EN: The past participle phrase 'linked to...' functions as an adjectival modifier (reduced relative clause) providing additional information about the subject. It is equivalent to 'who is/was linked to'.
The evidence linked to the crime was discovered in the basement.
EN: The verb 'plead' is used in legal contexts with the pattern 'plead guilty/not guilty to [charge]'. It indicates a formal statement in court.
The defendant decided to plead guilty to the charges of fraud.
Terdakwa memutuskan untuk mengaku bersalah atas tuduhan penipuan.
EN: Appositives (e.g., 'a sixty-year-old Canadian man...') are used to rename or describe a noun immediately preceding them, often set off by commas to provide non-essential but descriptive detail.
Bahasa Indonesia: Apositif (misalnya, "a sixty-year-old Canadian man...") digunakan untuk menamai ulang atau mendeskripsikan kata benda yang tepat berada di depannya, biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, memberikan detail yang tidak esensial namun deskriptif.
Mr. Smith, a veteran teacher at our school, is retiring next month.
Tuan Smith, seorang guru senior di sekolah kami, akan pensiun bulan depan.
EN: In common law systems like those in Canada and the UK, 'pleading guilty' is a formal step that often leads directly to sentencing, bypassing a full trial. The mention of 'fourteen fatal poisonings' highlights the gravity of the case within the legal system.
EN: The Past Perfect tense ('had operated') is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past. In this context, it establishes the background of Law's criminal activities prior to the legal proceedings mentioned in the text.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau sebelum tindakan masa lalu lainnya. Dalam konteks ini, ini membangun latar belakang aktivitas kriminal "Law" sebelum menghadapi tuntutan hukum.
By the time the police arrived, the suspect had already deleted all the digital evidence.
Ketika polisi tiba, tersangka telah menghapus semua bukti digital.
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' preceded by the preposition 'through' creates a formal relative clause. 'Through which' indicates the medium or means (the network of storefronts) by which the main action (selling substances) was performed.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'through' diikuti oleh kata ganti relatif 'which' membentuk klausa relatif formal. "Through which" menunjukkan media atau sarana (jaringan toko) melalui mana tindakan utama (menjual zat) dilakukan.
The company established a platform through which users could share their experiences.
Perusahaan tersebut membangun platform di mana pengguna dapat berbagi pengalaman mereka.
EN: The phrase 'more than' is used as a quantifier to indicate a number exceeding a specific amount. In formal news reporting, it is often preferred over 'over' to maintain a precise and objective tone.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'more than' digunakan sebagai kuantifier untuk menunjukkan jumlah yang melebihi jumlah tertentu. Dalam laporan berita formal, frasa ini lebih disukai daripada 'over' untuk menjaga nada yang tepat dan objektif.
More than fifty witnesses were interviewed during the investigation.
Lebih dari lima puluh saksi diwawancarai selama penyelidikan.
EN: The term 'vulnerable individuals' in a legal and social context often refers to people who are at a higher risk of harm due to their mental health, age, or personal circumstances. In this case, it specifically points to those struggling with suicidal ideation who were targeted by Law's business.
EN: The use of 'that' as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'revealed'. This is common in reporting findings or speech.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'that' sebagai konjungsi untuk memperkenalkan klausa kata yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'revealed'. Ini sangat umum dalam melaporkan hasil penyelidikan atau menyatakan fakta.
The report revealed that the company had ignored safety warnings.
Laporan tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa perusahaan mengabaikan peringatan keselamatan.
EN: The 'with + noun + participle/adjective' structure (absolute construction) is used here to provide additional circumstantial information or detail about the preceding clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'with + kata benda + partisip/adjektiva' (konstruksi absolut) digunakan di sini untuk memberikan detail tambahan atau informasi kontekstual tentang klausa sebelumnya.
The meeting ended, with many questions still left unanswered.
Rapat telah selesai, dengan banyak pertanyaan yang belum terjawab.
EN: The past participle 'destined' functions as an adjective here, meaning 'intended for a specific destination'. It is often followed by the preposition 'for'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Partisip lampau 'destined' berfungsi sebagai adjektiva di sini, yang berarti 'ditujukan untuk pergi ke suatu tempat'. Biasanya diikuti oleh preposisi 'for'.
The cargo was destined for a remote island in the Pacific.
Kiriman ini ditujukan untuk sebuah pulau terpencil di Samudra Pasifik.
EN: The mention of 'Ontario' and the 'United Kingdom/United States' highlights the international scope of modern cybercrime. In legal contexts, 'revealed' is often used by authorities to present evidence found during an investigation.
EN: This sentence uses an inverted structure where the prepositional phrase 'Among Law's victims' is placed at the beginning for emphasis, followed by the verb 'was' and then the subject 'Aimee Walton'. This is common in formal writing to create a smooth transition from the previous context.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan struktur terbalik di mana frasa preposisi 'Among Law's victims' ditempatkan di awal kalimat untuk penekanan, diikuti oleh kata kerja 'was', dan akhirnya subjek 'Aimee Walton'. Struktur ini umum dalam penulisan formal untuk menghubungkan konteks.
Among the guests was a famous actor from Hollywood.
Di antara para tamu adalah seorang aktor terkenal dari Hollywood.
EN: The phrase 'a young woman from Southampton' acts as an appositive, providing additional information about the proper noun 'Aimee Walton'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'a young woman from Southampton' berfungsi sebagai aposisi, memberikan informasi tambahan tentang nama diri 'Aimee Walton'.
Mr. Smith, a teacher at our school, won the marathon.
Tuan Smith, seorang guru di sekolah kami, memenangkan maraton.
EN: The relative clause 'who loved music and art' uses the relative pronoun 'who' to modify the noun 'woman', providing descriptive detail about her character.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif "who loved music and art" menggunakan kata ganti relatif "who" untuk memodifikasi kata benda "woman", memberikan detail deskriptif tentang karakternya.
I have a friend who speaks five languages fluently.
Saya punya seorang teman yang bisa berbicara lima bahasa dengan lancar.
EN: Southampton is a major port city on the south coast of England. Mentioning a victim's specific hometown and personal interests (music and art) is a common journalistic technique to 'humanize' the story, moving it from abstract statistics to a personal tragedy.
EN: The Past Perfect Passive ('had been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past, emphasizing that the subject was the recipient of the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif past perfect ('had been' + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu, dan menekankan bahwa subjek adalah penerima tindakan tersebut.
The documents had been shredded before the investigators arrived.
Dokumen-dokumen telah dihancurkan sebelum para penyelidik tiba.
EN: The relative clause starting with 'that glorified suicide' uses the relative pronoun 'that' to provide essential information about the preceding noun 'online forum'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif yang dimulai dengan 'that glorified suicide' menggunakan kata ganti relatif 'that' untuk memberikan informasi penting tentang anteseden 'online forum' (forum online).
He visited a website that promoted healthy living.
Dia mengunjungi situs web yang mempromosikan gaya hidup sehat.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'before purchasing' uses the gerund (-ing form) after the preposition 'before' to indicate the sequence of events without repeating the subject.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisional 'before purchasing' menggunakan gerund (bentuk -ing) setelah preposisi 'before' untuk menunjukkan urutan peristiwa tanpa perlu mengulang subjek.
Always read the instructions before operating the machinery.
Sebelum mengoperasikan mesin, pastikan untuk membaca petunjuknya.
EN: The term 'groomed' in this context refers to a predatory process where someone builds a relationship and trust with a vulnerable person to manipulate or exploit them, often leading to harmful outcomes. This case highlights the growing concern over digital safety and the role of online communities in radicalizing or endangering individuals.
EN: Inversion in conditional sentences (Third Conditional) is used to express hypothetical past situations. By omitting 'if' and placing the auxiliary verb 'had' before the subject, the tone becomes more formal and literary.
Bahasa Indonesia: Inversi dalam kalimat kondisional (Third Conditional) digunakan untuk mengekspresikan hipotesis yang berlawanan dengan fakta masa lalu. Dengan menghilangkan "if" dan menempatkan kata kerja bantu "had" sebelum subjek, nadanya menjadi lebih formal dan sastrawi.
Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended.
Seandainya saya tahu tentang rapat itu saat itu, saya akan menghadirinya.
EN: Mixed Conditionals (Type 3 + Type 2) are used when a past action or condition has a continuing result in the present. Here, 'had intervened' (past) is paired with 'might still be alive' (present state).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat kondisional campuran (Tipe 3 + Tipe 2) digunakan ketika tindakan atau kondisi masa lalu memiliki dampak berkelanjutan pada masa kini. Dalam kalimat ini, "had intervened" (intervensi yang terjadi di masa lalu) dipasangkan dengan "might still be alive" (status keberadaan saat ini).
If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would feel better now.
Jika dia minum obatnya kemarin, dia akan merasa lebih baik sekarang.
EN: Parenthetical insertion (interrupter) involves placing a phrase like 'her family argued' in the middle of a sentence to provide attribution or context without changing the core grammatical structure.
Bahasa Indonesia: Sisipan dalam kurung (interrupter) melibatkan penempatan frasa seperti "her family argued" di tengah kalimat untuk memberikan sumber atau informasi latar belakang tanpa mengubah struktur gramatikal inti.
The results, the researchers claimed, were statistically significant.
Para peneliti mengklaim bahwa hasil-hasil ini signifikan secara statistik.
EN: The use of 'argued' in a legal or news context often implies a formal statement or a position taken by a party in a dispute, rather than a simple disagreement. It highlights the family's active pursuit of accountability against institutions.
EN: The modal construction 'would have + past participle' is used here to express a hypothetical situation in the past—something that was expected or intended to happen but did not occur because of a tragic intervention.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur kata kerja modal "would have + past participle" digunakan di sini untuk mengekspresikan suasana subjungtif di masa lalu, menggambarkan situasi yang awalnya diharapkan atau direncanakan terjadi, tetapi tidak terwujud karena suatu perubahan (dalam hal ini, tragedi).
If the flight hadn't been cancelled, he would have arrived by now.
Jika penerbangan tidak dibatalkan, dia seharusnya sudah tiba sekarang.
EN: The word 'that' introduces a relative clause providing additional information about the 'milestone'. The use of 'now serves as' indicates a shift in the function or perception of an event over time.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata "that" memperkenalkan klausa relatif yang memberikan informasi tambahan tentang "milestone (tonggak sejarah)". Penggunaan "now serves as (kini berfungsi sebagai)" menunjukkan bahwa fungsi atau persepsi suatu peristiwa telah berubah seiring waktu.
The old factory now serves as a contemporary art gallery.
Pabrik tua ini kini berfungsi sebagai galeri seni kontemporer.
EN: The mention of a 'twenty-fifth birthday' as a 'milestone' reflects the cultural significance of quarter-century birthdays in many Western societies, often seen as a transition into full adulthood. The term 'institutional failure' in this context refers to the perceived negligence of police and government bodies in protecting vulnerable citizens from online harm.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have long maintained') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing a persistent stance or belief. The adverb 'long' is placed between the auxiliary verb and the past participle.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present perfect tense ('have long maintained') digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, menekankan posisi atau keyakinan yang bertahan lama. Kata keterangan 'long' ditempatkan di antara kata kerja bantu dan past participle.
Environmentalists have long maintained that urgent action is needed to combat climate change.
Para aktivis lingkungan telah lama mempertahankan bahwa tindakan mendesak diperlukan untuk memerangi perubahan iklim.
EN: The passive voice in the past tense ('were dismissed') shifts the focus from the actors (police and government) to the warnings themselves. This is common in formal reporting to emphasize the impact on the subject.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif dalam bentuk lampau ('were dismissed') mengalihkan fokus dari pelaku (polisi dan pemerintah) ke peringatan itu sendiri. Ini umum dalam laporan formal untuk menekankan dampak pada subjek.
The concerns raised by the local community were dismissed by the developers.
Kekhawatiran yang diajukan oleh komunitas lokal diabaikan oleh pengembang.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to link two equivalent elements (police and government officials), emphasizing that the action applies to both parties equally.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi korelatif 'both... and...' digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua elemen yang setara (polisi dan pejabat pemerintah), menekankan bahwa tindakan tersebut berlaku sama untuk keduanya.
The new policy was supported by both the ruling party and the opposition.
Kebijakan baru ini didukung oleh partai yang berkuasa dan partai oposisi.
EN: In the context of British and international legal discourse, 'bereaved families' often refers to those who have lost loved ones and are seeking justice or systemic change. The term 'dismissed' here carries a heavy connotation of institutional neglect, suggesting that the authorities did not take the warnings seriously enough to act.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has solidified') is used here to describe a past action or change that has a direct result or relevance to the current situation. The verb 'solidify' metaphorically describes an abstract feeling (frustration) becoming a concrete action (a demand).
Bahasa Indonesia: Present perfect tense ('has solidified') digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan atau perubahan masa lalu yang memiliki dampak langsung atau korelasi dengan keadaan sekarang. Kata kerja 'solidify' (membeku, menguatkan) di sini secara metaforis mengubah emosi abstrak (frustrasi) menjadi tindakan konkret (tuntutan).
The initial rumors have now solidified into a major political scandal.
Rumor awal sekarang telah berkembang menjadi skandal politik besar.
EN: The preposition 'into' is used after verbs of change or transformation (like 'solidify', 'turn', 'transform') to indicate the resulting state or form.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'into' digunakan setelah kata kerja yang menunjukkan perubahan atau transformasi (seperti solidify, turn, transform) untuk menunjukkan hasil akhir atau bentuk setelah transformasi.
The protest evolved into a nationwide movement for reform.
Protes ini berkembang menjadi gerakan reformasi nasional.
EN: The noun 'inquiry' is frequently followed by the preposition 'into' to specify the subject being investigated. This is a common collocation in formal and legal English.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata benda 'inquiry' (penyelidikan) sering diikuti oleh preposisi 'into' untuk menentukan objek penyelidikan. Ini adalah kolokasi umum dalam bahasa Inggris formal dan hukum.
The government launched an inquiry into the cause of the plane crash.
Pemerintah meluncurkan penyelidikan terhadap penyebab kecelakaan pesawat.
EN: In the UK and other Commonwealth systems, a 'public inquiry' is a major official investigation ordered by the government into matters of intense public concern. It has more weight than a standard police report and often leads to significant changes in law or policy.
EN: The use of a non-defining relative clause (starting with 'where') provides additional descriptive information about 'pro-suicide forums' without changing its core identity. It is set off by commas.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan klausa relatif non-defining (dimulai dengan 'where') memberikan informasi deskriptif tambahan tentang "forum yang mendorong bunuh diri" tanpa mengubah identitas intinya. Klausa tersebut dipisahkan dengan koma.
The local community center, where many elderly people gather daily, is facing budget cuts.
Pusat komunitas setempat—tempat banyak lansia berkumpul setiap hari—sedang menghadapi pemotongan anggaran.
EN: The passive voice 'have been permitted' combined with the present perfect tense emphasizes a continuous state of neglect or allowance from the past up to the present moment.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif 'have been permitted' dikombinasikan dengan present perfect tense menekankan keadaan pengabaian atau izin yang terus berlanjut dari masa lalu hingga sekarang.
Illegal street racing has been permitted to continue despite numerous complaints.
Meskipun ada keluhan terus-menerus, balapan jalanan ilegal masih diizinkan untuk terus berlanjut.
EN: The adverb 'unchecked' functions as a complement to the verb 'operate', describing the manner in which the action occurs (without restraint or supervision).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata keterangan 'unchecked' berfungsi sebagai komplemen dari kata kerja 'operate', menggambarkan cara tindakan tersebut terjadi (tanpa kendali atau pengawasan).
The virus spread unchecked throughout the population for weeks.
Virus menyebar tanpa terkendali di antara populasi selama beberapa minggu.
EN: The term 'groomed' in this context refers to the psychological manipulation of vulnerable individuals, often online, to lead them toward self-harm or exploitation. This reflects a growing legal and social concern in the UK and other Western countries regarding 'digital harm' and the responsibility of platform moderators.
EN: Subject-Complement Inversion: In formal English, when an adjective phrase (like 'Equally pressing') acts as a subject complement, it can be moved to the beginning of the sentence for emphasis, causing the subject and verb to swap places.
Bahasa Indonesia: Inversi Subjek-Komplemen: Dalam bahasa Inggris formal, ketika frasa adjektiva (seperti 'Equally pressing') berfungsi sebagai komplemen subjek, frasa tersebut dapat dipindahkan ke awal kalimat untuk penekanan, sehingga subjek dan kata kerja bertukar posisi.
Included in the report are several recommendations for safety.
Laporan tersebut mencakup beberapa rekomendasi tentang keselamatan.
EN: Noun Clauses with 'How': The word 'how' introduces a subordinate noun clause that functions as the complement of the noun 'question'. It explains the content of the question in detail.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa kata benda dengan 'How': Kata 'how' memperkenalkan klausa kata benda subordinat yang berfungsi sebagai pelengkap dari kata benda 'question', menjelaskan secara rinci isi pertanyaan tersebut.
The mystery of how the thief entered the building remains unsolved.
Misteri tentang bagaimana pencuri memasuki gedung itu masih belum terpecahkan.
EN: Compound Adjectives with Adverbs: 'Loosely regulated' is a compound adjective formed by an adverb ending in '-ly' and a past participle. Note that adverbs ending in '-ly' do not take a hyphen when forming compound adjectives.
Bahasa Indonesia: Adjektiva majemuk dengan kata keterangan: 'Loosely regulated' adalah adjektiva majemuk yang terdiri dari kata keterangan berakhiran '-ly' dan partisip lampau. Perhatikan bahwa kata keterangan berakhiran '-ly' tidak perlu diberi tanda hubung ketika membentuk adjektiva majemuk.
The highly developed city attracts many tourists.
Kota yang sangat maju ini menarik banyak wisatawan.
EN: The phrase 'loosely regulated market' often appears in political and economic discourse to criticize a lack of government oversight. In the context of the internet, it refers to the 'Dark Web' or niche forums where illegal activities occur due to the difficulty of international policing.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have emphasised') is used here to indicate a past action that has strong relevance or continuing impact on the current situation, often used in news reporting to introduce recent developments.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present perfect tense ('have emphasised') digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan tindakan masa lalu yang memiliki kaitan kuat atau dampak berkelanjutan pada keadaan sekarang, sering digunakan dalam laporan berita untuk memperkenalkan perkembangan atau sudut pandang terbaru.
Experts have warned that the new policy could lead to unforeseen consequences.
Para ahli telah memperingatkan bahwa kebijakan baru ini dapat menyebabkan konsekuensi yang tidak terduga.
EN: The verb 'expose' is used figuratively to mean revealing something hidden or secret, particularly a weakness, flaw, or crime. In a C1 context, it often collocates with 'gaps', 'flaws', or 'vulnerabilities'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'expose' digunakan secara kiasan untuk berarti mengungkapkan sesuatu yang tersembunyi atau rahasia, terutama kelemahan, cacat, atau kejahatan. Dalam konteks tingkat C1, kata ini sering digunakan dengan 'gaps' (celah/kesenjangan), 'flaws' (cacat), atau 'vulnerabilities' (kerentanan).
The audit exposed several security flaws in the company's internal system.
Audit tersebut mengungkapkan beberapa celah keamanan dalam sistem internal perusahaan.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' serves as the direct object of the verb 'emphasised', allowing the speaker to present a complex statement or fact as the focus of the sentence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa kata benda yang dimulai dengan 'that' berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'emphasised', memungkinkan pembicara untuk membuat pernyataan atau fakta yang kompleks sebagai fokus inti kalimat.
The report concluded that immediate action is required to prevent further damage.
Laporan tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa tindakan segera diperlukan untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut.
EN: In the context of digital safety, 'oversight' refers to the regulatory supervision by government or independent bodies. The term 'advocates' highlights the role of non-governmental organizations and activist groups in shaping public policy and demanding accountability in Western legal and social systems.
EN: Inverted Conditional (Second Conditional): The sentence uses 'Were + subject + to-infinitive' to express a hypothetical situation in the present or future. This is a formal alternative to 'If governments were to implement...'. It emphasizes the remote possibility or formal tone.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat kondisional terbalik (Second Conditional): Kalimat ini menggunakan "Were + subjek + to-infinitif" untuk mengekspresikan hipotesis tentang situasi sekarang atau masa depan. Ini adalah alternatif formal dari "If governments were to implement...", menekankan bahwa hipotesis tersebut memiliki kemungkinan yang rendah atau digunakan dalam konteks formal.
Were the company to face bankruptcy, the employees would lose their jobs.
Seandainya perusahaan menghadapi kebangkrutan, para karyawan akan kehilangan pekerjaan.
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: 'Could potentially be averted' uses the structure 'modal + be + past participle'. It indicates that the action (averting tragedies) is possible but depends on the condition mentioned in the first clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif dengan kata kerja bantu: "Could potentially be averted" menggunakan struktur "kata kerja bantu + be + past participle". Ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan (mencegah tragedi) adalah mungkin, tetapi tergantung pada kondisi yang disebutkan dalam klausa sebelumnya.
The project could be completed ahead of schedule if we work together.
Jika kita bekerja sama, proyek ini dapat diselesaikan lebih awal.
EN: The sentence reflects a common theme in international law and safety debates: the tension between free trade/privacy and the need for government intervention to prevent crime. In the context of the UK and Canada, this highlights the challenges of regulating digital-age crimes that cross traditional borders.
EN: The use of 'which' introduces a non-restrictive relative clause, providing supplementary information about 'the sheer scale of Law's operation'. It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'which' memperkenalkan klausa relatif non-restriktif, memberikan informasi tambahan tentang "skala operasi Law". Klausa semacam ini biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, dan jika dihilangkan, makna inti kalimat tetap utuh.
The new policy, which was implemented last month, has already shown positive results.
Kebijakan baru yang diterapkan bulan lalu telah menunjukkan hasil yang positif.
EN: The word 'sheer' is an emphatic adjective used to emphasize the size, amount, or degree of something, often suggesting that the quality alone is enough to cause a particular effect.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata 'sheer' adalah adjektiva penekan yang digunakan untuk menekankan ukuran, jumlah, atau tingkat sesuatu, biasanya menyiratkan bahwa karakteristik itu sendiri cukup untuk menghasilkan efek tertentu (dalam bahasa Indonesia sering diterjemahkan sebagai "murni" atau "sepenuhnya").
The sheer volume of data made it impossible to analyze manually.
Jumlah data yang sangat besar membuat analisis manual menjadi tidak mungkin.
EN: The verb 'underscore' is a formal synonym for 'emphasize' or 'stress'. It literally means to draw a line under something, figuratively highlighting its importance.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'underscore' adalah sinonim formal untuk 'emphasize' atau 'stress'. Secara harfiah berarti "menggaris bawahi", dan secara kiasan berarti menekankan pentingnya sesuatu.
The recent accidents underscore the need for better safety regulations.
Kecelakaan baru-baru ini menekankan perlunya peraturan keselamatan yang lebih ketat.
EN: The term 'institutional accountability' in a British context often refers to the responsibility of public bodies (like the NHS, police, or government) to answer for failures. This case highlights a growing debate in the UK and globally about the legal responsibility of digital platforms and state authorities in preventing online-mediated crimes.
EN: Negative Inversion: When a sentence begins with a negative expression like 'Not only', the auxiliary verb (must, do, have, etc.) is placed before the subject. This structure is used for emphasis and is common in formal writing or high-level journalism.
Bahasa Indonesia: Inversi negatif: Ketika kalimat dimulai dengan ekspresi negatif seperti 'Not only', kata kerja bantu (seperti must, do, have, dll.) harus ditempatkan sebelum subjek. Struktur ini digunakan untuk penekanan, umum dalam penulisan formal atau laporan berita tingkat lanjut.
Not only did he complete the project on time, but he also exceeded all expectations.
Dia tidak hanya menyelesaikan proyek tepat waktu, tetapi juga melampaui semua ekspektasi.
EN: Passive Voice with Modals: The structure 'must be held' and 'should face' (though 'face' is active here, 'be held responsible' is passive) indicates necessity or obligation. 'Be held responsible' is a common collocation meaning to be made to answer for one's actions.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif dengan kata kerja modal: Struktur 'must be held' menunjukkan bahwa seseorang harus bertanggung jawab. Di sini, 'be held responsible' adalah kolokasi tetap yang berarti bahwa seseorang atau lembaga harus bertanggung jawab atas tindakan mereka.
The company should be held accountable for the environmental damage.
Perusahaan harus bertanggung jawab atas kerusakan lingkungan.
EN: Gerund after Prepositions: The word 'failing' is a gerund (verb+ing) acting as a noun after the preposition 'for'. It explains the reason for the 'scrutiny'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund setelah preposisi: Kata 'failing' adalah gerund (kata kerja+ing) yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda setelah preposisi 'for', digunakan untuk menjelaskan alasan untuk 'menghadapi pengawasan'.
He was criticized for failing to provide adequate evidence.
Dia dikritik karena gagal memberikan bukti yang cukup.
EN: The sentence reflects a growing global debate on the legal responsibility of digital platforms and logistics services. In many Western legal systems, 'common carriers' (like postal services) traditionally had limited liability for the contents of packages, but cases like 肯尼斯·勞's are pushing for stricter 'scrutiny' and accountability in the digital age.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: rentan, mudah terluka
Dalam konteks: (untuk tujuan jahat) membujuk, memanipulasi, membina hubungan
Dalam konteks: tonggak pencapaian, peristiwa penting
Dalam konteks: yang kehilangan orang tercinta
Dalam konteks: memperkuat, memadatkan, menjadi teguh
Dalam konteks: dengan tidak tahu malu, dengan berani
Dalam konteks: pengawasan, pengaturan
Dalam konteks: mencegah, menghindari (bencana, dll.)
Dalam konteks: belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, yang belum ada tandingannya
Dalam konteks: pemeriksaan, pengamatan teliti
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
To formally admit in a court of law that one has committed a crime.
Mengaku bersalah
An official investigation ordered by a government body into a matter of public concern.
Penyelidikan publik, sidang dengar pendapat publik
To continue functioning without any control, restraint, or supervision.
Beroperasi tanpa pengawasan, berjalan tanpa kendali
The obligation of an organization or government body to explain its actions and be held responsible for its failures.
Akuntabilitas institusional