Great Western Railway to be nationalised in DecemberGreat Western Railway akan dinasionalisasi pada bulan Desember
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EN: The auxiliary verb 'will' is used here to express a future fact or a scheduled event that has been officially decided.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja bantu 'will' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan fakta masa depan yang sudah dijadwalkan atau peristiwa yang telah diputuskan secara resmi.
The new museum will open next month.
Museum baru akan dibuka bulan depan.
EN: The preposition 'in' is used with months (e.g., in December) to indicate the time when something happens.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'in' digunakan dengan nama bulan (misalnya, in December) untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya sesuatu.
We usually go skiing in January.
Kami biasanya pergi bermain ski pada bulan Januari.
EN: The nationalization of railways is a significant political shift in the UK. Since the 1990s, most services were privatized, but the current Labour government is moving to bring them back under state control to improve reliability and integration.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has announced): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present, often used for news announcements.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has announced): Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak spesifik di masa lalu dan memiliki relevansi dengan masa kini, sering digunakan dalam pengumuman berita.
The company has announced a new CEO.
Perusahaan telah mengumumkan seorang CEO baru.
EN: Passive Voice in Future Tense (will be nationalised): Formed by 'will be' + past participle. It focuses on the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif dalam bentuk masa depan (will be nationalised): Dibentuk dengan 'will be' + past participle. Struktur ini menekankan tindakan yang diterima oleh subjek, bukan orang atau pihak yang melakukan tindakan.
The new bridge will be completed next year.
Jembatan baru ini akan selesai tahun depan.
EN: In the UK, 'nationalisation' refers to the process of bringing private assets (like railways) under public ownership by the government. This has been a major political topic since the Labour government took power in 2024, aiming to improve service reliability.
EN: Present Perfect Passive (has/have + been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has an effect on the present, while focusing on the person or thing receiving the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present perfect (has/have + been + past participle): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, atau yang memiliki dampak pada masa kini, sambil menekankan orang atau hal yang menerima tindakan tersebut.
The old building has been renovated by the city council.
Bangunan tua ini telah direnovasi oleh dewan kota.
EN: The preposition 'for' + duration: Used to indicate the length of time an action or state has lasted.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'for' + durasi waktu: Digunakan untuk menunjukkan lamanya suatu tindakan atau keadaan berlangsung.
They have lived in London for ten years.
Mereka telah tinggal di London selama sepuluh tahun.
EN: The privatization of British railways began in the mid-1990s under the Conservative government. The mention of '30 years' refers to this period of private operation before the current trend of returning services to public ownership (nationalization).
EN: The Present Perfect Passive ('has been returned') is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, emphasizing the result or state rather than the doer.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present perfect ('has been returned') digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak spesifik di masa lalu, dengan menekankan hasil atau keadaan, bukan pelakunya.
The stolen car has been returned to its owner.
Mobil yang dicuri itu telah dikembalikan kepada pemiliknya.
EN: The conjunction 'since' is used to indicate a starting point in time. When followed by a clause in the Past Simple ('came to power'), the main clause usually uses the Present Perfect.
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi 'since' digunakan untuk menunjukkan titik awal waktu. Ketika diikuti oleh klausa dengan simple past (came to power), klausa utama biasanya menggunakan present perfect.
He has lived in London since he graduated in 2020.
Dia telah tinggal di London sejak lulus pada tahun 2020.
EN: The term 'public ownership' or 'nationalisation' refers to the process of the government taking control of a private industry. In the UK, the railway system has historically shifted between private and public control, with the Labour party traditionally favouring state management to improve service reliability.
EN: Passive Voice (was passed): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. Formed with 'be' + past participle.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif (was passed): Digunakan ketika tindakan lebih penting daripada orang yang melakukan tindakan. Dibentuk dengan 'be + past participle'.
The new law was passed by the parliament yesterday.
Undang-undang baru ini disahkan oleh parlemen kemarin.
EN: Adverbial Clause of Time (When...): A clause that indicates when the main action takes place, often starting with 'when'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa keterangan waktu (When...): Klausa yang menunjukkan kapan tindakan utama terjadi, biasanya diawali dengan 'when'.
When the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly.
Ketika matahari terbenam, suhu turun dengan cepat.
EN: The UK's railway system has fluctuated between private and public ownership for decades. The Labour party traditionally supports nationalization (government control) of essential services like transport to ensure public benefit over private profit.
EN: Passive Voice with 'be expected to': This structure is used to express expectations or predictions about a future event. The subject (this process) is receiving the action rather than performing it.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'be expected to' dalam kalimat pasif: Struktur ini digunakan untuk menyatakan harapan atau prediksi tentang peristiwa di masa depan. Subjek (proses ini) adalah penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku tindakan.
The new project is expected to start next month.
Proyek baru ini diharapkan akan dimulai bulan depan.
EN: Prepositional phrase 'by the end of': This phrase indicates a deadline or a point in time before which an action must be completed.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisi 'by the end of': Frasa ini menunjukkan batas waktu atau titik waktu sebelum tindakan harus diselesaikan.
Please submit your report by the end of the week.
Silakan kirim laporan Anda sebelum akhir pekan.
EN: The nationalization of railways is a significant political shift in the UK. Since the 1990s, most services were privatized, but the current Labour government is moving them back into public ownership to improve reliability and service quality.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' (that-clause) acting as the direct object of the verb 'confirmed'. This structure allows you to report a fact or statement.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan 'klausa benda' (klausa that) sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'confirmed'. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta atau melaporkan informasi.
The company announced that the project was successful.
Perusahaan mengumumkan bahwa proyek tersebut berhasil.
EN: The phrase 'take effect' is a common collocation meaning to become officially active or valid, often used for laws, rules, or schedules.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'take effect' adalah kolokasi umum yang berarti mulai berlaku secara resmi atau mulai dilaksanakan, sering digunakan untuk hukum, peraturan, atau jadwal.
The new law will take effect from next month.
Undang-undang baru akan mulai berlaku bulan depan.
EN: In the UK, major changes to train schedules (timetables) usually happen twice a year, in May and December. This is why the nationalization of Great Western Railway is timed to coincide with these industry-wide updates.
EN: The verb 'connects' is used in the present simple tense to describe a permanent fact or a regular route. The structure 'connect A to B' is used to show a link between two locations.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'connects' digunakan dalam bentuk simple present untuk menggambarkan fakta permanen atau rute yang tetap. Struktur 'connect A to B' digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara dua tempat.
The new bridge connects the island to the mainland.
Jembatan baru ini menghubungkan pulau dengan daratan utama.
EN: Prepositional phrases starting with 'in' and 'to' are used here as modifiers to provide specific geographical details about the locations.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa preposisi yang diawali dengan 'in' dan 'to' digunakan di sini sebagai keterangan untuk memberikan detail geografis yang spesifik tentang suatu tempat.
He lives in a small village in north Italy.
Dia tinggal di sebuah desa kecil di Italia utara.
EN: Paddington station is one of London's major railway termini and is famously associated with the fictional character Paddington Bear. It serves as the gateway for trains traveling to the west of the UK.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has worked): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the current situation.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has worked): Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, atau yang terkait dengan keadaan saat ini.
The company has provided excellent service since 2010.
Perusahaan ini telah memberikan layanan berkualitas sejak tahun 2010.
EN: Infinitive of Purpose (to upgrade... and introduce): The 'to + verb' structure is used here to explain the reason or goal of the action (why they worked closely).
Bahasa Indonesia: Infinitif untuk tujuan (to upgrade... and introduce): Struktur 'to + kata kerja' digunakan di sini untuk menjelaskan alasan atau tujuan dari suatu tindakan (yaitu mengapa mereka bekerja sama erat).
He studied hard to pass the exam.
Dia belajar keras untuk lulus ujian.
EN: The 'mainline' refers to the primary railway tracks connecting major cities, which are crucial for national infrastructure. 'Intercity trains' in the UK are long-distance services that connect major population centers, often featuring higher speeds and more amenities than local commuter trains.
EN: The sentence uses a 'that-clause' as a noun clause to function as the direct object of the reporting verb 'said'. This structure is commonly used to report statements or information.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan 'klausa that' sebagai klausa benda yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'said'. Struktur ini sering digunakan untuk melaporkan perkataan orang lain atau menyatakan suatu fakta.
The teacher said that the exam would be easy.
Guru berkata bahwa ujiannya akan mudah.
EN: The possessive case is formed by adding an apostrophe and 's' ('s) to a noun (e.g., government's) to indicate ownership or relationship.
Bahasa Indonesia: Bentuk kepemilikan dibentuk dengan menambahkan apostrof dan 's' ('s) pada kata benda, misalnya 'government's', untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan atau hubungan.
The company's new office is in London.
Kantor perusahaan ini berada di London.
EN: The 'Department for Transport' is the UK government department responsible for the English transport network and a limited number of transport matters in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The move toward nationalization reflects a significant shift in UK political strategy regarding public infrastructure.
EN: The Present Continuous Passive (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress or planned for the near future where the subject receives the action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif present continuous (am/is/are + being + past participle) digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi yang sedang berlangsung saat ini atau yang direncanakan terjadi dalam waktu dekat, dengan subjek sebagai penerima tindakan.
The old bridge is being repaired by the workers.
Jembatan tua itu sedang diperbaiki oleh para pekerja.
EN: The word 'several' is a determiner used to indicate an indefinite number that is more than two but not very many. It is always followed by a plural countable noun.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata 'several' adalah determiner yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah yang tidak pasti, biasanya lebih dari dua tetapi tidak banyak (beberapa). Kata ini selalu diikuti oleh kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung.
Several students were absent from the meeting.
Beberapa siswa tidak hadir dalam rapat.
EN: In the UK, 'nationalisation' refers to the process of the government taking control of a private industry or company. This has been a major political topic in British railway history, shifting between private franchises and public control.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses: These clauses provide extra information about a noun (separated by commas) and are introduced by relative pronouns like 'which'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif non-pembatas: Klausa ini memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda (biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma) dan dipandu oleh kata ganti relatif (seperti which).
The new train station, which opened last week, is very modern.
Stasiun kereta baru yang dibuka minggu lalu sangat modern.
EN: The phrase 'be due to' is used to describe something that is expected to happen at a specific time based on a schedule or arrangement.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'be due to' digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang diharapkan terjadi pada waktu tertentu berdasarkan jadwal atau pengaturan.
The next train is due to arrive in ten minutes.
Kereta berikutnya dijadwalkan tiba dalam sepuluh menit.
EN: Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is one of the most significant rail franchises in the UK, operating busy routes like the Thameslink, Southern, and Great Northern. Its nationalization is a major step in the British government's plan to bring railways back under public control to improve reliability.
EN: The Future Passive Voice is formed using 'will be' + past participle. It is used to describe actions that will happen to the subject in the future, where the performer of the action is often the government or an organization.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat pasif masa depan dibentuk dengan menggunakan 'will be' + past participle. Digunakan untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang akan terjadi pada subjek di masa depan, dan pelakunya biasanya pemerintah atau lembaga.
The new bridge will be completed next year.
Jembatan baru ini akan selesai tahun depan.
EN: Prepositions of Time: 'In' is used with months, years, and seasons to indicate a general period of time when an event occurs.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi waktu: 'in' digunakan dengan bulan, tahun, dan musim untuk menunjukkan periode waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa.
The school year starts in September.
Tahun ajaran dimulai pada bulan September.
EN: The nationalisation of railways in the UK marks a significant shift in policy under the Labour government, moving away from the privatisation model that began in the 1990s. Chiltern Railways is one of several operators being brought back under public control to improve service consistency.
EN: The use of 'will remain' indicates a future state or condition that will persist after a specific event (the changes). 'Remain' is an intransitive verb here, meaning to continue to exist.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'will remain' menunjukkan keadaan atau kondisi masa depan yang akan terus berlanjut setelah peristiwa tertentu (perubahan ini) terjadi. 'Remain' di sini adalah kata kerja intransitif yang berarti 'terus ada' atau 'tetap'.
Only a few tickets will remain after the pre-sale ends.
Hanya akan ada beberapa tiket yang tersisa setelah penjualan awal berakhir.
EN: The colon (:) is used to introduce a list that clarifies or specifies the 'three private train operators' mentioned earlier in the sentence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Titik dua (:) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan daftar yang menjelaskan atau merinci 'tiga operator kereta swasta' yang disebutkan di bagian awal kalimat.
The store sells three types of fruit: apples, oranges, and bananas.
Toko ini menjual tiga jenis buah: apel, jeruk, dan pisang.
EN: The sentence reflects a major shift in UK transport policy. Since the mid-1990s, British railways were privatized. However, the current government is moving toward 'Great British Railways,' a state-owned model, to improve service reliability and simplify ticketing.
EN: The passive voice construction 'be expected to' is used to describe something that is likely to happen based on current information or plans. It shifts the focus from who expects it to the action itself.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur kalimat pasif 'be expected to' digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi berdasarkan informasi atau rencana yang ada. Struktur ini mengalihkan fokus dari 'siapa yang mengharapkan' ke 'tindakan itu sendiri'.
The new train station is expected to open next month.
Stasiun kereta baru diharapkan akan dibuka bulan depan.
EN: The preposition 'before' is used here to indicate a deadline or a point in time by which an action must be completed. 'Before the end of' is a common phrase to specify a time limit.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'before' di sini digunakan untuk menunjukkan batas waktu atau titik waktu ketika suatu tindakan harus diselesaikan. 'Before the end of' (sebelum akhir dari...) adalah frasa umum untuk menentukan batas waktu.
Please submit the report before the end of the week.
Silakan kirim laporan sebelum akhir pekan.
EN: The sentence refers to the nationalization of British railways. In the UK, the debate between private vs. public ownership of rail services is a significant political issue, with the Labour government historically favoring public control to improve service reliability and integration.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: dinasionalisasi; mengubah perusahaan swasta menjadi milik negara
Dalam konteks: kepemilikan; status sebagai pemilik
Dalam konteks: undang-undang; peraturan
Dalam konteks: jadwal; jadwal perjalanan (kereta, bus)
Dalam konteks: peningkatan; perbaikan
Dalam konteks: signifikan; penting
Dalam konteks: komuter; orang yang bepergian antara pinggiran kota dan kota
Dalam konteks: pemindahan; penyerahan
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
State or government ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise.
kepemilikan publik; nasionalisasi
To take control of a country's government, usually after an election.
berkuasa; memegang kekuasaan
To become active or start to apply (of a law, rule, or schedule).
berlaku; mulai berlaku
Expected to happen or arrive at a particular time.
dijadwalkan; diperkirakan