kita letakkan 'Do' pada permulaan ayat, diikuti oleh subjek.
Do they like the food?
Adakah mereka suka makanan ini?
EN: In English-speaking consumer culture, reading reviews is a standard step before making a purchase, reflecting a 'smart shopper' mindset.
EN: To form a question in the present tense with verbs like 'want', use 'Do' at the beginning of the sentence for the subjects 'I', 'you', 'we', and 'they'.
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam kala kini, apabila subjeknya ialah I, you, we, they, kita letakkan kata bantu Do pada permulaan ayat untuk membentuk soalan.
Do they want to watch a movie?
Adakah mereka mahu menonton wayang?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, checking online reviews before choosing a restaurant is a very common habit. Asking 'Do they want to eat at the restaurant?' often implies checking if the group agrees with the restaurant's reputation or menu.
EN: The phrase 'not every' is used to show that something is true for some cases, but not for all of them. This is called partial negation.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "not every" digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu itu benar untuk sesetengah kes, tetapi tidak untuk semua kes. Ini dipanggil penafian separa.
Not every student likes homework.
Bukan setiap pelajar suka kerja rumah.
EN: In online culture, 'fair' reviews are highly valued because they provide balanced feedback. This sentence encourages critical thinking when consuming internet content.
EN: The word 'some' is used here as a pronoun to replace 'some reviews' to avoid repetition.
Bahasa Melayu: Di sini, 'some' digunakan sebagai kata ganti nama untuk menggantikan "sesetengah ulasan" bagi mengelakkan pengulangan perkataan yang telah disebut.
Many books are good, but some are boring.
Banyak buku sangat bagus, tetapi sesetengahnya membosankan.
EN: In online culture, 'mean' comments are often referred to as 'trolling' or 'hate speech' if they are excessive. The sentence encourages critical thinking when consuming internet content.
EN: The 'If' clause is used to talk about a possible situation. When the main part of the sentence is a command (Imperative), it gives advice or instructions based on that situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa 'If' digunakan untuk menerangkan situasi yang mungkin berlaku. Apabila bahagian utama ayat ialah ayat perintah (ayat arahan), ia memberikan nasihat atau arahan berdasarkan situasi tersebut.
If you are tired, go to sleep.
Jika anda letih, pergilah tidur.
EN: The phrase 'think for yourself' is a common English idiom encouraging critical thinking and independence, especially in the age of internet information overload.
EN: Use 'Can' at the beginning of a sentence to ask about ability or possibility. The main verb that follows should be in its base form.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "Can" pada permulaan ayat untuk bertanya tentang kebolehan atau kemungkinan. Kata kerja utama yang mengikutinya mesti dalam bentuk dasar.
Can you help me?
Bolehkah anda membantu saya?
EN: In the context of online reviews, 'trust' refers to whether the information is authentic or if the reviewer is being biased or fake.
EN: The sentence uses 'If' to set a condition, followed by an imperative (a command or advice) starting with 'be'.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'If' untuk menetapkan syarat, diikuti oleh ayat perintah (arahan atau nasihat) yang bermula dengan 'be'.
If you are tired, go to sleep.
Jika anda letih, pergilah tidur.
EN: In online culture, being 'honest and polite' is part of 'netiquette' (internet etiquette). It encourages constructive feedback rather than simple negativity.
EN: The conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or opposite idea.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "but" digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa bebas yang menunjukkan kontras atau makna yang bertentangan.
I like apples, but I don't like oranges.
Saya suka epal, tetapi saya tidak suka oren.
EN: In the digital age, online reviews are a significant part of social interaction. This sentence reflects the ethical responsibility of digital citizenship—being honest but remaining respectful to avoid 'cyberbullying' or unnecessary emotional harm.
EN: In English, titles or labels often use a noun followed by a letter or number to identify a specific part of a series.
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam bahasa Inggeris, tajuk atau label selalunya menggunakan kata nama diikuti oleh huruf atau nombor untuk mengenal pasti bahagian tertentu dalam siri.
Unit B
Unit B
EN: In English textbooks and learning materials, 'Conversation A' is a standard way to label the first dialogue in a lesson.
EN: The word 'Hey' is an informal greeting used to get someone's attention or say hello to friends and family.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan "Hey" ialah sapaan tidak formal yang digunakan untuk menarik perhatian seseorang atau memberi salam kepada rakan dan keluarga.
Hey, Sarah!
Hei, Sarah!
EN: In English-speaking cultures, using 'Hey' followed by a first name is very common among peers and friends, but it might be considered too casual for formal situations or when addressing elders.
EN: The Present Continuous tense (be + verb-ing) is used to ask about actions happening right now.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini berterusan (kata kerja be + kata kerja-ing) digunakan untuk bertanya tentang tindakan yang sedang berlaku sekarang.
What are you eating?
Apa yang anda makan?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'What are you doing?' is a very common way to start a conversation, similar to 'How's it going?' but more focused on the current activity.
EN: The Present Continuous tense (am/is/are + verb-ing) is used to describe an action that is happening right now.
Bahasa Melayu: Present Continuous tense (am/is/are + kata kerja-ing) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang sedang berlaku pada masa ini.
I am watching a movie now.
Saya sedang menonton filem sekarang.
EN: In the digital age, 'reading reviews' is a common daily activity before buying products or watching content, reflecting a culture that values peer feedback.
EN: Use 'How are + plural subject' to ask about the condition, quality, or status of multiple things or people.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "How are + subjek majmuk" untuk bertanya tentang keadaan, kualiti, atau status beberapa perkara atau orang.
How are your parents?
Bagaimana keadaan ibu bapa anda?
EN: In English, 'How are they?' is a common follow-up question to show interest in what someone just mentioned, whether it's people, objects, or feedback.
EN: Using 'one' as a pronoun to avoid repeating a noun (reviews).
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan "one" sebagai kata ganti nama untuk mengelakkan pengulangan kata nama (reviews).
I have many pens, but this one is my favorite.
Saya ada banyak pen, tetapi yang ini ialah kegemaran saya.
EN: In online culture, reviews are essential for businesses. However, 'trolling' or leaving mean reviews without reason is common, which is why the text advises to 'think for yourself'.
EN: The verb 'call' can be used with an object and an adjective/noun to describe or label something. In this pattern, 'call + object + adjective' means to say that someone or something has a certain quality.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "call" boleh digunakan dengan "objek + kata sifat/kata nama" untuk menerangkan atau menandakan sesuatu. Dalam pola ayat ini, "call + objek + kata sifat" bermaksud mengatakan seseorang atau sesuatu mempunyai sifat tertentu.
They called the movie boring.
Mereka kata filem itu membosankan.
EN: In English, 'no good' is an informal way to say something is of poor quality or useless. When used in reviews, it is a direct and blunt criticism.
EN: The word 'mean' is used as an adjective here to describe someone's behavior or comments as unkind or cruel.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'mean' digunakan di sini sebagai kata sifat untuk menerangkan tingkah laku atau komen seseorang yang tidak mesra atau kejam.
Don't be mean to your little brother.
Jangan bersikap kejam terhadap adik lelaki kamu.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, calling something 'mean' is a common way to express that a comment or action is unnecessarily hurtful, especially in social media or interpersonal contexts.
EN: To ask a question about the past, we start the sentence with 'Did' followed by the subject and the base form of the verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Untuk bertanya soalan tentang masa lampau, kita mulakan ayat dengan kata bantu "Did" diikuti oleh subjek dan kata kerja dasar.
Did you see the movie?
Adakah anda menonton filem itu?
EN: In Western culture, constructive criticism is valued. When someone leaves a 'bad' review without giving reasons, it is often seen as unhelpful or 'trolling'.
EN: This is a short answer using the auxiliary verb 'did' in its negative form 'didn't' to refer back to a previous question in the past tense.
Bahasa Melayu: Ini ialah jawapan ringkas menggunakan kata bantu 'did' dalam bentuk negatifnya 'didn't', digunakan untuk menjawab soalan dalam kala lampau.
Did you see the movie? No, I didn't.
Adakah anda pernah menonton filem itu? Tidak, saya belum.
EN: In English, short answers like 'No, it didn't' are considered more polite and natural than just saying 'No'.
EN: The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object and the base form of a verb (without 'to'). It means to allow something to happen.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "let" ialah kata kerja kausatif yang diikuti oleh objek dan kata kerja dasar (tanpa to), bermaksud "membiarkan" atau "membenarkan" sesuatu berlaku.
Don't let the rain stop our plans.
Jangan biarkan hujan ini menghalang rancangan kita.
EN: In the digital age, 'reviews' are a major part of social interaction. This sentence reflects a common piece of advice to maintain mental well-being despite online criticism.
EN: Using 'and' to connect two descriptions or actions. When the subject is the same, we don't need to repeat it after 'and'.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan 'and' untuk menyambungkan dua penerangan atau tindakan. Apabila subjeknya sama, kita tidak perlu mengulangi subjek selepas 'and'.
He is tired and wants to sleep.
Dia letih dan mahu tidur.
EN: In online contexts, people who post angry or negative comments without reason are sometimes called 'trolls'. This sentence encourages readers to recognize that such behavior often reflects the writer's mood rather than the quality of the work.
EN: Using 'That's' (That is) to agree with a statement. It is a common way to show you think what someone just said is correct.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan "That's" (That is) untuk bersetuju dengan kenyataan seseorang. Ini ialah cara biasa untuk menunjukkan bahawa anda fikir apa yang dikatakan oleh orang itu sebentar tadi adalah betul.
That's right.
Itu betul.
EN: In English conversations, saying 'That's true' is a polite way to acknowledge someone's point, even if you don't fully agree with everything they say. It helps keep the conversation friendly.
EN: This is a noun phrase used as a title or label. In English, when labeling items with letters, the letter follows the noun (Noun + Letter).
Bahasa Melayu: Ini ialah frasa nama yang digunakan sebagai tajuk atau label. Dalam bahasa Inggeris, apabila menggunakan huruf untuk menandakan item, huruf itu diletakkan selepas kata nama (kata nama + huruf).
Question A
Soalan A
EN: In English learning materials, 'Conversation A' and 'Conversation B' are standard ways to organize different dialogue practices.
EN: Using 'When' to start a sentence helps you talk about the time or situation when something happens. It connects two parts of a sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan "When" untuk memulakan ayat membantu anda membincangkan masa atau situasi apabila sesuatu berlaku. Ia digunakan untuk menyambungkan dua bahagian ayat.
When I go home, I eat dinner.
Apabila saya pulang ke rumah, saya akan makan malam.
EN: In many cultures, online reviews are taken very seriously. Being 'fair and honest' is considered a social responsibility to help other consumers make good choices.
EN: Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to explain the purpose or reason why someone does something.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "to + kata kerja" (infinitif) untuk menerangkan tujuan atau sebab seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
I study hard to get good grades.
Saya belajar bersungguh-sungguh untuk mendapat keputusan yang baik.
EN: In Western culture, 'constructive criticism' is valued. Writing a bad review isn't always seen as mean if the goal is to provide honest feedback that helps a business or creator get better.
EN: Using 'aren't so + adjective' is a common way to describe a negative quality in a slightly softer way than saying 'are bad'.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan "aren't so + kata sifat" ialah cara biasa untuk menerangkan kualiti negatif dengan nada yang lebih lembut sedikit berbanding terus berkata "sangat buruk".
The weather today isn't so warm.
Cuaca hari ini tidak begitu panas.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, using 'not so' or 'not very' is often preferred over direct negative adjectives (like 'mean' or 'rude') to remain polite or less confrontational.
EN: The word 'hurt' is an irregular verb. Its past tense form is the same as its present tense form: hurt-hurt-hurt. In this sentence, it is used in the past tense to describe a past feeling.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'hurt' ialah kata kerja tidak tetap. Bentuk kala lampaunya sama dengan bentuk kala kini: hurt-hurt-hurt. Dalam ayat ini, ia digunakan sebagai kala lampau untuk menerangkan perasaan pada masa lalu.
My legs hurt after the long walk yesterday.
Selepas perjalanan jauh semalam, kaki saya sakit.
EN: In English, 'hurt' can describe both physical pain and emotional pain. In the context of reviews, it refers to the emotional impact of negative comments.
EN: The pattern 'spend + time + V-ing' is used to say how much time someone uses to do a specific activity.
Bahasa Melayu: Menggunakan pola "spend + masa + V-ing" untuk menyatakan berapa banyak masa yang digunakan oleh seseorang untuk melakukan aktiviti tertentu.
She spent all afternoon reading a book.
Dia menghabiskan sepanjang petang membaca buku.
EN: In digital content creation, emphasizing the 'hours' spent is a common way to express frustration when receiving unhelpful or mean criticism, highlighting the gap between the creator's effort and the reviewer's lack of empathy.
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give commands, advice, or suggestions. They usually start with a verb and the subject 'you' is omitted.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat perintah digunakan untuk memberi arahan, nasihat, atau cadangan. Ia biasanya bermula dengan kata kerja dan menggugurkan subjek "anda".
Just do your best.
Cuba sedaya upaya sahaja.
EN: In online contexts, 'ignore it' is common advice for dealing with 'trolls' or mean comments, reflecting the idea that responding often makes the situation worse.
EN: The auxiliary verb 'will' is used here as a short answer to show agreement or promise to do something mentioned previously. In this context, it stands for 'I will ignore it'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata bantu 'will' digunakan di sini sebagai jawapan ringkas untuk menunjukkan persetujuan atau janji untuk melakukan perkara yang disebut sebelum ini. Dalam konteks ini, ia bermaksud "saya akan (abaikannya)".
Will you help me? I will.
Adakah anda akan menolong saya? Ya, saya akan.
EN: In English conversations, short responses like 'I will' or 'I do' are very common to avoid repeating the entire verb phrase, making the speech sound more natural and fluent.
EN: In negative sentences, we use 'anything' instead of 'something' to mean 'any part' or 'any thing'.
Bahasa Melayu: Dalam ayat negatif, kita menggunakan 'anything' dan bukannya 'something' untuk bermaksud "apa-apa benda" atau "sebarang benda".
I don't have anything to eat.
Saya tiada apa-apa untuk dimakan.
EN: In English, when giving feedback, it is common to distinguish between 'constructive criticism' (helpful) and 'mean comments' (not helpful). This sentence highlights that the review lacked constructive value.
EN: The word 'most' is used to talk about the majority of a group (more than half). When followed by a plural noun like 'people', it takes a plural verb like 'like'.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'most' digunakan untuk membincangkan majoriti sesuatu kumpulan (lebih daripada separuh). Apabila diikuti oleh kata nama majmuk (seperti people), kata kerja juga perlu dalam bentuk majmuk (seperti like).
Most students enjoy the summer holidays.
Kebanyakan pelajar suka cuti musim panas.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, it is common to use positive reinforcement to help someone deal with negative feedback or 'trolls' online.
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a verb ending in '-ing' means to continue doing an action without stopping.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "keep" diikuti oleh kata kerja yang berakhir dengan "-ing" bermaksud meneruskan sesuatu tindakan tanpa berhenti.
Keep studying hard.
Teruskan usaha belajar.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'Keep going' is a very common way to encourage someone who is working hard or facing a challenge, similar to 'Don't give up'.
EN: Use 'Thanks for' followed by a verb ending in '-ing' to thank someone for a specific action.
Bahasa Melayu: Gunakan "Thanks for" diikuti dengan kata kerja yang berakhir dengan '-ing' untuk berterima kasih kepada seseorang atas tindakan tertentu yang dilakukan.
Thanks for helping me with my homework.
Terima kasih kerana membantu saya dengan kerja rumah.
EN: In Western culture, it is common to use someone's first name to show appreciation and build a friendly connection.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: ulasan, penilaian
Dalam konteks: adil, saksama
Dalam konteks: percaya, mempercayai
Dalam konteks: jujur, ikhlas
Dalam konteks: menggalakkan, memberi dorongan
Dalam konteks: menjadikan tawar hati, menghilangkan keyakinan
Dalam konteks: Mengadu atau merungut
Dalam konteks: memperbaiki, memajukan
Dalam konteks: mengabaikan, tidak menghiraukan
Dalam konteks: berguna, bermanfaat
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To form your own opinions rather than just believing what others say.
Berfikir sendiri
Of poor quality; useless or bad.
Tidak berguna, tidak baik
To continue doing something despite difficulties.
Teruskan usaha, teruskan melangkah