Muscle growth drug ‘could reduce loss of lean tissue’ when using slimming jabs
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EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has shown) is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance or results in the present.
Recent research has shown that sleep is vital for memory.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'shown', introducing the specific information or fact being revealed.
He believes that the project will succeed.
EN: The term 'slimming jabs' is a common British English colloquialism for weight-loss injections. In a medical context, these refer to GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. It emphasizes the ongoing effectiveness of these drugs.
These new treatments have been successful in clinical trials.
EN: The preposition 'at' is followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) to indicate the specific area or activity in which someone or something is effective or skilled.
She is very good at explaining complex ideas.
EN: Wegovy and Mounjaro are brand names for GLP-1 receptor agonists, which have gained massive popularity in Western media and social platforms (like TikTok) for weight loss, leading to global discussions about body image and drug accessibility.
EN: The 'that-clause' as a direct object: After reporting verbs like 'warn', 'say', or 'think', a 'that' clause is used to introduce the information being reported. 'That' can often be omitted in informal speech.
The doctor warned that the treatment might have side effects.
EN: The causative verb 'cause': The structure 'cause + object + to + infinitive' is used to describe an action that makes something else happen.
Heavy rain caused the river to overflow.
EN: The verb 'suggest' is used here to mean 'to indicate' or 'to show as a likely fact'. It is followed by a 'that-clause' which functions as the direct object of the sentence, containing the information being reported.
Recent reports suggest that the economy is improving.
EN: The phrase 'between A and B' is used to specify a range. When used as a subject (e.g., 'between 25 and 40 percent of...'), the verb agreement usually follows the noun after 'of'. Here, 'percent' is treated as a singular or plural portion depending on the context, but 'comes' agrees with the singular concept of the percentage range.
Between 10 and 20 people are expected to attend.
EN: In health and fitness contexts, 'lean body mass' is a technical term used to distinguish muscle, bone, and water from body fat. The concern mentioned in the text reflects a growing medical dialogue about the quality of weight loss, not just the quantity, especially with the rise of GLP-1 medications like Wegovy.
EN: The verb 'include' is a transitive verb used to list parts that make up a whole. In this sentence, it connects the subject 'Lean body mass' to its components.
The price includes breakfast and tax.
EN: The use of 'other' as an adjective. 'Other' is used before plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns to refer to additional things of the same type or category.
I have other books to read.
EN: In health and fitness contexts, 'lean body mass' is a technical term used to differentiate muscle, bone, and water weight from body fat. It is often discussed in the context of metabolism and strength training.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action or state described in the main clause.
She stayed at home because it was raining.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a full infinitive (with 'to'). In this sentence, 'help them stay' uses the bare infinitive.
This exercise helps you sleep better.
EN: In health and fitness contexts, 'lean tissue' or 'lean body mass' is often contrasted with 'body fat.' Maintaining muscle mass is a key focus in modern medical discussions about weight loss drugs to ensure patients remain functional and avoid 'sarcopenia' (muscle loss).
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'which' is used after a comma to add extra information about the entire preceding clause, rather than just the noun before it.
He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
EN: Comparative Adjectives: The structure 'more [noun] than' is used to compare the quantity of something between two things.
This car uses more fuel than that one.
EN: The past participle 'called' is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is called') to modify the noun 'medicine'. It functions like an adjective to provide a specific name.
I read a book called 'The Great Gatsby'.
EN: The non-defining relative clause starts with ', which is...'. It provides extra, non-essential information about 'apitegromab'. In English, this type of clause must be preceded by a comma.
He lives in London, which is the capital of the UK.
EN: The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to describe the method or means by which an action is achieved.
She improved her English by watching movies every day.
EN: A relative clause starting with 'that' is used here to provide essential information about the preceding noun ('a protein').
This is the machine that produces the car parts.
EN: The mention of 'myostatin' refers to a real biological protein that limits muscle tissue growth. In medical science, inhibiting this protein is a significant area of research for treating muscle-wasting diseases and, as seen here, potentially offsetting side effects of weight-loss drugs.
EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the action is more important than who performed it. Here, 'was used' indicates that the drug was administered in a trial context.
The new software was tested by several experts.
EN: The phrase 'be able to' is used to express ability or possibility, often used instead of 'can' to form different tenses, such as the past tense 'were able to'.
After months of practice, she was able to swim across the lake.
EN: The sentence mentions 'slimming jabs' (like Wegovy and Mounjaro), which have become a major cultural and medical phenomenon in recent years. The focus is shifting from just 'losing weight' to 'quality of weight loss,' ensuring that muscle mass is preserved for long-term health.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'that': A relative clause is used to provide more information about a noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'that is found in Mounjaro' describes the 'active ingredient'.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
EN: Passive Voice (is found): The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle'. It is used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action.
Water is found on the surface of Mars.
EN: The sentence refers to modern pharmaceutical developments in weight loss. Mounjaro is a brand name for a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, which has gained significant global attention recently.
EN: Appositives: An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. In this sentence, 'an obesity expert at Ulster University' provides more information about 'Professor Alexander Miras'.
Mr. Chen, a talented musician, plays the piano every day.
EN: Reported Speech with 'that' clause: The verb 'said' is followed by a noun clause starting with 'that' (though 'that' is often omitted) to report what someone said. The tense in the clause usually shifts to match the past tense of 'said'.
She said the movie was very exciting.
EN: In academic and news contexts, it is common to introduce an expert by their full title and affiliation (e.g., 'at Ulster University') to establish credibility before quoting their opinion.
EN: The phrase 'be linked to' is used to describe a connection or relationship between two things, often used in scientific or medical contexts to show cause and effect.
Lack of sleep has been linked to various health problems.
EN: The Past Perfect tense ('had been linked') is used here to show that the connection between the jabs and muscle loss was established or existed prior to the moment Professor Alexander Miras gave his explanation.
The doctor explained that the patient had been sick for a week.
EN: In academic and medical reporting, it is common to clarify if an expert was 'not involved in the research' to establish their impartiality. This ensures the audience knows the expert is providing an unbiased second opinion rather than promoting their own work.
EN: The structure 'find + it + adjective + to-infinitive' uses 'it' as a dummy object (preparatory object). The real object is the 'to-infinitive' phrase at the end. This is used when the object of a verb is an infinitive or a clause and is followed by an object complement.
I find it easy to learn English with music.
EN: Relative clauses starting with 'who' are used to provide more information about a person or group of people. In this sentence, 'who lose muscle mass' defines which 'people' the speaker is referring to.
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
EN: In medical and health contexts, 'muscle mass' is a standard term used to discuss physical health and aging. The sentence highlights a practical concern in the UK and other Western countries where maintaining independence in daily activities (like walking or carrying groceries) is a key goal of geriatric and obesity medicine.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to indicate the source of information or an opinion. It is followed by a noun or a noun phrase.
According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow.
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') or a 'to-infinitive'. In this sentence, 'help reduce' uses the bare infinitive form.
This exercise helps strengthen your back muscles.
EN: In academic and medical contexts, experts like Professor Miras are often cited to provide credibility to new research findings. The use of 'could' reflects the cautious language typically used in science before a drug is fully approved for widespread use.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
The weight of your body minus the fat, including muscles, bones, and water.
Injections used for the purpose of losing weight.
The specific chemical in a drug that makes it work.
Connected to or associated with something else.
A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar.